From the Paper
" Of all modern political groups the Fabian Society of Great Britain may have remained truest to its name. Unlike all the Democratic, Socialist, Liberal, Labor, and Communist groups, the Fabian name referred to a strategy rather than to an ideology. The name was taken from the Roman general Fabius Cunctator whose fame rested on his skill at defeating superior forces by means of wily tactics, great patience, and the avoidance of full-scale confrontation. The Fabian Society, founded by Thomas Davidson in 1883, aimed at the introduction of a socialist state in Great Britain. Unlike many groups that advocated various forms of socialism, however, the Fabians rejected the idea of revolution in favor of gradual, evolutionary change in the existing political and economic structure. The Society experienced periods of low activity during more than a century of existence.."

Abstract
This paper begins by defining the term 'political culture' and then examines how this term relates to both Great Britain and Italy. It looks at the political origins and history of both states and compares the two. It then looks at the countries current political climates and explores whether there are any similarities.

Introduction
What is Political Culture?
Britain - The Politics of Continuity
Contemporary Politics
Italy - The Politics of Regionalism
Conclusions
References

From the Paper
"Upon first examination, one would think there no two political cultures in the world more unalike than those of Great Britain - the United Kingdom - and Italy, that comparing the two is like comparing a Yorkshire Pudding with a Calabrian Pasta. It is true that Great Britain is the first modern nation-state, and was such when the King of France ruled little more than the Ile de France and was not as great as his nobles. Italians were busy killing each other off in the internecine wars of small city-states as Britain founded the first great western empire since that founded by the Romans. The nation of Italy has only a bit more than 150 years as a unified state - one that has never settled into unification easily. Yet there are more things in common between these two cultures than one might suppose at first."

Tags:state, roman, regionalism, politics, continuity

Abstract
The paper discusses how for a brief time in the latter half of the 19th century, there was a huge increase in communications and cordial relations between Great Britain and China. However, this had nothing to do with friendship, or any kind of warm relationships. The paper explains that on the side of China, diplomacy seemed the wisest course of action for the faltering Ch'ing dynasty. On the British side, diplomacy was pursued purely in the interests of commerce. These two assertions can clearly be shown by examining relations between the two countries during the time period 1860 to 1864.

Tags:china, britain, 1860s

Abstract
The paper discusses why Great Britain pursued the aims it did and outlines the competing interests of other powers - such as Austria, Prussia, and Russia. The paper shows how it looks as though what Great Britain sought more so than anything else was a balance of power on the continent wherein France and Russia would be contained; it could be said that this balance was a failed one because the Russians certainly gained considerably at the negotiating table and the British were forced to see their plans for Poland (and even Saxony, to a lesser extent) fall by the way-side. The paper concludes that the Congress of Vienna helped Great Britain acquire vast new colonial territories but did not help the British make the continent any less susceptible to continental powers asserting themselves at the expense of their neighbours.

From the Paper
"The following paper will discuss how the interests of Great Britain were served by the final terms of the Congress of Vienna. In so doing, the paper will also discuss why Great Britain pursued the aims it did and will outline the competing interests of other powers - such as Austria, Prussia, and Russia. In the end, it looks as though what Great Britain sought more so than anything else was a balance of power on the continent wherein France and Russia would be contained; it could be said that this balance was a failed one (at least in part) because the Russians certainly gained considerably at the negotiating table and the British were forced..."

Tags:congress, vienna, britain

Abstract
The paper provides an outline of a future essay describing the faltering turnout rates in Great Britain in recent election cycles - including a recent EU election. The paper discusses what the apparent causes of all of this are and what the government is doing to combat the problem. Additionally, the paper looks at what is being done in other parts of the UK and if local initiatives should be given a wider application within the House of Commons.

From the Paper
"Introduction * Voter turnout has been very poor in recent elections - particularly among the young * This paper will examine the recent history of voter turnout in the United Kingdom..."

Tags:voter, turnout, britain

Abstract
This paper explains that the acts that united Ireland and Great Britain in 1801 remain in force in the United Kingdom although the 1983 Republic of Ireland's Statute Law Revision Act abolished completely the 1801 Ireland Act thus separating Ireland and Great Britain. Next, the author looks at the progression of the development of these acts from the 1702 death of King William III of Scotland and England to the growth of the home rule movement. Today, although the countries of Ireland and Great Britain are separated, the paper relates that their citizens have the right to vote and hold office in either country in which they live. The paper has end notes.

Table of Contents:
Background Information
History of Ireland in Early 1700
Acts of Passage
Union Flag
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Although farming in Ireland was managed by the fortunate English Protestants, the land was farmed by the highly unfortunate Irish Catholics and was dolefully unproductive. The Protestant land owners regularly lived in England and would lease their farms to squirrel's who subdivided the pricey yet unproductive land to the Catholic renters. In 1729, the Dean of Saint Patrick Cathedral and unnamed pamphleteer published a proposal which suggested the rich should consume the children of the less fortunate for the benefit of both parties . The case was different in the Northern side of Ulster for it had been colonized by the English and Scottish Protestants."

Tags:protestant catholic, agrarian secret societies, home rule, flag

Abstract
This paper argues that globalization has had some striking consequences for the people of Great Britain, for the people of Europe (principally Western Europe) and for the social policies geared towards assisting them. At the same time, though, it must not be thought that the British welfare state has contracted because of the pressure brought to bear upon it by globalization; if anything, the recent evidence is that it has grown under the Blair government. However, whether or not the "improved" social welfare state is actually benefiting the victims of globalization is another matter entirely. In any event, the next several pages suggest that globalization has been a negative force in the lives of working-class people and that, even if it has not quite led to the contraction of social welfare policies in Europe and in the UK, it has certainly served as the external impetus keeping governments from doing all they might on behalf of the less-fortunate. As a final point, the paper asserts that France has been relatively more resistant to the de-centralizing forces of globalization than either Britain and Germany, but there is simply no evidence that any of these three major countries have been able to escape the neo-liberal pressures of the global marketplace.

From the Paper
"The following paper will argue that globalization has had some striking consequences for the people of Great Britain, for the people of Europe (principally Western Europe) and for the social policies geared towards assisting them. At the same time, though, it must not be thought that the British welfare state has contracted because of the pressure brought to bear upon it by globalization; if anything, the recent evidence is that it has grown under the Blair government. However, whether or not the "improved" social welfare state is actually benefiting the victims of globalization is another matter entirely. In any event, the next several ..."

Tags:welfare, state, Germany, England

Abstract
This paper argues that globalization has had some striking consequences for the people of Great Britain, for the people of Europe (principally Western Europe) and for the social policies geared towards assisting them. The paper suggests that globalization has been a negative force in the lives of working-class people and that, even if it has not quite led to the contraction of social welfare policies in Europe and in the UK, it has certainly served as the external impetus keeping governments from doing all they might on behalf of the less-fortunate. As a final point, the final part of this paper asserts that France has been relatively more resistant to the de-centralizing forces of globalization than either Britain and Germany, but there is simply no evidence that any of these three major countries have been able to escape the neo-liberal pressures of the global marketplace.

From the Paper
"At the same time as the United Kingdom finds itself burdened with a society that is more polarized than ever before, it must also be borne in mind that the state - courtesy globalization - is seen by many has having less control over internal matters than ever before. Furthermore, countries like Great Britain have been forced to acknowledge that the new logic of globalization splits apart the traditional coupling of economic growth with an increase in social standards; in other words, a country can grow more economically powerful without necessarily seeing the living standards of many of its working-class families increase (Mishra, 1998)."

Tags:working-class, economic, growth, social, standards

Abstract
This paper deals with many concepts of modern international relations, such as the departure from the bipolar system of the Cold war and how, with the united Europe, the world may be headed back to a bipolar system. The paper also explores how, beyond just being allies, the united Europe positions itself as an economical adversary of the United States. Finally, the essay explores the role of Great Britain in the formation of the European Union, while looking into the British refusal to enter it completely, as with acceptance of a single currency.

From the Paper
"The European Union has been a formidable geo-political and economic institution for the past forty years. It has not always existed as we see it today. To obtain today's form it has evolved in a similar fashion to other multi-lateral bodies in the world as well as some countries, such as the United States. The idea of a United Europe evolved from the ardent advocacy of former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill. On the 19th of September 1946, at Zurich University, he promoted the idea of a United States of Europe. From that moment on the European states began the Herculean task of coordinating economic agreements the most prominent of which is the new Exchange Rate Mechanism, or the "Euro," and other multi-national decisions that would be the beginning phases of economic, and in-turn governmental, integration in Europe. As Nigel Lawson stated; Economic and monetary union implies nothing less than European government. The first effect of this growing movement was the implementation of the Euro as a means of continental transaction amongst the member states in 1998 and the eventual full integration of the Euro among the member nations as of January 1, 2002."

Tags:blair, british, euro, europe, hegemon, kingdom, nafta, states, thatcher, united

Abstract
This paper discusses 19th century Britain and focuses on the political, social, and economic reforms that took place during this era. The paper explains that the reform in the British government between 1831 and 1850 greatly aided in the dynamic changes within England based on the economic, political, and social agendas held by the various political parties. The paper claims that these reforms were a necessary adjunct to English history, for they made the country stronger and more cohesive, helped immensely during the coming years of the 20th century when England would be tested to its limits in the 'Great War' of 1914 and World War II.

From the Paper
"Between 1831 and 1850, Great Britain experienced numerous economical, political and social problems that threatened to literally tear the country apart. For many of those associated with the English government, especially the men that sat in the House of Lords and the House of Commons, it was clear that after the disastrous war with the American Colonies that England must somehow reform its laws and statutes that mostly affected the middle and lower classes. Thus, many new bills and acts were passed that in essence served as the dynamic process for change in Great Britain. The Industrial Revolution, which had vastly altered the social and economic face of England between 1750 and 1850, brought about the need for change, for it "posed a set of technical administrative problems which no. . . party, Whig or Tory, was capable of handling" and forced the British government to seek out "a fresh interpretation of the duties of government" (Churchill 23-24)."

Tags:house, lords, commons, industrial, revolution