Abstract
This paper uses some of Drakulic's examples of cleavages between Eastern and Western Europe to define the obstacles that stand before a united Europe. It points out that language barriers, currency, nationalism, and distrust are but a few of the aspects that keep Eastern and Western Europe divided, yet many political scientists see a future for Europe in which these cleavages dissolve.

From the Paper
"Through encounters with border police, stories of traveling, hygiene, and personal accounts across Europe, Slavenka Draculic, author of Cafe Europa captures many aspects of the strong social and economic cleavages that continue to divide Eastern and Western Europe. The question provoked by the book, that is, the future for Eastern Europe and its acceptance by the West, is a complex one."

Tags:communism, croatia, drakulic, europe

Abstract
The paper is an examination and review of T.R. Reid's book "The United States of Europe". The author of the paper contends that for the greater part of the 20th century following World War II, Europe has sought to rebuild, reorganize and remake itself into a viable economic force in the modern world and that Reid's book helps us understand the process that the continent of Europe has undergone. The writer focuses primarily on Reid's description and analysis of the development of the European Union as a force for social and economic development.

From the Paper
"During the early 20th century the continent of Europe was subjected to two devastating conflicts. Historians would dub these conflicts as World War I and World War II. Never before had the world seen such death and destruction, all in a span of 30 years. From the smoking rubble and bloody carnage, that was Europe following World War II, was born the idea of a United Europe. This inspiration was born and brought forth by a group of visionaries that today are celebrated for their ideas and achievements. The visionaries that I speak of, some already lauded for their wartime accomplishments were none other than Winston Churchill, the former Prime Minister of Britain, Robert Schumann, an infamous French underground fighter, who would later also become Prime Minister of France and a little known brandy salesman whose name was Jean Monnet."

Tags:world war europe union socialism, winston churchill, robert schumann, jean monnet, maastricht treaty

Abstract
This paper reviews the history and development of a unified Europe. The paper looks at a number of changes that happened in Europe between 1945-1991. Particular interest is given to the European Community and how it eventually led to the European Union due to higher and higher levels of co-operation.

From the Paper
"The continent known as Europe has a long and complicated history. Much of that history has involved conflicts of various types between various countries. Because European countries tended to fight with each other there was no concept of a unified Europe before 1945. The concept of a unified Europe did not appear suddenly. Instead the concept of a unified Europe was the result of a number of economic, social and political trends that slowly developed from 1945 to 1991 and are still developing today. However, not all of these trends developed at the same rate."

Tags:ec, unified, europe

Abstract
This paper discusses regional integration in Europe and its advantages and disadvantages. The EU and its potential contribution to Europe's economic development for global business is examined.

From the Paper
"Regional integration; the tendency of economic linkages with neighbouring countries to grow faster than with more distant countries and regions. It is one of the most prominent strategies for many countries competing in today's globalized economy. Although ostensibly it would seem more advantageous to pursue global strategies in a world undergoing rampant globalization, many multinational corporations are finding that regional strategies are actually more viable than global ones. (Morrison, Ricks and Roth) One study found that multinational corporations should focus on strengthening their regional competitiveness instead of developing..."

Tags:regional integration, Europe, EU, economic development, global business, advantages, disadvantages

Abstract
The paper compares and contrasts Western Europe and the North American core (the United States and Canada) in terms of politics, population, culture, government and history. The paper looks at the common history and culture shared by the American Core and Western Europe. The paper also touches upon the issue of diversity.

From the Paper
"Western Europe and the North American core i.e. the United States and Canada, are two regions of the world that share a great deal. Like Anglo-America, Western Europe ranks as among the most economically developed regions of the world. The level of development is comparable to Anglo-America in the region's core area which includes the western part of the Federal Republic of Germany, north eastern France, Switzerland, southern Scandinavia, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg."

Tags:Western Europe, North America, cultural geography

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to contrast and evaluate two different perspectives on the changes taking place in Europe. The first is Jean Baudrillard's "The Pyres of Autumn" from the New Left Review magazine. This portrays rising resistance and terrorism as evidence of the collapse of Western civilization. The second piece is George Weigel's "Europe: Two Culture Wars" from the Commentary magazine. The paper explains how Weigel takes a different stance and blames radical secularism for weakening European values and paving the way for attacks from radical outside forces.

From the Paper
"In the past several months and years, various Western European nations have undergone significant tumult from both internal stressors and external threats. Terrorism has long affected European nations, but the intensity of these attacks in European cities has increased in the last few years. Simultaneously, domestic unrest has led to riots and strikes in many nations, most recently France. Almost all critics of the situation in Western Europe agree upon this state of affairs. However, the root causes and what can be done about it (if anything) varies significantly depending on the source. The purpose of this study will be to contrast and evaluate two different perspectives on the changes taking place in Europe. The first is Jean Baudrillard's "The Pyres of Autumn" from New Left Review."

Tags:article, contrast, europe

Abstract
This paper discusses the ancient roots of Nordic Aryans in Europe, including why they perceive themselves to be a pure race. It expands on the entrance of IndoEuropeans to Europe. The author explores why the Nordic Aryans are considered a race.

Tags:Balts, Celts, Germans, Slavs, Europe, migration, race, culture, metalworking

Abstract
This paper explains why economic development was such a crucial question in Eastern Europe during the period 1918-1939. The three countries discussed are Hungary, Poland, and Romania.

Tags:EUROPEAN STUDIES (HISTORY, CULTURE) / EASTERN EUROPE, RUSSIA, development eastern europe

Abstract
This paper reviews the landmark book "Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison," written by French philosopher Michel Foucault which explores the development of punishment in Europe. This fact-filled paper details and describes the stages of public torture used in 18th century Europe as well as the more modern incarceration techniques, some of which are still in use today. This paper discusses the system of old monarchical law in which the body of the criminal belonged to the sovereign and torture and public execution were frequently used. The goal of the prison system was, and still is, to reform criminals by way of physical and behavior modification which is forced upon them behind prison walls.

From the Paper
"Both the old monarchical system of punishment and the newer system of incarceration relied upon coercion. The old monarchical system was obviously coercive, since punishment was public and severe. The sovereign had possession of the convict's body; the state could therefore do as it saw fit. Similarly, the prison system was coercive since it forced prisoners to abide by extremely rigid schedules. Prisoners had set wake-up times, set work times, set meals times. Within the system, there were punishments for deviating from the routine. The gentle way in punishment, however, attempted to be not coercive, but persuasive. There were several ways in which the gentle way in punishment attempts to be persuasive. One way was through the lack of arbitrariness of punishment. Punishment must be seen as being inseparably linked to the particular crime."

Tags:history, criminal, justice, incarceration, europe, torture, prison, jail

Abstract
This paper explains that the Concert of Europe was an arrangement set up by the Congress of Vienna in 1815. The author points out that it consisted of a loose agreement between four great powers---Russia, Prussia, Britain and Austria---to keep the peace and maintain territorial integrity. The paper relates that this body set itself up to settle disputes in Europe and preserve the status quo in terms of boundaries.

From the Paper
"After the defeat of Napoleon, the Congress of Vienna was held in to recreate the balance of power and set new boundaries and to guard against future French hegemony. It also dealt with international issues such as the slave trade, the rules of ..."

Tags:Concert of Europe, Congress of Vienna