Abstract This paper examines how characters in ErnestHemmingway's "The Sun Also Rises" use alcohol to ease their pain and forget their problems. The paper asserts that the book is about a group of friends who drink and enjoy getting drunk, but later regret some of the things they do and say. The paper concludes that the novel demonstrates how alcohol may make a person feel good for a little while, but in the end, the pain always comes back.
From the Paper "In The Sun Also Rises, Jake uses alcohol to cover up his pain about his impotence. Because of this disorder, he cannot have the women that he truly desires, Lady Brett Ashley, and therefore he is lonely. Jake says: "I drank a bottle of wine for company. It was Chateau Margaux. It was pleasant to be drinking slowly and to be tasting the wine and to be drinking alone. A bottle of wine was a good company" (Hemmingway 236). He can control his drinking unlike some of the other characters in the book. This is evident in his statement: "I was a little drunk not in a positive sense but just enough to be careless" (Hemmingway 29)."
Abstract This paper examines Ernest Hemingway's role and influence on the modernist era of literature. It looks at the historical and cultural context of his work, his fictional universe and its relation to his heroic real life experiences and his suicide. It uses several novels as examples.
From the Paper "This research examines the role and influence of Ernest Hemingway on the modernist era of literature. The research will set Hemingway's works in historical and cultural context and then discuss how the environment in which Hemingway produced his literature ..."
Abstract This paper takes a look at the contribution and effect that Oscar Wilde made to British society. In "The Importance of Being Ernest" a satirical view is taken on the Victorian society and expectations for men. It describes how the character leads a double life in order to live up to these expectations. Social commitments, the role of the female and other typical Victorian issues are examined in this paper.
From the paper:
"Before Oscar Wilde became famous for his writing, he was famous for his tongue. In the early years of his career, Wilde was best known as an articulate and witty social gadfly. He was the fashion-whore of polite British society. He insinuated himself calculatingly into the social life of ?the beautiful people.? H!is reputation was built around an elaborately outrageous fashion sense, a shocking wit and amusing repertoire of behaviors, and his blatant self-stylings as an art critic and aesthete. Through-out his social career, Wilde alternately flaunted and denied his homosexual tendencies. They were a part of his carefully groomed artistic image, an image from which he occasionally worked to distance himself. He did get married and father two sons, and when he was finally accused of sodomy, he fought the charges as libelous. Yet the reality of his sexual orientation, and its natural at-odds-with-society status, was never far from his work. Even his most hetero-centric works, such as the romantic satire The Importance of Being Ernest, are informed by the daily social strains of his barely closeted double life. The Importance of Being Ernest is, in fact, in many ways a prophetic, though optimistic, metaphor for Wilde's life. He deals w!ith the hypocrisy and shallowness that "modern" women and "modern" social etiquette require from men. The story at once critiques the institution of marriage and the institution of ?polite society.? This play deals explicitly with the sacrifices and lies that must be committed in order to achieve acceptance in either marriage or society, and with the inevitable moment of truth when those lies are discovered."
This paper discusses the depression and creativity of Ernest Hemingway, considered by many as one of the greatest American writers of the 20th century.
Abstract This paper explains that similar to Ernest Hemingway, who suffered from life-long depression, many American writers, such as William Faulkner and F. Scott Fitzgerald, appear to have suffered from some type of mental disorder such as alcoholism, schizophrenia or depression. The author points out that it is quite obvious that Ernest Hemingway utilized his depression as a kind of support mechanism to compose his short stories and novels; however, the question remains as to exactly how depression either led or inspired Hemingway to become such a great American novelist. The paper relates that the literary conflict within "The Old Man and the Sea", as seen in the character of Santiago is, actually Hemingway himself, an old man with great internal struggles based on his need to satisfy his inflated ego, which is in a battle with his depression.
From the Paper "One important element of depression is that some people become very neurotic, meaning that they over-react to certain situations which in reality are not that particularly disruptive to ordinary persons. Under certain circumstances, a person suffering from depression may experience vivid hallucinations and delusions that are not real, much like living in a dream state where things and ideas are not tangible nor logically explainable. Those that suffer from major depression often have recurring episodes throughout their lives, yet they may also return to a relatively normal state at any given time."
An examination of why interest in Ernest Shackleton increased dramatically in about 1995, focusing on the 2001 film "The Endurance: Shackleton's Legendary Antarctic Expedition."
Abstract This paper discusses the enduring popularity of Ernest Shackleton who was involved in a legendary Antarctic expedition. It particularly focuses on why interest in Ernest Shackleton increased dramatically in about 1995 and lasted until 2003. It discusses the expedition and looks at the film "The Endurance: Shackleton's Legendary Antarctic Expedition," that The Burke Museum of Natural History at the University of Washington showed in 2001.
From the Paper "With the release of the new information, there followed a wide range of materials dealing with Shackleton. These included two biographies suitable for elementary students (Marcovitz; reviewed by Ching; Calvert, reviewed by McLoughlin), and two others suitable for middle school students (Plimpton, reviewed by Cohen; reviewed by Jones; Johnson, reviewed by Engberg, and reviewed by Gawron). At the same time, there has been a remarkable general revival of interest in all things from these expeditions. Captain Scott's snow goggles were recently sold at auction for more than L20,000, and a biscuit recovered from that expedition went for a remarkable L4,000 (Smith 50)."
Abstract This paper takes a brief look at the life of Ernest Hemingway. The author describes his childhood in Illinois, working at the Kansas City Star newspaper and his involvement in World War I. The paper discusses Hemingway's influences as he began his career as a writer in Paris, surrounded by many talented expatriates, and examines the speculation over his depression and death in 1961.
From the Paper "If literary genius can be described as one person's ability to influence the thinking of others and to do it only with written words, then Ernest Miller Hemingway was certainly deserving of the title. With his direct, declarative and streamlined style of writing, a style he first learned while writing as a newspaper journalist, Hemingway observed the world around him and the people in it, and then wrote of his observations on the nature of mankind. "
Tags:ernest, paris, war, oak, park, expatriate, italian, world, kansas, star, novel, spanish, civil, adventure, writer, depression, old, man, sea, novella
Abstract This paper explores the idea that Ernest Hemingway may have been chauvinistic, through an examination of his novels. The author, however, argues that although Hemingway's main characters were always male and he portrayed his females as background characters, Hemingway was not a misogynist; rather, an author only capable of speaking in a male voice.
From the Paper "To give Hemingway his due he was a product of his times. No matter how critical the reader gets the fact is that Hemingway's women had more character than many others portrayed during his time. The woman may adhere to the traditional scenarios and Hemingway may have focused on the male protagonist more in comparison but truth be told that was his prerogative. It is not necessary for him to be a woman hater just because he writes a story about a man. The scholar?s, men and women alike have agreed that women have their place in the Hemingway novels. The men are not complete without the woman and just by portraying this facet Hemingway redeems himself."
Abstract This paper is an analysis of themes prevalent in Ernest Hemingway's novel, "For Whom the Bell Tolls". Themes included are loyalty, bravery, and gender roles. This novel , traces the life of protagonist, Robert Jordan for three days during the Spanish Civil War. Bravery is characterized by one's response when faced with death. Courage, trust, and sacrifice outline loyalty. As it is commonplace to focus attention on detailing language when reading Hemingway, one need read closely to conjure the gender-role issues underlying this novel.
From the Paper "Ernest Hemingway served the North American Newspaper Alliance covering the Spanish Civil War from 1937-38. Upon his return to the United States on his way to a 1953 Pulitzer Prize and a 1954 Noble Prize for literature, he traces the life of protagonist, Robert Jordan for three days during the Spanish Civil War in his writing of ' For Whom the Bell Tolls'. Through Jordan's interaction with other supplementary characters and the use of language, Hemingway addresses the importance of bravery (facing the fear of death/dying), loyalty (trust of others/self), and gender (roles/stereotypes). Bravery and loyalty are complementary and often intertwined characteristics as well as themes. The comprehension and acquisition of these thematic issues and traits is essential before one's sudden, last fatalistic day."
Abstract This paper addresses the question of the gender of the heroes in Ernest Hemingway's writings. It points out that women in his stories are most often portrayed as inferior characters. However, an analysis of one of his short stories, "Hills Like White Elephants", highlights a female character with strength equal to male characters often found to be the hero in his other stories.
From the Paper "Ernest Hemingway has the unfortunate reputation of being a misogynist. The women in his stories are often described as too weak or too dysfunctional to be sympathetic characters. However, some of his heroines are just as noble and compelling as his heroes. In "A Farewell to Arms", for instance, Catherine is the code hero who teaches Hemingway hero Frederic courage and stoicism in the face of adversity. Hemingway's short story "Hills Like White Elephants" also highlights a surprisingly strong female character who in many ways resembles a code hero."
Abstract Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961), one of the most popular and influential American novelists of the twentieth century, enjoyed nearly as much fame as a hard-living, adventurous personality as he did as a major artist. The paper shows that his life and his art were intertwined in many ways, and biography plays an important role in understanding his work. The paper shows that a great deal can be learned about Hemingway's art by studying the ways in which his life was transformed in his fiction--the process that made his fiction works of art rather than autobiography. The paper discusses several of Hemingway's books, including "The Sun Also Rises" and "A Farewell to Arms".
From the Paper "If the autobiographical element in the Nick Adams stories is fairly direct--and the character can be considered Hemingway's alter-ego without any difficulty--the story in the novel was even more directly taken from life. Yet Jake Barnes, the protagonist, is far more problematical as a stand-in for the author. In some ways the character's disgust with the 'lostness' of the other lost generation characters in the book and his pleasure in the art of the bullfighter reflected the real Hemingway. They were also the first fictional steps in the author's lifelong project of "orchestrat[ing] his own persona, a persona which continues to dominate both popular and critical evaluations" of the novels and stories (Clifford 172). Thus readings of the novel sometimes concentrate too heavily on this emerging public Hemingway."
Abstract This paper examines the life and the writings of Ernest Hemingway by focusing on three of his works, "The Snows of Kilimanjaro", "The Short Happy Life of Kilimanjaro" and "A Farewell to Arms". It discusses how each story argues that a man may only find his true worth when confronted by danger, usually in the form of the dangers of the natural world. It provides a brief overview of his life and shows how as both novelist and short-story writer, Hemingway's style is characterized by crispness, laconic dialogue and emotional understatement and how both his writings and his personal life exerted a profound influence on American writers of his time.
From the Paper "Hemingway's writing style was no doubt influenced by an early job as a reporter for the Kansas City Star. He left this job within a few months to serve as a volunteer ambulance driver in Italy during World War I. He later transferred to the Italian infantry and was severely wounded. After the war he was a correspondent for the Toronto Star and then settled in Paris. While there, he was encouraged in creative work by the American expatriate writers Ezra Pound and Gertrude Stein. After 1927 Hemingway spent long periods of time in Key West, Florida, and in Spain and Africa. These adventures, his career as a journalist and his work in war zones all influenced his philosophy and writing style (Clifford, 1999, p. 22)."
Abstract A discussion of how Ernest Hemingway effectively illustrated the glories of Spanish culture and society and depicted the lives of people in the African wild. It explains that these two prevailing themes in Hemingway's novels show how the great writer sought to effectively show to his readers the reality of life in the world despite people's differences in culture and society.
From the Paper "Before Hemingway, became renowned for his writings as a novelist, he was first employed as a Kansas City Star cub reporter in 1917. Although his writing became his primary occupation, Hemingway also contributed in providing people and the government some civil services through his work as an ambulance driver for the US in the Italian front in 1918 and reported on the Greco-Turkish war in 1922. After years of committing himself to a life of civil service for the US, Hemingway came back to live a civilian's life. However, he quit journalism and instead tried to focus on his writing skills in creating fictional works in 1924."
Abstract This paper examines how the difficulty of life and the human condition is often a theme that surfaces in the works of Ernest Hemingway; while his subject matter is worthy of discussion, it is perhaps his style that has brought him the most popularity. It looks at how his sparse style and direct approach make him stand out as one of the most celebrated authors of the 20th century and how his approach to writing is succinct and so compelling that it has influenced literature in all genres. It explores specific areas of Hemingway's style and how it brings life to many of his characters, while at the same time capturing the mood and sentiments of a displaced, yet compassionate American.
From the Paper "John Aldridge claims that Hemingway's most "seductive attribute" is "his powerful responsiveness to experience" (Aldridge 139). Aldridge notes that The Sun Also Rises reflects the author's responsiveness to his experiences. According to Aldridge, Hemingway "was living in the most exotic city in Europe among some of the most remarkable personalities and gifted artists of the post Word War I era" (139). This element of his circumstances is reflected in the novel. His depiction of the hotels, bars, and restaurants of Paris makes us feel as if we are there and because Hemingway knew the names of all the streets and "knew the exact location of all the best places and the best route to get to them" (139) add to the mood of the novel."
Abstract This paper contends that out of all the protagonists he painstakingly described in his novels and short stories, the one which came closest to the real Ernest Hemingway was one of his earliest creations, Nick Adams. The paper discusses how Nick's trials and tribulations were featured in a series of 'coming of age' short stories, which were assembled in the compilation, "In Our Time", originally published in 1930. The paper defines Nick Adams as serving as Hemingway's literary alter-ego, a man who was on a personal quest to embody his definition of a macho hero, the man who could stoically overcome any obstacle without registering any outward emotion.
From the Paper "The first offering, "Indian Camp," is a story which describes Nick accompanying his physician father to perform a Caesarean on a pregnant squaw. Dr. Adams describes the serious medical situation in clinical, matter of fact terms, telling his son, "Listen to me. What she is going through is called being in labor. The baby wants to be born and she wants it to be born. All her muscles are trying to get the baby born. That is what is happening when she screams" (16). The unsettling quiet of the labor is disrupted by the woman's desperate cries of anguish. There is, in these remote surroundings, naturally, no type of anesthetic, and Nick becomes increasingly agitated by the pregnant woman's obvious distress. "
