Abstract
This paper examines the health insurance market failure in the United States which is characterized by an ever growing number of Americans that are uninsured. The paper explains the impact on society of the health insurance market failure, and evaluates various private or governmental actions and options to address the consequences of this problem, which include unnecessary suffering and higher costs resulting from deferred and delayed health care intervention..."

From the Paper
"According to an essay published online by Answers.com, a market failure is an economic term that describes a situation in any given market in which the quantity of a product made available to consumers is not equal to the quantity supplied by suppliers. It is a direct result of a lack of certain economically ideal factors which prevents equilibrium. Market failures have negative effects on the economy. In other words, the social costs of producing the goods or service are not minimized..."

Tags:Health Insurance Market Failure, Economic Theory, Supply and Demand, Government Actions, Consequences, Underwriting, Regulation, Peer-Reviewed, Moral Persuasion, Consumers

Abstract
This paper gives an in-depth consideration of the pathological relationship between atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and congestive heart failure. The paper further explores the use of cardiac hormones which is gaining wider acceptance as a useful clinical and subclinical marker for impending heart failure. It then explains how ANP's are released and their impact on the cardiovascular system.

From the Paper
"The cardiovascular system is complex not only in its amazing capacity to adapt to a broad range of hemodynamic challenges and insults but also in its multiple physiologic roles. From a rest state, everyday physical exertion to the vigorous demands of exercise, the cardiovascular system is able to adjust to perfuse all organ systems adequately and without fail within seconds of the stimulus. It is also able to adjust to long-term stressors in order to maintain nominal perfusion to all organ systems. While its primary physiologic role of the heart as a circulating pump is its most prominent feature, its interesting role as an endocrine organ is..."

Tags:anp, heart, failure

Abstract
This paper explores and analyzes the concept of political failure in Machiavelli's "The Prince" and Hobbes's "The Leviathan."The paper explains that bot theorists were products of turbulence and shared the view of inevitable chaos or other dissolution without particular approaches taken to government, which placed great weight on the ruler. For example, "The Prince" attends a great deal to the proper conduct of a prince as opposed to a tyrant, as the latter will forever fail; for Hobbes, a symbolic sovereign and recognition of most basic, even base, human nature were essential, the individual made aware that compromise allowed the stability in which to pursue self-interested objectives.

From the Paper
"Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527) and Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) can be assessed as theorists influenced by direct exposure to political failure and its resulting chaos. As a young man, Machiavelli experienced the 1498 French invasion of Florence and the flight of the Medici family, and much of his subsequent career transpired as a politician at the Florentine court, then as a diplomatic envoy to other of the Italian states, France and Germany. He knew the business of politics for what it was, and knew ..."

Tags:hobbes, machiavelli, political failure

Abstract
The paper discusses how Jerry Kaplan's failure is attributed to naivete, excessive ambition that caused him to trust competitors, his collaboration with IBM and his belief in continued expansion without revenues. The paper explains that each of his many errors stem from his goals being too high and having too little experience.

From the Paper
"Jerry Kaplan wrote a book after his GO-EO IT development venture had collapsed, leaving him more than 75 million dollars in losses. (1994) In the beginning, Kaplan's innovation of pen computing caught the interest of various investors who agreed with Kaplan in the late 1980s that the product was the way of the future. It is very plain from the beginning of the book that Jerry Kaplan was not a person who wanted to become well off or wealthy, but a person who wanted to become very rich and famous. He was determined to become a player in the IT world of Silicon Valley where some products and companies did turn profits or stay afloat, where operations..."

Tags:go it, kaplan, failure

Abstract
A case study on renal failure of a 71 year-old female patient. The paper includes symptoms, treatment, causes and post-treatment.

From the Paper
"The patient is Ms Kay, a ... year-old woman presenting to the emergency department of the hospital with a six week history of recurrent diffuse abdominal pain and nausea without vomiting that was unrelated to food consumption and unaccompanied by either fever or weight loss. With a history of Type ... diabetes that had been treated with metformin, the patient had undergone such outpatient investigations as gastroscopy, abdominal ultrasonography, gynecological examination and a colonoscopy five days before presentation. All of these procedures..."

Tags:renal failure, case study

Abstract
This paper provides a discussion of each section of the medical model (signs, symptoms, diagnosis, testing, therapy, treatment, treatment evaluation, and prognosis) as it relates to congestive heart failure.

From the Paper
"The medical model focuses on the physical and biological elements of specific diseases and conditions. Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a condition that occurs because the heart cannot pump sufficient blood to other body organs. Signs are the physical outcome of a condition. For CHF, physical manifestations include irregular, rapid heartbeat, distended neck veins, swollen liver, limb edema and fluid buildup around the lungs. Symptoms are the things a patient experiences about the condition. Unlike signs they..."

Tags:healthcare, physicians, heart disease, CHF, ACE inhibitors, edema, organ failure

Abstract
A case study of information system failure.

From the Paper
"Many studies over the last twenty to thirty years have claimed that there are high failure rates for Information Technology Information Systems, development projects and these are due to problems of enthusiasm and problems of control with overwhelming complexity. Such problems seem to continue despite improvements in software tools, management methods and much research on the topic. The following presents one published example of a major failure in Information Technology Information Systems development from a credible source. A summary of the case study is..."

Tags:information, system, failure

Abstract
This paper describes a parent education training program for kindergarten and elementary school students targeting prevention of school failure. It further examines the positive outcomes of parent training including increased language achievement in children and improvements in children's overall school behavior.

From the Paper
"The importance of parent training as a means of preventing school failure and dropout as well as dealing with a host of behavioral problems cannot be overemphasized, most especially when these programs are provided in children's early school years. Moreover these programs work especially well with minority families. (Alexander Entwistle Horsey) In general, parent training has been found to produce several positive outcomes. These outcomes include increased children's language achievement, improvements in children's overall school behavior, an enhancement..."

Tags:Parent Training, school failure, dropout, students

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that the paper "Factors Related to Nonadherence to Low Sodium Diet Recommendations in Heart Failure Patients" attempts to explore the experience of heart failure patients in adhering to a low sodium diet. The writer notes that heart failure is a global healthcare problem that affects millions of people worldwide. Further, the writer points out that the management of heart failure includes a regimen of pharmacologic medications as well as an observation of non-pharmacologic interventions. The writer discusses the article and notes that physicians and nurse practitioners advise their patients to include a regular exercise regimen and a low-sodium diet into their daily lives. Despite the healthcare professionals' advice, patients with heart failure fail to adhere to a low sodium diet. The writer notes that this paper attempts to discover the reasons why patients fail to do so.

From the Paper
"This phenomenological approach aims to obtain an intuitive grasp of the phenomenon by analyzing, synthesizing, and describing its occurrences. A qualitative research design was used because it was believed to obtain straight and unembellished answers regarding a specific event. This study selected its 20 participants through convenience sampling. The inclusion criteria were the following: First, he must be diagnosed with heart failure due to left ventricular dysfunction with ejection fraction of less than 50%. Second, the patient must be advised to follow a low sodium diet. Third, he must not have any cognitive impairment that may limit him to complete the interview. Fourth, he must not be living in an extended care facility. Lastly, he must be on stable medical therapy without any major recent adjustments. Each participant must speak in English and received care at a health failure clinic in an academic medical center. Informed consent was obtained in each of the participant prior to the initiation of the experiment."

Tags:sodium, diet, interventions, patient

Abstract
This paper examines how Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527) and Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) can be assessed as theorists influenced by direct exposure to political failure and its resulting chaos. It looks as how Machiavelli suggested that the prince was a person who knew he could not have something for nothing, whereas Hobbes was inclined to place the citizen in similar shoes, needing to adjust to a directed social order aware that without small compromises, he would lose the order so needed and wanted to achieve his ambitions. The paper concludes that in the early 21st century, there is much in international political life to remind us of Machiavelli's "The Prince" and Hobbes' "The Leviathan" in different demonstrations of both leadership and political failure and how war, anarchy, alienation and social chaos do seem the prices of poor leadership approaches and the failure to provide what is needed.

Outline:
Introduction
Machiavelli on Political Failure
Hobbes on Political Failure
Lessons of being a Bad Leader, or a Bad Subject
Concluding Remarks

From the Paper
"Both Machiavelli and Hobbes had few illusions about human nature and the difficulties of governance. Machiavelli saw political failure as owing directly to the nature of the leader and whether or not he was a prince, in a person astute and evolved enough to wield power, and as Hobbes agreed in places but also expected subjects to understand that beyond a symbolic leader they needed to see their own culpability when political systems fell to pieces, that they were merely parts of the same organic social machine. Political failure meant that one party of another was not complying as necessary to make the machine function and that this should be recognized. In other words, whatever kind of leader or ruler was produced, human unwillingness to put cooperation ahead of competition and greed, or a failure to respect the law towards other anarchy would bring political failure's result in the anarchy of which human beings were also much afraid. "

Tags:leader, subject, war, social, chaos