Abstract
The paper highlights a fundamental difference between the concepts of equal opportunities and the more contemporary diversity management approach towards ensuring equality in the human resources environment. This paper considers the fundamental differences between the two approaches and whether or not diversity management truly adds a new dimension to the quality management tool box.

From the Paper
"In the first instance, it should be defined that there are two broad approaches towards the creation of equality in the workplace. On the one hand, some approaches towards the creation of equality emphasize the fact that employers should seek to blind themselves to the diversity traits of an individual considering only the factors related to a persons performance with an organisation and their work related history (Liff, 1999, Webb, 1997). In such models, an employer will not take into account diversity related issues such as age, race, sex or religion considering that if these factors were taken into account it would in some way promote or have the potential to promote inequity. On the whole, equal opportunities policies may be seen as those policies which are enforced within an organisation grounded in such a view of equality (Liff, 1999). For instance, when recruiting a new employee, equal opportunities would require a firm to consider a candidates previous experience when selecting between candidates but would prevent the recruiter from paying attention to the candidate's religion (Bratton and Gold, 1997). One problem with the model however, is that those criticise it point out that such a policy can effectively create indirect discrimination, for instance by ignoring diversity based traits a job may be designed in a way which only appeals to the dominant majority and excludes minority or other groups. Liff (1999) for instance points out that the prevalence of full time work often excludes woman from positions at the expense of men thus creating an inequity which is further ignored though equal opportunities practises."

Tags:equality, discrimination, minorities

Abstract
This paper traces the history, origins and evolution of the Affirmative Action and Equal Opportunity Acts as well as the opposition to such laws. The paper also looks at which agencies enforce and control the Affirmative Action and Equal Opportunity Acts and how they are enforced. Furthermore, the paper examines both affirmative action and equal opportunity litigation, the outcomes of the litigation and the repercussions of those outcomes. Finally, the paper discusses the effects of the Affirmative Action and Equal Opportunity Acts on America and how minorities feel when they receive unequal treatment.

From the Paper
"The policies of affirmative action aiming at assisting the black Americans are of recent origin. The policies have sought its origin to varied sources like legal structure, executive instructions, and court rulings. It was during the last three decades that these policies were being developed and they have become debatable as well. (Legal History) During the last three decades of the nineteenth century, a large number of African-Americans officiated in important public posts inclusive of two senators and 20 members in the House. However withdrawal of sustenance for reconstruction by the federal government in the late nineteenth century, the benefits extended to African Americans were wiped out and substituted by a system of legal segregation such as that of Latinos, Asians, and Native Americans. (Affirmative Action: Background)"

Tags:segrationist, separate, but, equal, plessy, v., ferguson, races, civil, rights, act, discrimination

Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the right to equal education. The paper reports that education plays a huge role in the personal growth and development of any individual, as well as in the growth and development of economies and whole nations.

Outline:
Introduction
The Equal Education Opportunities Act of 1974
Implications for Teachers and the English Language Learners
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Meanwhile, aside from the fact that many children have had the strong desire to study, there have been a lot of issues concerning the approaches to make use of the said right. Standardization on who, where and when can one avail of the said rights. There have been questions about the legalities and the documents that needed to be passed so as to provide proof that one is legitimate to enjoy such rights. Thus, apart from the enjoyment that this right has given to people, there are those who experienced chaos and confusion. This is because there are states in the US where there are strict guidelines as to which school follows the said Equal Education Opportunity Act and which children can only avail of that. The main reasons for imposing such limitations are the unavailability of teachers and/or facilities and rooms to accommodate possible huge number of enrollees. Meanwhile, there are some states who are very lenient in accepting students who are trying to avail of their rights to be educated, as stated in the Equal Education Opportunities Act of 1974. Hence, in as much as the US government would want to implement a fair and legit education opportunity for all, there are still some who complained that there is unfair or unequal treatment with the way the policy is being implemented."

Tags:legislative, reform, students, curriculum, reform, schools, personal, growth

Abstract
This paper discusses the legal basis of the situation of women in the military, and relevant court cases such as Hoyt v. Florida, Taylor v. Louisiana, US vs. St. Clair, Rostker v. Goldberg, Craig v. Boren, and Schlesinger vs. Ballard. Discusses myths and truths regarding women and military service. Argues for equal rights, equal obligations, and equal opportunities within military and civilian spheres.

From the paper:

"Men and women are treated unequally in regards to military service. Men are required to register for the Selective Service when they turn 18, while women are exempt. While women are allowed to perform most jobs in the military, they are still restricted from some combat roles. This gender inequality stems from antiquated notions of female weakness and domesticity, which have no legal validity in our society today. Furthermore, limiting women's roles in the military violates women's rights to be full and equal citizens of the United States, with all the privileges, obligations, and duties that carries with it."

Tags:airforce, army, citizens, combat, constitutional, discrimination, duty, fighting, freedom, gender, marines, navy

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to critically examine Equal Employment Opportunities (EEO) policies, especially those of ethnicity, gender, or disability under the current British Governmental Educational policy or proposed policy. The paper shows that while laws, policies and regulations have been enacted in Britain to ensure that (EEO's) exist for all individuals regardless of ethnicity, gender or disability, at the same time other more inherent problems exist that must be addressed, such as the lack of education and training within the British workforce.

Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Key Terms of the Study
British Race Equality Policies
Report of the European Employment Observatory
Summary and Conclusion

From the Paper
"According to the work of Dhami, Squires and Modood "It has been suggested that political policy-makers and theorists operate on an 'egalitarian plateau' in which everyone accepts that citizens should be treated as equals. However, there is profound disagreement to what 'treating people as equals' requires." Dhami, Squires and Modood state that previous generations have entered a debate surrounding the "relative merits of equality of opportunity versus equality of outcome" and that it is now held by only a few that the political ideal is 'equality of outcome'. It is stated as well that a 'minimal concept of equality of opportunity' equates with disallowing an individual's race, gender or religion "to affect their chances of being selected for a job, of getting a good education...." and the like however it is held within the 'conventional conception' that in addition to this that "one should also be concerned to ensure that everyone has an equal chance to acquire the relevant competencies, skills and qualifications"

Tags:'discrimination', organizations, strategic, goals, preferential, hiring

Abstract
This paper, while acknowledging the positive side of and the need for athletic scholarships, focuses on the negative aspect of athletic scholarships. Some of the negative aspects highlighted in the paper are that athletic scholarships provide an advantage to student athletes that are unfair to non-athletic students. With such a great emphasis on sports, many students feel inferior to athletes, even though they may participate in some other type of extracurricular activity. Furthermore, the paper argues that it is unfair for athletic students to receive all the perks and credits even though they are often absent from the classroom due to practice or competition. At the conclusion of the paper, it is suggested that, while athletic scholarships should be available to athletes, schools should make a greater effort to provide equal opportunities for all other students as well.

From the Paper
"As today's society focuses more and more on sports, the educational world is evolving to keep up with the pace. As a result, today's student athletes have even more opportunities and options available to them than they did just a decade ago. In addition to more scholarships in both high school and college education, student today are offered the opportunity to receive part of the credit required to graduate by actively participating in sports."

Tags:olympic, athletes, inferior, performance, skills, educational, support, financial, mental, college, talent

Abstract
This paper explains that the Civil Rights Movements of the 1960s aimed for the realization of constitutional provisions for equality, especially the establishment of equal labor opportunities, which allow minorities to become economically and socially mobile. The paper discusses strategies used to promote awareness of the issue of labor equality and how it developed with the Civil Rights Movements of the 1960s. The paper also identifies issues that remain a concern and how they can be addressed. In addition, the paper includes a prospectus to determine the developing issues for the 21st century. An annotated bibliography is included with the paper.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Awareness of the Issue
From the 1960s to 2006
Unresolved Issues
Changes in Approach
Conclusion

From the Paper
"By the 1990s, advocates, such as Redwood (1996), point out that though there has been progress in promoting equal work opportunity, much of it has been reserved for men. She even argues that women from minority or cultural groups are doubly disadvantaged, with gender being the more major concern. Morella (2007) points out that even within these discriminated groups, there is even further discrimination because of gender, race of national origin. Because of the lack of opportunities given to minority groups, whatever opportunities are afforded them is severely competed for."

Tags:women, mobility, obligations, curriculum, reinforce

Abstract
A diverse organization values on differences and recognizes the fact that new ideas are generated by people with varied attitudes, skills and backgrounds. This paper defines what is meant by encouraging diversity as opposed to focusing narrowly on providing equal opportunities. It describes the benefits to an organization that promotes a diverse workforce and concludes that diversity management will allow the organization to be more effective in granting equal opportunity while enabling broader ideas in a competitive environment. This paper includes a table.

From the Paper
"The role of equal opportunity and managing diversity in any organization is to ensure that work opportunities in that organization are available to multiple cultures and races that do not discriminate on the basis of sex or disability. Respecting diversity is at the heart of most farsighted and proactive organizations. Respecting the significance of diversity is basic to the manner in which the organization views equality and multiculturalism. Societies are becoming more complex and individuals need to be valued in all that the organization does. Diversity implies giving value to all employees and to the contribution that they make. Proactive organizations welcome the differences amongst people and use them in leveraging to add more depth and meaning to their work. This way talents and capabilities of workers can be exploited to the maximum in giving workers opportunities for professional development."

Tags:management minorities, human resources, discrimination

Abstract
This paper applies Montessori's theories of child education to the concept of equal opportunities for all children, and why children would likely benefit from being exposed to inescapable differences among their peers. These theories are supported through investigating the introduction of children with differences into the classroom via two- way bilingual education training and why this type of educational method has benefits for all students within a given classroom environment.

Abstract
This paper examines the effectiveness of bilingual learning through reflecting on the history of bilingual education. The author includes a description of the state's purposes and objectives within bilingual programs, discusses the sociological issues within language learning, and how this affects self and group identities. The paper also addresses the outcomes of bilingual education, including the ways in which it has changed since its conception, before addressing whether or not bilingual learning has been successful.

Outline:
Introduction
Bilingual Education in History
The Results of Current Research
The Duel Language Program and TESOL Initiatives
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
" The language rights of minority students and their access to equal opportunities in education have long been social issues throughout many parts of the world. During the past few decades, the increasing demographic shifts and the establishment of civil rights movements within many Western societies have raised the profile of such issues. In the United States, the issues surrounding bilingual education has been strongly debated among educators, politicians, and other concerned groups. This is due to a persistent tension between those who view the United Sates as a pluralistic nation with a common national identity and those who consider it as being a mosaic of people groups with individual cultures, customs, and values. The American education system, consequently, has been host to this tension, which has manifested itself within education policy through the issues surrounding language, despite the fact that the majority of school introduced bilingual education during the 1960s and 1970s."

Tags:education languages, culture diversities