Abstract
This paper discusses the influence Hemmingway had on the life and literature of America.

Tags:hemingway

Abstract
This paper examines how characters in Ernest Hemmingway's "The Sun Also Rises" use alcohol to ease their pain and forget their problems. The paper asserts that the book is about a group of friends who drink and enjoy getting drunk, but later regret some of the things they do and say. The paper concludes that the novel demonstrates how alcohol may make a person feel good for a little while, but in the end, the pain always comes back.

From the Paper
"In The Sun Also Rises, Jake uses alcohol to cover up his pain about his impotence. Because of this disorder, he cannot have the women that he truly desires, Lady Brett Ashley, and therefore he is lonely. Jake says: "I drank a bottle of wine for company. It was Chateau Margaux. It was pleasant to be drinking slowly and to be tasting the wine and to be drinking alone. A bottle of wine was a good company" (Hemmingway 236). He can control his drinking unlike some of the other characters in the book. This is evident in his statement: "I was a little drunk not in a positive sense but just enough to be careless" (Hemmingway 29)."

Tags:drunk, depression, alcohol, abuse

Abstract
This paper discusses how Ernest Hemingway's short story "Hills Like White Elephants" presents the reader with the question of whether or not the girl, Jig, receives an abortion and also how the relationship between the American man and the girl survive this important decision. It looks at how Hemingway is ambiguous throughout the telling of story, utilizing dialogue, diction and symbols to make his point and how every aspect of the story holds significance and relays to the readers varying interpretations of the story. The paper makes several references to critic Stanley Renner and his dissertation on Hemmingway's short story.

From the Paper
"In Renner's criticism of Hemmingway's Hills Like White Elephants he takes a unique approach. Acknowledging opposing, simplistic views that girl concedes to the man's needs and has the abortion he believes that the girl discovers her own desires, "only when she discovers her own mind and takes charge of her own life does she become mature and a woman" (Renner 9). Renner's view takes a more positive look at Hemmingway's writing, rather than making the girl the victim, she triumphs is able to get what she wants and maintain her relationship. At the conclusion of the story Renner's concept is validated through the last conversation between the girl and the man."

Tags:Jig, abortion, Stanley, Renner

Abstract
This paper takes a look at the contribution and effect that Oscar Wilde made to British society. In "The Importance of Being Ernest" a satirical view is taken on the Victorian society and expectations for men. It describes how the character leads a double life in order to live up to these expectations. Social commitments, the role of the female and other typical Victorian issues are examined in this paper.

From the paper:

"Before Oscar Wilde became famous for his writing, he was famous for his tongue. In the early years of his career, Wilde was best known as an articulate and witty social gadfly. He was the fashion-whore of polite British society. He insinuated himself calculatingly into the social life of ?the beautiful people.? H!is reputation was built around an elaborately outrageous fashion sense, a shocking wit and amusing repertoire of behaviors, and his blatant self-stylings as an art critic and aesthete. Through-out his social career, Wilde alternately flaunted and denied his homosexual tendencies. They were a part of his carefully groomed artistic image, an image from which he occasionally worked to distance himself. He did get married and father two sons, and when he was finally accused of sodomy, he fought the charges as libelous. Yet the reality of his sexual orientation, and its natural at-odds-with-society status, was never far from his work. Even his most hetero-centric works, such as the romantic satire The Importance of Being Ernest, are informed by the daily social strains of his barely closeted double life. The Importance of Being Ernest is, in fact, in many ways a prophetic, though optimistic, metaphor for Wilde?s life. He deals w!ith the hypocrisy and shallowness that ?modern? women and ?modern? social etiquette require from men. The story at once critiques the institution of marriage and the institution of ?polite society.? This play deals explicitly with the sacrifices and lies that must be committed in order to achieve acceptance in either marriage or society, and with the inevitable moment of truth when those lies are discovered."

Tags:suffrage, equality, vote, discrimination, economy, play, marriage, censorship, responsible, polite, sexual, satisfaction, Europe

Abstract
The paper looks at Ernest Hemingway's, "Across the River and into the Trees", and argues that the text does an admirable job of capturing the weariness, the cynicism, the lingering shadows, and the potentiality of Italy in the immediate aftermath of the Second World War; in a real sense, it is an historical novel because of its references and tone and because of some of the indelible images Hemingway creates. The paper explores all of this and looks also at where the book stands relative to other Hemingway books and its relationship to the work of other writers from the period. In the end, "Across the River and into the Trees" is a book that captures nicely Italy in 1950 - and Ernest Hemingway as he was at the mid-point of the twentieth century.

Tags:hemingway, trees, river

Abstract
This paper explains that similar to Ernest Hemingway, who suffered from life-long depression, many American writers, such as William Faulkner and F. Scott Fitzgerald, appear to have suffered from some type of mental disorder such as alcoholism, schizophrenia or depression. The author points out that it is quite obvious that Ernest Hemingway utilized his depression as a kind of support mechanism to compose his short stories and novels; however, the question remains as to exactly how depression either led or inspired Hemingway to become such a great American novelist. The paper relates that the literary conflict within "The Old Man and the Sea", as seen in the character of Santiago is, actually Hemingway himself, an old man with great internal struggles based on his need to satisfy his inflated ego, which is in a battle with his depression.

From the Paper
"One important element of depression is that some people become very neurotic, meaning that they over-react to certain situations which in reality are not that particularly disruptive to ordinary persons. Under certain circumstances, a person suffering from depression may experience vivid hallucinations and delusions that are not real, much like living in a dream state where things and ideas are not tangible nor logically explainable. Those that suffer from major depression often have recurring episodes throughout their lives, yet they may also return to a relatively normal state at any given time."

Tags:electro-shock, family, mechanism, old, wwii

Abstract
This paper discusses the enduring popularity of Ernest Shackleton who was involved in a legendary Antarctic expedition. It particularly focuses on why interest in Ernest Shackleton increased dramatically in about 1995 and lasted until 2003. It discusses the expedition and looks at the film "The Endurance: Shackleton's Legendary Antarctic Expedition," that The Burke Museum of Natural History at the University of Washington showed in 2001.

From the Paper
"With the release of the new information, there followed a wide range of materials dealing with Shackleton. These included two biographies suitable for elementary students (Marcovitz; reviewed by Ching; Calvert, reviewed by McLoughlin), and two others suitable for middle school students (Plimpton, reviewed by Cohen; reviewed by Jones; Johnson, reviewed by Engberg, and reviewed by Gawron). At the same time, there has been a remarkable general revival of interest in all things from these expeditions. Captain Scott's snow goggles were recently sold at auction for more than L20,000, and a biscuit recovered from that expedition went for a remarkable L4,000 (Smith 50)."

Tags:endurance, exploration, journey

Abstract
Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961), one of the most popular and influential American novelists of the twentieth century, enjoyed nearly as much fame as a hard-living, adventurous personality as he did as a major artist. The paper shows that his life and his art were intertwined in many ways, and biography plays an important role in understanding his work. The paper shows that a great deal can be learned about Hemingway's art by studying the ways in which his life was transformed in his fiction--the process that made his fiction works of art rather than autobiography. The paper discusses several of Hemingway's books, including "The Sun Also Rises" and "A Farewell to Arms."

From the Paper
"If the autobiographical element in the Nick Adams stories is fairly direct--and the character can be considered Hemingway's alter-ego without any difficulty--the story in the novel was even more directly taken from life. Yet Jake Barnes, the protagonist, is far more problematical as a stand-in for the author. In some ways the character's disgust with the 'lostness' of the other lost generation characters in the book and his pleasure in the art of the bullfighter reflected the real Hemingway. They were also the first fictional steps in the author's lifelong project of "orchestrat[ing] his own persona, a persona which continues to dominate both popular and critical evaluations" of the novels and stories (Clifford 172). Thus readings of the novel sometimes concentrate too heavily on this emerging public Hemingway."

Tags:Agnes, von, Kurowsky, Ezra, Pound, Nick, Adams, Lady, Brett

Abstract
This paper is an analysis of themes prevalent in Ernest Hemingway's novel, "For Whom the Bell Tolls". Themes included are loyalty, bravery, and gender roles. This novel , traces the life of protagonist, Robert Jordan for three days during the Spanish Civil War. Bravery is characterized by one?s response when faced with death. Courage, trust, and sacrifice outline loyalty. As it is commonplace to focus attention on detailing language when reading Hemingway, one need read closely to conjure the gender-role issues underlying this novel.

From the Paper
"Ernest Hemingway served the North American Newspaper Alliance covering the Spanish Civil War from 1937-38. Upon his return to the United States on his way to a 1953 Pulitzer Prize and a 1954 Noble Prize for literature, he traces the life of protagonist, Robert Jordan for three days during the Spanish Civil War in his writing of ' For Whom the Bell Tolls'. Through Jordan's interaction with other supplementary characters and the use of language, Hemingway addresses the importance of bravery (facing the fear of death/dying), loyalty (trust of others/self), and gender (roles/stereotypes). Bravery and loyalty are complementary and often intertwined characteristics as well as themes. The comprehension and acquisition of these thematic issues and traits is essential before one's sudden, last fatalistic day."

Tags:Eernest, Hemingway, novel, theme, loyalty, bravery, gender, roles, Spanish, Civil, War

Abstract
This paper addresses the question of the gender of the heroes in Ernest Hemingway's writings. It points out that women in his stories are most often portrayed as inferior characters. However, an analysis of one of his short stories, "Hills Like White Elephants," highlights a female character with strength equal to male characters often found to be the hero in his other stories.

From the Paper
"Ernest Hemingway has the unfortunate reputation of being a misogynist. The women in his stories are often described as too weak or too dysfunctional to be sympathetic characters. However, some of his heroines are just as noble and compelling as his heroes. In "A Farewell to Arms," for instance, Catherine is the code hero who teaches Hemingway hero Frederic courage and stoicism in the face of adversity. Hemingway's short story "Hills Like White Elephants" also highlights a surprisingly strong female character who in many ways resembles a code hero."

Tags:women, roles, character, strength