Abstract
This paper looks at that question of whether advertising directed at children is ethical. It points out that the amount of advertising targeting children continues to grow. Children view an estimated 360,0000 advertisements on television before graduating from high school. The paper also claims that, not until the early 1970s, was advertising directed at children seen as a problem in the United States. The paper argues that, although studies show that children under the age of seven cannot distinguish the difference between an advertisement and fact, there is little if any regulation of advertising directed at children within the United States. The paper compares the US to other countries, which have adopted the philosophy that advertising directed at children is immoral and have stepped in with varying levels of regulation. The paper concludes that, regarding television, it is unlikely there will be any restrictions placed on advertisers; however, with the proliferation of sites such as MySpace, YouTube, blogging, and other future technological advances to the Internet, there may eventually be a public outcry for more stringent regulations.

Outline:
Introduction
History of Advertising & Advertising to Children
Advertising and Its Impact on Children
Why So Much Emphasis on Advertising to Children?
Notable Examples of Advertising to Children
The Regulation of Advertising
Regulations in Other Countries
How Likely Change Is in the Future & Conclusion

From the Paper
"In the US, there are currently few policies or standards for food advertising and marketing aimed at children. The advertising industry maintains self-regulatory policies established by the Children's Advertising Review Unit (CARU) of the National Council of Better Business Bureaus. CARU's guidelines apply to all forms of children's advertising, but it has no legal authority over advertisers and can only seek voluntary compliance. CARU has a group of about 20 advisors and 35 supporters, many of whom are from the food industry, such as Burger King, Frito-Lay, McDonald's, General Mills, Nabisco and Hershey. The CARU voluntary guidelines list seven basic principles, which address areas such as product presentation and claims, endorsement and promotion by program characters, sales pressures, disclosures and disclaimers and safety concerns."

Tags:commercials, ads, television, campaign

Abstract
This paper discusses the response to the request for ethics information in relation to advertising, and the following considerations that should be noted prior to the interview meeting that is scheduled for the president and CEO. The first point the paper discusses is how the virtue theory contends that each individual within society has a moral and ethical obligation to not harm others in the social order. Virtue by nature is part of the character of the individual and must guide the person to act in a benevolent manner toward others.This benevolence is based on the concepts of virtue, wisdom, courage, temperance and justice. The paper further discusses how within the theory of virtue there is the consideration that all adults within society are responsible for teaching ethics to young children so that they will inevitably act in a virtuous manner within the social order.

Tags:ethics, memo, morals

Abstract
This paper examines how as the amount of advertising targeting children continues to grow, further questioning its ethics. The paper further points out that there is little if any regulation of advertising directed at children within the United States. This is compared with other countries which have adopted a very different philosophy, feeling that advertising directed at children is immoral, and have stepped in with varying levels of regulation.

From the Paper
"Is advertising directed at children ethical? This paper looks at that question as the amount of advertising targeting children continues to grow. It wasn't until the early 1970s that advertising directed at children was seen as a problem in the United States. But despite children viewing an estimated 360,0000 advertisements on television before graduating from high school, and studies that show that children under the age of seven cannot distinguish the difference between an advertisement and fact, there is little if any regulation of advertising directed at..."

Tags:advertising, ethical, children

Abstract
This paper explain that, when strategically analyzing cigarette advertising in Canadian, emphasis must be placed upon what could realistically be achieved given the range of conflicting interests of all of the stakeholders in this debate. The author points out that the Supreme Court of Canada in the mid-1990s struck down a carefully crafted Canadian government policy, which radically restricted advertising by tobacco companies. The paper stresses that any successful advertising strategy must form a balance between utility and rights. The author relates that the concept of rule utilitarianism is a normative ethical model that provides us with some guidance in developing a strategic approach. The paper states that this model suggests that the advertising must not only be considered in terms of pure utility but also in terms of what is practically achievable given the complex range of interested stakeholders.

From the Paper
"Within these parameters, a strategic approach would balance the utility to the Canadian public from less tobacco promotion with the rights of freedom of expression of the tobacco companies to sell their products. It would be likely, for example, that the courts would consider a ban on advertising in media where it may be easily encountered by minors/children to be an acceptable limitation on the tobacco companies' freedom of expression. For example, cigarette advertising could be banned from television, movies and radio, as these media have a considerable youth audience."

Tags:utilitarianism, rights, freedom, children, regulation

Abstract
This paper explains that subversive advertising tactics, such as product placement in schools, create a blur between general media and advertising. The paper further relates that, as schools begin to resort to money from marketing firms to make up lacking budgets, many ethical questions are raised, especially about in-school advertised products that have adverse health effects such as colas and about training children to be aware of specific brands such as for expensive clothing. The paper reports that many school systems have banned in-school advertising for the sake of their students; however, other schools continue to embrace the financial benefits.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Issues and Implications of In-School Advertising

From the Paper
"Though highly widespread, in-school advertising can be tracked by means of location as well as effectiveness. While few question whether such marketing techniques are effective, many more fear the adverse effects that have yet to be discovered. As these types of advertising techniques are relatively new and constantly evolving, few data is available on the exact psychological and physical implications beyond the scope of an educational facility. Given the young age and general impressionability of students, these advertisements likely lead to habitual product use, a greater issue if the product is high fat foods."

Tags:indirect, channel one, pouring rights, training impressionability

Abstract
The recent emergence of the Internet as a growing virtual marketplace has brought with it all the standard ethical dilemmas that face marketers in any other medium. But the nature of the Internet also raises fresh problems or, at least, puts a new spin on old ones.

From the Paper
"The recent emergence of the Internet as a growing virtual marketplace has brought with it all the standard ethical dilemmas that face marketers in any other medium. But the nature of the Internet also raises fresh problems or, at least, puts a new spin on old ones. The most prominent additions to marketers' ethical considerations are the exploitation of the direct, often interactive and largely unregulated, access to children offered by the Internet, the gathering of information by market researchers, the ease with which lines between information and advertising are blurred in this medium, and the use of consumer information in combination with new technologies such as e-mail. None of these problems is, in essence, new to marketing ethics, but all of them have gained increased importance because of the nature of the new medium."

Abstract
This paper addresses the key ethical conflicts for advertisers and marketers, including issues such as shock advertising, pester power and other issues which are often considered as ethically controversial. The paper considers the legal conflicts and also considers a number of case study examples, including those of Carlesberg Larger, Procter and Gamble and social marketing efforts on the behalf of the NSPCC and for the UK department for transport.

Outline:
Introduction
The Personal Nature of Ethics
Specific Issues in Relation to Advertising and the Law
Case studies
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Firstly before going on to consider some of the practical ethical issues which companies face in there marketing one must acknowledge a problem in marketing ethics which is largely the consideration that ethics are often a personal opinion. Whilst legal standards are those which society generally agrees upon to the extent that legislation is put in place which is enforceable in the courts (Jobber 2007) ethics on the other hand represent standards which may be disputed for instance in the marketing of products with genetically modified ingredients there are those such as Greenpeace who would argue that such practises are unethical. On the other hand there are those who see such technology as generally being beneficial to society in the race for food security (Ethical Corp 2010). As such this highlights the fact that even were a firms marketing efforts intend to be ethical the choices may be reflection of personal opinion rather than a true reflection of societies views at large. Directly related to this in the field of advertising is the consideration of "shock tactics", one of the key criticisms for advertisers is the use of such extreme or explicit tactics in the sale or goods or services (Mittal 2007) however there is the consideration that what is extreme or explicit is firstly related to a personal set of values. Secondly there is a debate in the literature in regard to the element of context, whilst companies are often condemned for the use of such tactics in relation to profit making activities there is often a much more tolerant attitude when such tactics are used in for example public health or safety campaigns."

Tags:shock, advertising, pester, power, children

Abstract
The paper explains the guerrilla marketing concept and looks at the Aqua Teen Hunger Force ad that led to the Boston bomb scare, a Pringles Potato chips ad and a Perlodent toothpaste ad. The paper uses these ads to demonstrate how guerrilla advertising can be dangerous and can have a negative effect on children. The paper also considers the problem of marketers trespassing on private property to engage in guerrilla marketing activities as well as the issue of negative emotions that are evoked by some of these ads. The paper contends that a boundary must be maintained between creative strategies of guerrilla marketing and irresponsible applications and techniques.

From the Paper
"The guerrilla marketing concept was created by Jay Conrad Levinson in 1984. It implies an unconventional way of performing promotional activities on a very low budget. In recent years, many companies, looking for ways of getting out of the clutter of traditional marketing implementations, have tended to apply guerrilla marketing which is a different way of marketing communications. Instead of money, Levinson argues, the primary investments of marketing should be time, energy, and imagination. Examples of guerrilla marketing include street art, flypapering, wheat pasting, and graffiti."

Tags:advertising, promotion, ads, emotions, brand

Abstract
The paper discusses the unethical practices of advertisers, who use sex, nudity, violence and the positioning of all forms of drugs to
create a higher level of awareness of their products. The paper attempts to illustrate how these advertisers are harming children by introducing them to products that can significantly impair their ability to mature cognitively, emotionally and ethically. The paper contends that these advertisers sacrifice children for financial gain and calls for companies to uphold the moral and ethical responsibility to protect our children.

Outline:
Summary
Sex Sells...Sometimes
Selling Violence, Not Products
Tobacco and Alcohol Advertising Effects Are Lasting
Summary

From the Paper
"The fundamental business model of advertising is changing drastically as the Internet becomes a much more prevalent communications channel, capable of being specifically targeted to audiences of consumers while also providing the ability to measure the performance of all forms of digital advertising online. This has significantly increased the ability to measure the effectiveness of advertising that includes mention of sex, violent acts, and the use of drugs including cigarettes and alcohol. Traditional advertising on the one hand does not offer these levels of advertising effectiveness measurement, so seeing if sex, violence and the positioning of drugs of all kinds including tobacco and alcohol is effective is left to conjecture and speculation."

Tags:consumers, offline, online, tobacco, morals

Abstract
The paper shows that by analyzing the kinds of ideas, values and ethics contemporary Internet advertising attempts to promote toward children, one only has to realize how strong an influential hold capitalism has upon people. It should come as no surprise that many children are persuaded to ask for items they either do not need or have little interest in, all because they were swayed by slick marketing campaigns targeted at cultivating just such a programmed purchase response. The paper discusses the fact that through the years, a distinctive trend has been established with regard to the various methods advertisers employ in order to outshine the competition. Some of these practices are looked upon as being instrumental within such a cutthroat environment; others, however, are viewed as inappropriate and unacceptable. It examines how critics contend that this type of deceptive Internet advertising is inappropriate in light of the fact that children are not equipped to discern the difference between clever marketing ploys and reality.

From the Paper
"The vicious cycle that exists within the framework of consumerism -- the perpetual wanting of more and more materialistic tangibles until there is nothing left to appreciate -- resides within each and every person; it is a social ill that grows worse with each passing generation. Consumerism's negative influence upon modernity exemplifies the ongoing quest for betterment through change that often does not occur. One of the most obvious and damaging influences of contemporary consumerism is the overwhelming impact that the Internet has had upon children."

Tags:laws, subliminal, Computers, Web, media