Abstract
In this paper the author questions the right of the "white" Europeans to take over and destroy the good soil of Australia.He questions the actions of the white Australians and highlights the history and rights of the Aborigines to his land, quoting many sources. The paper concludes that the Aborigines know the land better and he justifies their right to look after the land and not let it be destroyed.

From the Paper
" The problem with those of us who consider ourselves "civilized" and "up to date" is that we specialize, first in genocide, then in the rape of nature, and then create new specialties to repair the damage. Before the Europeans came, the Aborigines had no worries about the Ozone layer, or mastering a driver's test. Cricket, to them, was the sound of Nature at work, not some distant test match."

Tags:outposts, outback, land, civilization, virging, soil, rape

Abstract
The paper discusses how the First Nations land claims, an ongoing saga in Canadian political and legal circles, are as a result of the Aboriginal culture's different attitudes towards land and property. The paper refers to the book "Green Grass Running Water" by Thomas King and shows how it partly reflects the differences between Aboriginal and white Canadian society in their distinct understandings of land and property.

Outline:
Introduction
Distinct Cultures, Distinct Concepts
The Roots of Difference
Lost in Translation

From the Paper
"One of the fascinating aspects of the interaction of First Nations culture and European settler culture in the early years of Canada was how the two peoples often seemed to be speaking as "cross purposes" to one another. This applies particularly to the concept of land and its use. While both First Nations peoples and European settlers saw the land as a resource that could be used to support human survival, the First Nations peoples seem to have been surprised at the devastation the European settlers imposed on the environment that had supported Aboriginal populations for centuries."

Tags:property, settlers, wildlife, buffalo, Europeans

Abstract
This paper examines the Aborigines of Australia who are said to have arrived on the continent over 50,000 years ago, blending into the already existent population and thus creating perhaps the most physically diverse population in the world. This paper details the differences in conceptions of land ownership between the Australian Aborigines and European colonists. The writer of this paper describes how the Aborigines had developed their own society, culture and rules for land ownership which were inexcusably overlooked by the European invaders. When Europe began to encroach upon the territories of the Aborigines, the latter group simply adapted resourcefully and made new claims. This paper explores the various countries and nations that laid claim to Australia, including the Dutch, British and Spain While the Aborigines claimed Australia through ancestral travels, the Dutch and British justified their possession by initial landing rights and the Spanish laid their claim based on religious doctrine. The British extended their claim to the entire continent by 1826 with the stroke of a legislative pen. This writer of this paper describes how the conflict was furthermore exacerbated by the fact that Aborigines and Europeans had differing conceptions of private property.

From the Paper
"Although the Aborigines lived according to such ancient beliefs for thousands of years, their fate would soon be doomed according to a very different system of territorial claims formulated 10000 miles away, in Europe. While the Aborigines justifiably had divided Australian lands into their own territories, the newly 'discovered' continent would soon come into a three-way struggle for possession as Britain, Holland, and Spain each claimed Australia separately, none of these claims based on right of ancestors, but on religious, economic, and political rationales. The Spanish and Portuguese, in search of southern trade routes and the legendary Terra Australis, had touched on the continent of Australia."

Tags:land, europe, britain, dutch, spain, religion, culture, conflict

Abstract
This paper examines in-depth the issue of Aboriginal self-government in Canada and its implications for public administration in the country. The paper further shows how this approach has already remolded itself to suit the new reality of self-government. The paper also considers the history of aboriginal self-government in Canada and how attitudes expressed in the laws of the land kept aboriginals from exercising their full rights.

From the Paper
" The following paper/report is about aboriginal self-government, how it came about, and what it means for public administration in Canada. In the end, the class will hopefully learn about the evolution of Canadian public administration vis-AfA -vis natives and why it has taken on the shape it has. Structure of the paper/presentation * History of the phenomenon (some basic terms, such as "assimilation"..."

Tags:aboriginal, self, government

Abstract
The paper explains that when Europeans colonized the land, the native inhabitants become a class of citizens that were treated as different and inferior to the conquering classes. The paper relates that as liberal western democracy attempts to establish equal rights for all citizen groups and as native groups learn how to press their claims, competing claims for land and treasure have been raised. The paper explores whether aboriginal rights can coexist with other rights and posits that coexistence is possible and even necessary, within the systems of government that Canadians have developed.

From the Paper
"When the European colonizers established colonies throughout the North American continent, they came into contact and conflict with the native inhabitants that had dwelt in the land for centuries. Their initial contacts were colored by curiosity and concern on the part of both natives and colonizers. However, as colonies were established and the European hunger for land proved incessant, concern became alarm and even progressed to war in many cases. Colonizers were viewed as invaders by natives and the natives were viewed as uncivilized savages by colonists. The colonists' push across the continent resulted in land being contested and treaties being formulated, altered, and broken."

Tags:colonies, Europeans, native, inhabitants, ownership, self-rule, land

Abstract
The paper argues that Paul Tennant's article, "Aboriginal Peoples and Aboriginal Title in British Columbia Politics," makes a significant contribution to our understanding of contemporary governance in Canada's westernmost province. The paper shows how by highlighting the historic neglect of native land claims by provincial officials, Tennant's work illuminates why so many native British Columbians are angry at the province - and why they are so determined to see justice done today. The paper also discusses how the article shows how the British Columbian government's efforts to appease native land claims today is rooted, in some way, in an understanding that native title to provincial lands was historically - even if not very enthusiastically - recognized on some level by the Crown. Finally, the paper asserts that the article is exemplary because it shows the evolution of provincial recognition of native land claims over time.

From the Paper
"The following paper will argue that Paul Tennant's article, "Aboriginal Peoples and Aboriginal Title in British Columbia Politics," makes a significant contribution to our understanding of contemporary governance in Canada's westernmost province. Specifically, by highlighting the historic neglect of native land claims by provincial officials, Tennant's work illuminates why so many native British Columbians are angry at the province - and why they are so determined to see justice done today. At the same time, by citing, among other things, the original 1763 Royal..."

Tags:aboriginal, land, title

Abstract
This essay deals with aboriginals and their art. It concerns the tribal peoples of Arnhem Land, a portion of the Northern Territory of Australia in which there are still large numbers of aboriginals living and carrying on the artistic traditions of their ancestors. It disusses the mythical culture, the Dreamtime, which binds the aboriginals to their culture.

From the Paper
"The aboriginals are the native peoples of Australia. These peoples are extremely important to anthropology, being perhaps the most studied of all peoples in the world. Indeed, they are central to defining anthropology, and to our understanding of what anthropology can say about modern man: the Western conception of man in nature, the whole idea of man's evolution, and the very nature of our inquiries into the notion of "primitiveness" have dealt with the problem of defining who the Aboriginals are, what they mean, and what they tell us about ourselves. . . . For if anthropology is the understanding or even the appropriation of..."

Tags:aboriginal, art, australia

Abstract
This paper focuses on the phenomenon of First Nations protests over land claims in contemporary Canada, which it explains are a regular occurrence. Characteristic of these protests is an apparent disconnect between First Nations peoples and mainstream Canadian society over the concept of land. While most Canadians tend to understand land in terms of property values, and resale potential in real estate markets, the paper notes, it is clear from such confrontations as Oka in the 1990s and the recent protests last year in southern Ontario, that Aboriginal Canadians perceive the land and their relationship to it in a radically different sense.

From the Paper
"In contemporary Canada the phenomenon of First Nations protests over land claims are a regular occurrence. Characteristic of these protests is an apparent disconnect between First Nations peoples and mainstream Canadian society over the concept of land. While most Canadians tend to understand land in terms of property values, and resale potential in real estate markets, it is clear from such confrontations as Oka in the 1990s and the recent protests last year in southern Ontario, that Aboriginal Canadians ..."

Tags:aboriginal, dispute, reservation, people

Abstract
This paper is an exploration of the effects the fur trade had on Europeans and the native people of Canada. The paper includes a perspective that illustrates how the fur trade proved to be quite beneficial for Europeans, but had the opposite effect on the native peoples of Canada: Although the Natives had long engaged in trade among various Aboriginal tribes, their trading relationship with the Europeans negatively altered their entire culture. The paper also includes several factors that proved to be detrimental for Native society such as an increased reliance on European goods, as well as the introduction and spread of disease through contact with European colonists and the aggravated tensions between neighboring nations over trading rights and dwindling beaver
populations.

From the Paper
"The Aboriginal people of Canada had not "only traded with other tribes prior to the start of the fur trade, but ... had developed a code or set of conventions that governed the manner in which trade was conducted" . For them, trade was nothing new and at the outset, most "First Nations did not perceive the fur trade as posing any danger to their independence". This was a serious miscalculation by the Natives as their increased reliance on European goods changed everything from their diets to daily activities, changing their entire culture as they knew it. The "fur trade transformed the coastal groups from hunters and fishers into trappers"2 so that many tribes could no longer adequately collect food for the winter and had to depend instead on dried European goods. As "trade with the French increased, the Huron began to appreciate French goods and to want more of them"1. These goods included items such as metal awls, kettles and needles and other "luxury items, such as cloth and European beads".1 The main item that the French wanted was beaver pelts- which were in increasingly high demand in Europe- and it is because of this that the Huron most likely began "expanding their trade with the north at this time in order to secure these furs in larger quantities".1 These actions, "in turn, required the Native tribes to the North to spend more time trapping than focusing on some of their "day-to-day worries about survival.""

Tags:Aboriginal, Canada, tribes, governed, nations

Abstract
This essay demonstrates the erratic history of indigenous land claims in Australia, from the colonial period to advancements made under legislative modernization today. The paper begins with a quote by Mudrooroo, to show just how frustrating the situation is. The paper concludes that Indigenous Australians are finally being recognized as the original owners of this country, although much needs to be done before the struggle is over.

From the Paper
"In 1788, the Indigenous people were violently deprived of their land rights. Their struggle for the return of these rights has proved a tumultuous journey through the history of Australia, often exposing fundamentally racist beliefs and laws. Recent legislation has paved the way for greater victories for Indigenous Australians, although the extent to which even these are just remains questionable."

Tags:aborigine, land, law, mabo, dreamtime