Abstract In this paper the author looks at various explosive disorders suffered by children and the symptoms that they demonstrate. In particular the author looks at intermittent explosive disorder, defiant disorder, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress syndrome, bipolar disorder and Tourette's syndrome. The author moves on to discuss what the warning signals are and how adults can help child sufferers.
From the paper:
?Explosive behaviors in these children are hard for adults to understand. Many parents assume that the child is deliberately provoking them. On examination this view doesn"t hold up to scrutiny. It doesn"t seem likely that a child is thinking clearly when in the middle of a raging meltdown, and it seems unlikely that a child would choose to act in a way that makes both him and those he loves most extremely unhappy.?
Abstract This paper explains that, although the original bureau is 200 years old, in 2003, the ATF was transferred from the Treasury Department to the Justice Department; its name was somewhat changed, with the word ?explosives? being added to make clear one of its major, long-standing fields of expertise. The author points out that the ATF forerunner agency performed a key role in the national movement to abolish the commercial sale of beer, wine, and whiskey under the 18th Amendment of the Constitution, which was approved in 1919. The paper stresses that the backbone of the ATF is the examiners who inspect records of firearms dealers, explosives businesses, and alcohol beverage producers;they substantiate inventories and work to make sure of product veracity.
From the Paper "The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) has over the years been allocated a series of tasks that were not always clearly related, as suggested by its name, and different from the Internal Revenue Service and the Drug Enforcement Agency. This historic setback may have relieved to a substantial level when most of the ATF was moved form the Treasury Department to the Justice Department on January 24, 2003. The ATF was for many years a basic source of federal income, while the comparative significance of this role going after alcohol and tobacco excise taxes weakened with America's espousal of the income tax. Recently, even the law enforcement part of this relatively small agency had endeavored to cover a great deal of ground. In the arousal of grave bombing events, expert ATF programs were established to give specialist help."
Abstract This paper examines how everything the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) does is designed to keep the American public safe. The paper explains that ATF has always tackled the controversial issues such as alcohol and firearm control, smoking bans and explosives limitations. The paper looks at how the ATF has to balance its regulations in order to protect American citizens and businesses without infringing on rights. The paper then points out that the ATF needs to work on some areas, but in general, it is successfully serving and protecting the public.
Outline:
Thesis
AT F - A History
Duties and Regulations
Regulations - Societal or Economic
Problem Solving
By the Book
How Are They Doing
Conclusion
From the Paper "The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives has been evolving since the late 1700s, when the first Congress enacted a tax on imported spirits to pay for debts incurred during the Revolutionary War. At that time, agents collected taxes through the Department of Treasury. In 1862, by Act of 1, Congress created the Office of Internal Revenue within the Treasury Department. This new office was responsible for collecting taxes on distilled spirits and tobacco products.
Congress added enforcement as a component of the ATF in 1863 when it authorized the addition of three detectives for the purpose of preventing, detecting and punishing tax evaders."
Abstract This paper explores the truth behind the different theories that have been used to explain why our world is overpopulated: climatic change, the industrial revolution, medical advances, dietary improvements and the infamous Brown Rat theory.
From the Paper "The world is overpopulated. This is a fact widely accepted by sociologists and the general population alike. However, overpopulation has not always been an issue. It therefore becomes necessary to ask: When did this happen? What caused it to happen? Was it a result of one or many factors? This paper addresses these questions and identify the factor (or factors) that have resulted in the population explosion. "
Tags: advances, black, brown, change, climatic, dietary, explosion, factors, history, industrial, medical, overpopulation, plague, population, rat, reasons, revolution, theory
Abstract This paper examines the causes of eruptions and the difference between explosive and non-explosive eruptions. It also studies the effects of volcanic eruptions on people and the environment. It concludes with a discussion on recent eruptions in Hawaii and on the island of Montserrat.
From the Paper "Volcanoes are mountains that are created by an accumulation of materials that erupt through vents. Most volcanoes are beneath the sea but the volcanoes that most people are aware of are above sea level. The Smithsonian Institution reports that there are 1511 active above-sea volcanoes during the past 10,000 years. Five hundred and thirty-nine of these have erupted at least once during recorded history. An average fifty-five above-sea volcanoes worldwide are active in any given year; about half of these are continuations of eruptions from previous years, and the rest are new.("Volcano") The purpose of this discussion is to examine why eruptions occur and the difference between explosive and non-explosive eruptions. We will also explore the effects of volcanic eruptions on people and the environment. Finally we will discuss recent eruptions in Hawaii and on the island of Montserrat."
Abstract This paper examines the physics behind gun silencers, whose task it is is to take an explosive discharge of hot gases, which is the result of a controlled explosion in a tiny space, and eliminate the sound. It provides a brief biography of Hiram Maxim, the inventor of the machine gun, gas motor, mouse trap, and the first firearm silencer / noise suppressor, and the history of the development of the silencer over the years. It also discusses the dynamics of the gasses created in the explosion and evaluates the dynamics of an effective gun silencer design.
Outline
Sound Dynamics
Gas Dynamics
Gun Silencer Design
Disclaimer
From the Paper "The explosion which is caused by igniting the powder in a fire arm munitions creates not only compressed air waves, and thus sound, but the explosion also introduces an additional volume of gas into the gun barrel which must also be diminished if the silencer is to effectively muzzle the sound. The gases take up volume in the barrel, increasing the speed at which the air travels. The additional gases also compress the air. So the explosion contributed to the sound in both of the ways described in the table above. In order to counteract these forces, the gas volume, and the compression level of the gasses must both be diminished."
Abstract This paper describes the nuclear explosions conducted by the U.S. Department of Defense on the Marshall Islands from June 30, 1946 until August 18, 1958. The paper looks at the damage caused by the testing, the media's involvement in exposing the damage and how the U.S. responded to legal actions brought against the U.S. government by Marshallese living on the islands at the time of the nuclear explosions.
From the Paper "From June 30, 1946 until August 18, 1958, the United States Government conducted a total of 67 nuclear explosions off the Marshall Islands, "all of which were considered atmospheric" (Republic of the Marshall Islands 1). The most horrific of these blasts was the 'Bravo Shot,' conducted in the Bikini Atoll on March, 1954. This blast was as powerful as 1000 hydrogen bombs (1) and much more devastating than the 1945 Hiroshima blast. However, the full extent of the destruction was clouded by governmental reticence for years, due to Cold War defense secrecy."
Abstract This paper supplies a description of the role of the Ordnance Corps. It shows their importance and explains their speciality - responsibility for all explosives. It explains how this corps' expertise contributed to the success of the Allies winning the Second World War. It shows that the Battle of the Bulge was a turning point of the war and how this corps was extremely involved in its success.
From the Paper "As we move into this new phase of warfare where anthrax is being mailed to civilians and we bomb Afghanistan daily we are reminded of past wars and battles that we have taken part in and come out the victor. The Battle of the Bulge is one of the most famous battles in history. It happened during World War II and the role the Ordnance Corps played in the battle-helped drive us to success."
Tags: war, explosive, battle, world, bulge, weapon
Abstract This paper discusses how, like most tragic or unusual events in history, the 1986 NASA Challenger explosion offers a hindsight perspective of what "went wrong" and what "should have been done" to prevent the loss of lives.
From the Paper "The United States? government, NASA officials, airspace scientists, engineers, educators, public interest groups, and the media alike, immediately jumped on the band wagon to explain the events that led up to the tragedy. President Reagan initiated an independent commission to investigate all of the parties involved, while NASA, the media, and the scientific community pointed fingers, called names, and "explained away" with great political finesse the behavior and choices that ultimately led to explosion. Very much like the Salem Witch Hunt Trials, people were questioned and re-questioned concerning their thoughts and actions. Reporters, academicians, social scientists, culturalists, authors, and even, folk song writers, seized the moment to "glean and explain" the events and the ?lessons learned.? The author, Diane Vaughan, is one of many, who attempted to offer, for a nominal fee of $20+ tax per copy, a "cultural-contextual" explanation of people's thoughts and behavior before and after the explosion. Based on the reading of Dr. Vaughan's book as well as a review of other articles and reports, below is an outline of some of the "lessons learned" from the Challenger accident."
This paper discusses the hip-hop movement, or more specifically gangsta rap beginning in 1992, as an example of a pop music explosion similar to Beatlemania.
Abstract This paper explains that a pop music explosion, such as hip-hop, (1) creates a cultural upheaval of class and race, (2) distinguishes a youth subculture, (3) changes the way people think and act, (4) influences a broad shift in sexual mores, political beliefs and economic aspirations and (5) establishes a pervasive sense of chaos. The author points out that gangsta rap is a form of raw, urban social commentary written by and intended for poor minority youths; however, its appeal has broadened widely. The paper relates that the hip-hop movement of this generation has produced a myriad of fads and styles such as showy gold jewelry, baggy pants, designer name t-shirts, furs and expensive running shoes with which hip-hoppers blur the class lines by wearing clothes, like Ralph Lauren and Kaygol, typically sported by rich people.
From the Paper "In the late 1980s and 1990s rap music became a medium used to express dissent and attack the government and law enforcement agencies, longtime persecutors of the black community. Rappers like Public Enemy, NWA, and Eric B. used their music to spread a message about social, political and economic issues. Turmoil ensued in 1992 when ex-NWA rapper, Ice Cube, released Body Count featuring "Cop Killer"."
This paper examines the resulting effects due to the recent population explosion which include: Hunger, depletion of fossil fuels, pollution and global warming, as well as the various strategies available to halt these same effects.
Abstract The writer of this paper explores the negative effects and consequences due to the recent population explosion which include: Overcrowding, hunger, pollution, deforestation, global warming, crime and the loss of nature's bio diversity. One of the biggest obstacles, due to the increase in the population, is the depletion of the world's fossil fuel resources. The writer stresses the need for stricter environmental guidelines as well as birth rate control regulations. This paper defines the earth's depleting fossil fuel as a broad term for three sources of energy: Petroleum, natural gas and coal. All three were formed millions of years ago during the age of dinosaurs, hence the name fossil fuels. The energy comes from decomposed plant and animal matter. Once these fuels are depleted they cannot be renewed. This paper examines the benefits to the environment in utilizing renewable energy as an alternative to the earth's dwindling fossil fuel reserves. The paper also details various environmentally sound strategies that would aid in preserving the earth's remaining resources.
From the Paper "Fossil fuel is a broad term for three sources of energy: petroleum, natural gas, and coal. All three were formed millions of years ago during the age of dinosaurs-hence the name fossil fuels. The energy comes from decomposed plant and animal matter. Energy Quest, a major educational service on the World Wide Web describes the origin of fossil fuels: When plants and dinosaurs and other ancient creatures died, they decomposed and became buried, layer upon layer under the ground. It took millions of years to form these layers into a hard, black colored rock-like substance called coal; a thick liquid called oil or petroleum, and natural gas. Petroleum and natural gas are extracted from deep deposits below the Earth's surface."
Abstract This paper examines how, due to the increased danger of explosions and the growing number of terrorist threats, several investigative measures are undertaken at crime scenes, along with procedures that enhance the work of law enforcement specialists and legal practitioners, in order to reach a definite improvement in identification, collection, and analysis of bombing scenes. The paper further looks at how these efforts are united and how they are significant as they present effective informative tools of bomb scene investigation, focused solely on achieving positive outcomes.
From the Paper "Bomb and explosives threats present prolonged dangers since the global terrorist networks acquired unexpected huge sizes. Daily news reveals alarming facts and details about occurred bombings around the world, especially in turbulent regions as the Middle East. Therefore, effective responding to such issues is a priority of bomb detection and investigation squads. They unite their efforts, professionalism, and proved skills, in the hard, non-fading fight against the phenomenon caused huge negative consequences to humanity: terrorism. This uneasy task implies complex problems to be solved at different stages, and relevant bomb investigation with all required procedures completed is one of the facets of the issue."
Abstract This paper discusses radiological dispersion devices (RDDs) and analyzes how easy they are to access and to construct. The paper then discusses which nations are likely to have access to RDDs. In addition, the paper analyzes the effects that can be expected for those who are exposed to an explosion of RDD and the damage that they cause in the form of gamma, beta and alpha emitters.
From the Paper "One other nation that comes to mind is Iran. This country's harboring of terrorist organizations (just the sort of organizations that are most likely to utilize RDD weaponry) is commonly-known but what is arguably less-appreciated (at least by the general public) is its close historic relationship to the aforementioned Russia. To wit, Russia has historically made many contributions to Iran's nuclear weapons program and is generally perceived as a nation that enjoys a substantial diplomatic relationship with Iran (Orlov & Vinnikov, 2005). As a result, it is quite easy to see terrorist organizations residing within Iran - and looking for low-tech and cost-effective weapons to unleash upon the west - using Iranian contacts within Russia to secure RDDs. At the very least, radioactive material such as Strontium-90 can find its way within Iran's borders from Russia with troubling ease."
Abstract This paper explains that the tragedy of the Sago Mining crisis, one of the worst mining-related disasters in United States history, goes beyond the deaths of the miners and includes a vast network of miscommunication and uncoordinated response, which were partially responsible for the wide-spread death caused by the explosion. The paper presents a case study of this crisis that includes an in-depth overview of the crisis timeline, with pre-crisis, crisis and post-crisis events, and an analysis of the crisis management plan and its implementations. The paper concludes that the crisis management failures were a lack of communication, especially underground, because of out-of-date technologies, rescue process plan and the rescue teams.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Research Questions
Crisis Timeline
Methods of Research
Analysis
Conclusion
Implications
From the Paper "Prior to the Sago Mine explosion, the Federal Mine Safety and Health Administration cited the Sago mine two hundred and eight separate times for regulation violations in 2005 alone. Out of these, ninety-six were considered to be significant and substantial violations. Further, the West Virginia Office of Miners' Health, Safety and Training issued 144 citations on Sago Mines in 2005, many of them for violations that were most likely factors in causing the accident (such as a failure to maintain control over methane and dust accumulation or fix shafts)."
