Abstract This paper states that its research on the issue of civic engagement in global public policy confirms that citizens and peace activists all over the world have organized transnational networks in order to influence arms control policies and bring about change. Their efforts have produced mixed results, from remarkable success to complete failure. Ultimately, their influence on arms control policy depends upon their ability to generate public support for arms reductions, for public support translates into political pressure on government policymakers. The paper brings historical examples from the Cold War to illustrate this, such as the Cuban missile crisis, the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with the Soviet Union, the Salt I Treaty, the Strategic Defense Initiative, and the START treaty. The paper concludes by stating that arms and militarism have been an inseparable part of every major empire or culture throughout human history and that this is a dilemma peace activists may not be able to resolve. The paper includes an annotated bibliography.
From the Paper "Civic engagement on arms control policy emerged in the aftermath of the Second World War in response to the development and deployment of nuclear weapons by the United States and the Soviet Union. After the fall of Nazi Germany and Imperial Japan in 1945, the United States and the Soviet Union amassed huge arsenals of atomic bombs, intercontinental ballistic missiles, strategic jet bombers, and ballistic missile submarines, and it seemed that conventional battles fought by massed armies of tanks and infantry would never occur again. The general consensus among government officials and the public as well was that possession of nuclear weapons was the new measure of any nation's military power."
Abstract This paper describes the impact of small arms proliferation in Southeast Asian region. It highlights studies that detail illegal activities that allow rebels access to small arms with which to perpetrate further chaos in the country by undermining vital aspects of basic human security.
Contents
Introduction
Small Arms Proliferation and its Impacts on Human Security in Southeast Asia
From the Paper "According to the "Small Arms Survey 2002: Counting the Human Cost" published by the University of Geneva, the total number of human lives lost to small arms has reached approximately 639 million worldwide. Relatedly, according to the United Nations, the current number of small arms around the world is estimated to be 500 million to 1 billion. Light weapons are found to be the principal cause of death in conflicts around the world with the vast number of casualties belonging to civilians. It appears that despite the numerous lives lost, small arms and light weapons remain largely available in the world.
Small arms proliferation and their subsequent misuse by criminal elements have not only caused massive deaths but also undermined the equally important aspects of human security. These aspects include economic security, food security, health security, environmental security, personal security, community security and political security. With the increasing level of small arms proliferation and the resulting instability and insecurity it causes, human security is threatened. It serves to prolong the violent intra-state conflicts, and worst, encourage the demand for more arms for more profit to arms peddlers and for self-defense of neglected civilians. It is in this context that human security is examined amidst the proliferation and misuse of small arms in Southeast Asia."
Abstract Since the hijackings of September 11, there has been a great deal of controversy involving the arming of airline pilots. Whether or not this is a good idea is the topic of this paper.
Abstract This paper is a literature review of a very important topic; namely, the relationship between the state of the European arms manufacturing sector and the harmonization of European militaries under the "aegis" of the European Union (Eurocorps in particular). The paper examines the statistical evidence available, EU documents that are available (many are not) as well as any interviews that have been conducted examining the issue. Ultimately, the pros and cons of the aforementioned relationship does not provide for easy answers.
Abstract The paper discusses the proposal to arm airline pilots. The paper looks at those in favor who argued that pilots needed the means to repel invaders into the cockpit. Those not in favor argued that it was dangerous for pilots to be carrying firearms and that doing so also put them in danger. The paper describes how the issue was considered as various legislation was proposed and as an increased effort was made to train air marshals for service to protect the flying public. The paper points out that the question is still often raised and continues to foster debate.
Abstract This paper discusses Hemingway's "A Farewell to Arms" and illustrates how the author broaches the brutality of war while juxtaposing it against the complexity of human emotions. The paper examines the tragic ending to "A Farewell to Arms" showing how it underscores the difficulty in finding meaning in life. The paper describes how Hemingway drives home the complex relationship between love and war and draws out their ironic similarities in his novel "A Farewell to Arms".
From the Paper "Hemingway broaches the brutality of war while juxtaposing it against the complexity of human emotions in his novel "A Farewell to Arms". Set in Europe during World War I, "A Farewell to Arms" is a classic American text that elucidates the role of women in the time of its publication as well as revealing the author's own feelings towards the roles of men and women in society. The narrator and protagonist is a man conflicted about his position in the army and his position as a lover. Frederic Henry dismisses the philosophical nature of war and heroism, downplaying the loftier causes of the Great War. Mirroring his conflict about warfare is his relationship with Catherine Barkley. Catherine initiates their affair in a playful and frivolous manner, but because a genuine love and trust develops between the two, Henry's character matures and his priorities are realized: romantic love usurps his desire to be a hero. Amid this background and setting of death and bloodshed, Hemingway introduces the theme of the fundamentally bleak nature of human existence, for in spite of their love, Henry and Catherine cannot find lasting happiness. The conflict between love and war and the universal struggle for meaning is played out against this backdrop. Frederick Henry's internal strife parallels the bloody fights that surround him, and through his role in the army and his role in his relationship with Catherine, the character proves the primacy of love."
Tags: frederick, henry, catherine, barkley, rinaldi, world, war, army, heroism
This paper discusses Hemingway's ?Farewell to Arms?, a quasi-autobiographical novel, which echoes Hemingway's life and serves as a commentary on the times and Hemingway's character.
Abstract This paper explains that ?A Farewell to Arms?, a novel of war and love, consists of two parts. The part before his surgery and convalescence at Milan, including Frederic Henry's wounding, and the part after he returns to the front. The author points out that Hemingway uses rain as a good or bad portent in almost every part of the novel, and it serves as a metaphor on numerous occasions. The paper relates that Hemingway was an alcoholic, and alcoholism plays an important role in ?Farewell to Arms?, thus showing a slice of Ernest Hemingway's life.
From the Paper "Catherine Barkley, in the novel, has many suitors, including a Dr. Rinaldi, a physician assigned to Henry's ambulance corps. Rinaldi, recognizing the extent of Henry's feelings, backs away from his pursuit of Nurse Barkley. This way, Hemingway felt that he had complete ascendancy over Catherine's very being. The love affair between Catherine and Frederic is not of mutual give and take. Catherine is completely giving of her body mind and soul. Frederic does not reciprocate any of this; indeed, he is constantly demanding. When he wrote the novel, Hemingway was older. He was married and divorced to his first wife Hadley. His real life wife, Pauline, was pregnant with his child and had a difficult cesarean birth around the time the novel was completed--almost a decade after World War I ended. This was the difficulty of childbirth that Hemingway forced upon the character of Hemingway attributed to his characters his feelings of that time. Catherine also combined the characteristics of both Hadley and Pauline."
Abstract This paper summarizes and analyzes the plot and characters in "A Farewell to Arms" and explains how the book is ultimately a study in loss, a study in fate, and a farewell to false hopes and cultural constructions of honor.
From the Paper ""A Farewell to Arms" is not a study of doom in the sense that it is a depressing book. It is not so much a study of what is gloomy about life so much as it is instead a study of fate. The book depicts individuals who find it difficult to live in society and according to strict societal mores. But Frederick Henry and Catherine, despite their inclinations are still forced to live by the moral and religious creeds of a morally alien world, and thus their fates seem doomed and dark."
Abstract The writer shows how cleverly Hemingway weaves the image of rain throughout his novel, "A Farewell to Arms" to portray two major moods: One, a time of transition; and two, the emotion of the occasion.
From the Paper "The first mention of rain in the book occurs at the end of summer with Frederic's hospital stay; Frederic and Catherine have spent a day in Milan with friends. At the end of the day when they are together, the evening turns misty, the dampness turns to rain; it begins to rain hard. Catherine asks Frederic a very odd question. She asks him whether he would love her even in the rain. When Frederic, now curious, responds in the affirmative, Catherine reveals a startling phobia, "I'm afraid of the rain because sometimes I see myself dead in it." This first reference to rain portends of things to come, finally ending tragically."
Tags: Frederic, Catherine, WWI, Italy, novel, literature
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to introduce and discuss the book "Farewell to Arms" by Ernest Hemingway. Specifically, it discusses rain throughout the story. Rain and water are two recurring themes woven through the story. Hemingway uses water and rain as a subtle warning of the characters ultimate fate. The author illustrates how Hemingway uses rain and water elements as a vibrant and effective symbol of darkness and misery throughout the novel.
From the Paper "Just as rain turns a day dark and dreary, so does the rain in this novel turn people's lives from sunny to gloomy. In the one dissention from this theme, the rain "baptizes" the character Henry when he deserts the Italian army, thereby blessing his desertion and his "rebirth." Rain flows through the book in a never-ending river, and whoever it touches is never the same. Hemingway's powerful writing, combined with this compelling theme, makes this story tragic, and yet unforgettable."
Abstract The role of religion in Earnest Hemingway's classic novel "A Farewell to Arms" is often addressed as being fundamental to the course of the novel, where Hemingway created a setting in which his characters were directed in terms of their own desires and through what was arguably the influence of a higher power. This paper addresses the conflict between religious faith and an acceptance of life as is manifested in the character of Henry.
Abstract This paper will discuss the relationship that exists between Catherine and Frederic in "A Farewell To Arms by Earnest Hemingway". An argument will be made that love and war can co exist together under the premise that love is not an answer to horrors of it, but rather, it can help to make life better, even though the tragic implications in Hemingway's writing tell us differently.
This paper is a review of Ernest Hemingway's "A Farewell to Arms" from the perspective that the bravest person is one who follows his or her conscience.
1,115 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 1 source, MLA, $ 38.95
Abstract This paper explains that "A Farewell to Arms" is a sad story, but it is even sadder because Hemingway shows the destruction of war, not only on the countryside, but also on the people. The author points out that Hemingway uses the character, Frederic Henry, to show the horrors of war; the abstracts of war are very different from the realities of war, and the abstract qualities of bravery are very different from the realities of bravery. The paper concludes that Henry is a hero, not because he served in the war and was wounded, but because he was strong enough to understand the war was wrong and stand up against it; therefore, the story shows that it is easy to do what everyone else is doing, but much harder to stand up and be different.
From the Paper " "A Farewell to Arms" is about an American ambulance driver fighting in the First World War named Frederic Henry. He enlisted in the Italian army simply because he was there, and he goes through many adventures in the book. He falls in love with Catherine, a British nurse, and is wounded during the fighting. He returns to the front, but the Italian Army is driven back, and he is nearly executed by angry troops who blame the officers for their retreat. He escapes, and returns to Catherine. They leave Italy and settle is Switzerland, leaving the war and its horror behind them."
Abstract This paper explains that Ernest Hemingway's "A Farewell to Arms" is a love story built around a theme of good versus evil, set against backdrops of war and hospitals. The author points out that, in this morality tale, Hemingway uses this war and the hospitals, both places where individuals fight a life-or-death battle, to symbolize facing one's own spirituality. The paper relates that the love between Frederic and Catherine is symbolic of the good in life; however, Frederic's unclean way of living, the bad side of human nature, is symbolic of death.
From the Paper "Rather, Hemingway uses his brief service as a Red Cross ambulance driver on the Italian front in 1918, and his injury by a mortar burst as a source for realistic detail. Hemingway's wound was critical enough to be life endangering, and it has been observed by his contemporaries that this experience permanently altered his outlook on life. The author himself remembered the sensation of his life almost leaving him, "like you'd pull a silk handkerchief out of a pocket by a corner." The love story is based on his own affair with a nurse during this time, Agnes von Kurowsky. Although Hemingway was deeply in love with her, she did not regard the liaison as a serious affair, and left for Florence to care for a patient. While there, she became involved with someone else and broke the affair off."
