Abstract
This paper explains that environmental terrorism is one of the most significant terrorist tactics that not only impacts multiple nations but also serves to destroy the livelihood of the natural environment. The author relates that the Gulf War oil spill annihilated an entire shoreline and was responsible for billions of dollars in reconstruction and economic fallout. The paper emphasizes that Saddam Hussein's intent was not only a military strategy as a reactive and symbolic agent to the U.S. intervention, but was also an ideological principle rather than malice towards the environment. The author points out that, nonetheless, the Persian Gulf oil spill demonstrates strong similarities to the model of environmental terrorism developed by Daniel Schwartz and contains a number of characteristics that classify it as an act of environmental terror.

Table of Contents:
Terrorism on the Rise
Environmental Destruction as a Symbol
The Persian Gulf War
The Oil Spill: Historical Review
Terrorism Defined
Terrorism during War
Modeling Environmental Terrorism
The Justification for Environmental Terrorism
The Persian Gulf Oil Spill: Terrorism and Justification

From the Paper
"Saddam Hussein's invasion of Kuwait in 1990 would be the introduction of the United States involvement in Middle East affairs. Hussein's stranglehold upon the citizens of Iraq was known across the world; with his intolerance to those who dissented by government or religion feeling the wrath of his punishment. Notable acts of genocide against Kurds and Shiite Muslims in the 1980's brought his notoriety to the international scene. However, the Iraqi oil reserves were not to be rivaled by many countries, and Hussein's invasion of Iraq only served to increase the country's wealth."

Tags:categories, barrels, victimize, influence, reactive

Abstract
In this paper, the three articles analyzed in this study provide an environmental, political, and Internet based evaluation of the utopian global communities of the 21st century. Bell and McKibben often present the realities of the global problems in human nature that define the limitations of human selfishness and animal instinct, but do very little to argue how these issues will make a cooperative and united world.

From the Paper
Thank you for purchasing a customized research paper from Essay Experts LLC. We strive to deliver to our customers the most accurate and up-to-date research each and every time we prepare a custom work. Your Writer ID: #255 Order ID: 13300 Topic: Political Studies Disclaimer: This document should be used in precisely the same way you would use any article you might find in your local research library. Remember, you must cite it properly just like you would any other source listed in your bibliography. If you have any questions regarding citing

Tags:global, bell, vise

Abstract
The paper shows that immediately after the September 11 terror attacks the initial solution to potential exposure of toxic pollutants left the EPA with a significant list of issues to be addressed, not the least of which was providing an open line of communication to those who were most at risk at ground zero. Within the first several days of the rescue mission, the EPA and other agencies worked hard to obtain and distribute respiratory and eye protection equipment; provide health and safety training upon request; design and implement a site monitoring plan and addressed many more issues. he paper examines how, one year after the attacks, the EPA is still monitoring for water and air contamination and testing for high toxic levels.

From the Paper
"The extent to which the terrorist attack upon the World Trade Center has impacted both the nation and the cradle of humanity as a whole is undeniably far-reaching. However, people are not the only entities to suffer from this display of social intolerance, inasmuch as the explosion aftermath has created great concern for environmental safety with regard to asbestos, airborne particles, burning plastic and concrete dust, with the latter issue presenting a potentially significant threat to wildlife with regard to runoff into local waterways."

Tags:center, health, terrorism, trade, world, 911, asbestos

Abstract
Examines Iraqi President Saddam Hussein's ordering of vast amounts of crude oil pumped into the Persian Gulf as retaliation for defeat in Persian Gulf War of 1991. Discusses the largest oil spill in history and the environmental damage.

From the Paper
"Gulf War Eco-Terrorism Still Menaces Gulf
On January 16, 1991, U.N. coalition air forces bombarded Iraqi military targets in Kuwait and Iraq. These actions were in response to Iraqi President Saddam Hussein's failure to withdraw Iraqi forces from Kuwait..."

Abstract
This paper explains that the ethical issues associated with the eradication of any naturally occurring element of the environment, including smallpox, concern the unknown ramifications of this action on the planet for eons to come. The author raises the question that if the eradication of one element, such as smallpox, makes sense, what other biological irritants, such as pollen for the millions of allergy suffers, should be eliminated? Where does it stop? The paper concludes that, because the smallpox virus can be considered a catastrophic biological weapon of terrorism, this virus should be eradicated based on the ethical principle of the good of the many.

From the Paper
"Smallpox is a deadly virus that has existed for centuries. In the past, global smallpox epidemics have killed millions of people, and the virus still hangs on, despite extraordinary efforts to eradicate it. One author writes, "By some estimates, smallpox killed as many as 500 million people during the twentieth century alone, and as recently as thirty years ago, it was still at large in over thirty countries." Officially, the disease was eradicated globally in 1977, but some strains of the disease still exist in laboratories."

Tags:ramifications, wmd, terrorism, re-emerging, eons

Abstract
The paper gives an in depth analysis of the Persian Gulf War conflict and the oil spill of 1991. The first part of the paper gives a history of the conflict. The remaining part focuses on the theory and analysis in creating a solid model in which to define environmental terrorism. The Hardin piece was also used to depict a justification and its relativity to any situation.

From the Paper
"In a world that grows increasingly closer buy the minute, the concern for terrorism is steadily becoming an international issue rather than a national crisis. It is arguable that the advent of germ terrorism and Jihad play a major role in international countermeasures against terrorism. However, environmental terrorism is possibly one of the most significant terrorist tactics that not only impacts multiple nations but also serves to destroy the livelihood of the natural environment. The Persian Gulf War in the 1990's introduced the world to the modern military..."

Tags:environmental, terrorism, hussein

Abstract
This paper states that never before in history has a man violated as many legal obligations as Saddam Hussein; therefore, 1991 Persian Gulf War has become one of the most significant international events of all time. The author points out that the most obvious violation made by Saddam Hussein was in waging a war of aggression against Kuwait. The paper relates that Iraq violated many treaties such as the United Nations and the Pact of the League of Arab States, all of the Security Council's Resolutions and many laws of war, neutrality and belligerent occupation including carrying out a sneak attack, missile terror attacks against civilian populations, the mistreatment of prisoners of war and finally environmental terrorism.

From the Paper
"Another violation of the laws of wars committed by Iraq in the Gulf War was the mistreatment of the prisoners of war. All of the United States armed forces that were taken prisoner by Iraq were mistreated to some degree which is more violations by Iraq under the Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War. CNN aired footage on January 20, 1991 of American and other prisoners of war that claimed that there was definite mistreatment of them at the hands of the Iraqi's. This mistreatment goes against Article 13 of the Geneva Convention that states, "Prisoners of war must at all times be humanely treated....Likewise, prisoners of war must at all times be protected, particularly against acts of violence or intimidation and against insults and public curiosity." The fact that these prisoners of war were shown on CNN, the worldwide news program situated at the center of the Gulf Crisis, shows that article 13 was violated since the prisoners were not protected against public curiosity."

Tags:scud, un, treaties, kuwait, resolutions

Abstract
The paper examines some of the key issues that characterize the present political relationship between Canada and the United States, namely, terrorism/Afghanistan, the economic crisis/trade, border security and environmental matters. The paper analyzes the impact that the Obama administration is expected to have in this relationship over the next few years and postulates that the relationship between Canada and the United States is not only strong, but it will grow stronger over the next few years. The paper asserts that the congruence between the present administrations of both nations will allow them to work together more closely than ever before.

Outline:
Introduction
Key Issues: Terrorism/Afghanistan
Key Issues: Economic Crisis/Trade
Key Issues: Border Security
Key Issues: Environmental Matters
Outlook: The Next Few Years
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Following the September 11th terrorist attacks, a new relationship was forged between the United States and Canada with respect to terrorism. The notion that terrorist attacks could hit Toronto or Ottawa in the same way that they hit New York and Washington, DC was frightening for the Chretien administration. They quickly joined the Bush administration in the so-called "war on terror", and became part of the NATO coalition that eventually invaded Afghanistan and deposed the Taliban. Both Canada and the United States have remained in Afghanistan ever since."

Tags:terrorism, Afghanistan, environment, trade, border, security, Obama, Harper, Chretien, Bush

Abstract
This paper explains that European Neighborhood Policy (ENP) was developed to combat some of the European security issues that exist in Europe. Authorities believe that the ENP would enhance the European Union's ability to secure the region against terrorism and would help promote the economy and overall quality of life of the region. The author points out that originally the ENP applied to its direct neighbors: Algeria, Belarus, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Moldova, Morocco, the Palestinian Authority, Syria, Tunisia and Ukraine. Later, however, it was extended to include the countries of the Southern Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia) with whom the present candidate countries, Bulgaria, Romania and Turkey, share either a maritime or land border. The paper concludes that by eradicating terrorists or criminal activities and by strengthening the political and justice systems in the country, the ENP will be helpful to Georgia. The paper includes many quotations.

Table of Contents:
Introduction to Study
Introduction
Background/ History
Theoretical Framework
European Integration Theory
Social Theory and International Negotiation Theory
Literature Review
Purpose of the EU
EU Pursues Two Main Types of Policies towards the Rest of the World
Economic Policies
Foreign and Security Policies through the Common Foreign and Security Policy and Defense Policy Cooperation
Enlargement
Development of ENP
ENP Framework: Objectives, Principles and Instrument
European Security Strategy as a Foundation of ENP
The European Neighborhood Policy
Trade and Competitiveness
Development
Strategic Relations, Political Dialogue and CFSP
EU-Georgia Relations
From Partnership to Neighborhood and beyond Neighborhood Policy
EU-Georgia Partnership and Cooperation Agreement
Analysis
Looking at the Neighborhood from Georgian Perspective
Why is ENP Important for EU and for Georgia?
The Military Sector
The Economic Sector
The Education Sector
The Environmental Sector
The Society Sector
The Political Sector
How Sectors are Synthesized
EU Interests towards Black Sea Region: Why Georgia Matters?
Conclusion

From the Paper
"According to the commission's report these agreements permit the expansion of cooperation and economic amalgamation across a variety of domains. The effects of these agreements have not been realized at the current time. In any case, the ENP provides a foundation for improved cooperation in many distinct domains so that the EU and its partners can realize the full benefit of the structures that are in place (European Neighborhood Policy). To this end, the Action Plans will establish key priorities to be tackled in the years to come."

Tags:bilateral, action, integration, sector, terrorism

Abstract
This paper explains that Emirates Airlines' present strategy, business model, environmental factors and available resources have given it a competitive advantage over its competition. Next, the author reviews the company's organizational, marketing, human resources and competitive strategies, the characteristics of the national market, its competitors and its business model. The paper includes PESTLE and SWOT analysis leading to the conclusion that the front-burner managerial position of the company is important to its success.

Executive Summary
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Emirates Overall Strategy
Competitive Strategy
Organisational Strategy
Marketing Strategy
Human Resources Strategy
Competitor Analysis, Product Market Dimensions and Structural Characteristics of National Market
Environmental Environment: PESTLE Analysis
Company's, Resources: Strengths and Weaknesses, External Opportunities and Threats

From the Paper
"One of the methods that have been used to make the company more competitive is embracing technology. Technology is a driving force in globalisation and has been adopted as one of the most important qualities for emirates airlines. Innovation and technology have managed to give the company a competitive edge over its rivals. For example, Emirates Airlines was the first player in the airline industry to offer seatback entertainment to passengers in all classes in a flight. The company's investment in advanced technology is part of its global strategy that is aimed at creating long term growth and competitive advantage."

Tags:investments sustainability, technological development, global integration, terrorism