Abstract
This paper explains that Neil Evernden in "The Natural Alien" impressively sweeps over the course of human history and the evolution of human thought demonstrating that reality consists in what one sees, and that one only sees what is important to one. The author points out that Evernden seems to be so obsessed with the "how" of how we talk about the environment that he seems to lose sight of the real issue. The paper then relates that William Leiss's chief focus in "Under Technology's Thumb" is to urge humankind to move away from domination of the earth and instead to move towards caring and respect for the earth. The author stresses that the sheer scholarship of both books is impressive. The paper concludes that neither writer had anything concrete or useful to say about the key issue that faces us today: sustainability.

From the Paper
"Indeed, if we could bring the social and other effects of our technologies into line with the fundamental value of sustainability, then we might have a hope of surviving to the next millennium and beyond. However, when we come to examine what practical help Leiss offers us with this ambition, he too falls short. True, he offers us his interesting and well-argued philosophy of "caring," and a compelling argument, in this context, against consumerism. It may well be true, as Leiss argues, that most people derive more satisfaction from caring for others than from consumerism."

Tags:scholarship, surviving, history, caring, respect

Abstract
This paper looks at how environmental problems often cause people to leave their homes to look for new places to live. The paper discusses the causes and effects of this migration, the reasons why people are forced to leave their homeland and the specific environmental disruptions, such as economics, population growth, crowded cities, air pollution, natural disasters, climate changes, lack of potable water etc., that cause the migration.

Tags:environmental migration

Abstract
This paper investigates the environmental strategies within the logistics field. It provides an overview of the proposed green logistics strategies and insights regarding currently adopted environmental logistics strategies in the UK. The paper explains that a broad literature review was carried, using wide variety of primary and secondary sources; also, an online survey questionnaire was sent to a large sample of companies within the UK, including manufacturing firms and Third Party Logistics Providers of all sizes. In addition, the paper provides an overview of a wide range of proposed environmental strategies, noting the research revealed that the environmental performance of the logistics sector is developing; however, it is still in its early stages as there are still great potential to be explored. The paper adds that the main issues associated with environment were considered energy and materials conservation and waste disposal. The paper concludes that compliance with the legislation is the primary reason for implementing green logistics strategies, while for small companies the reason more often was customer demand. Several figures are included with the paper.

Table of Contents:
List of Figures
List of Tables
Abbreviations
Terms of Reference
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Introduction
Green Logistics Strategies
Levels of Logistics Strategies
Inbound Logistics
Outbound Logistics
Internal Logistics
Transportation Strategies
Modal Change
Improving and Redesigning Logistical System
Improving Design
Improving Vehicle Utilization
Environmental Management System and Policy
Environmental Policy and Corporate Culture
ISO and EMAS
Motivation for Green Logistics
External Factors
Internal Motivators
Levels of Motivation
Main Problem Areas
Ecological Vs. Economical Factors
Organizational Limitations
Methodology
Findings and Analysis
Introduction
Information About Participants
Survey Questionnaire
Secondary Data
Importance of Environmental Issues
Survey Questionnaire
Analysis of Secondary Data
Environmental Management System and Policy
Survey Questionnaire
Analysis of Secondary Data
Implementation of Environmental Logistics Strategies
Survey Questionnaire
Analysis of Secondary Data
Reasons for Implementing Green Logistics Strategies
Survey Questionnaire
Analysis of Secondary Data
Main Problem Areas
Analysis of Secondary Data
Conclusions
Project Evaluation and Supervision
References
Appendices
Survey Questionnaire
Statistical Tests Performed For the Analysis of Primary Data
Overview of the Secondary Data

List of Figures
Scope of Logistical Environment Conservation Strategies
'Supplier Collection' and 'Onward Supply'
Participants' Length of Time Spent in Business
Importance of Environmental Issues
Future Importance of Environmental Issues
Level of Implementation of Environmental Logistics Strategies
Primary Reason for Implementing Green Logistics Strategies

List of Tables
Overview of the Surveys Used As Secondary Data
Survey Sample Breakdown
General Importance of Environmental Issues (Percentage of Respondents)
Environmental Policies (Percentage of Respondents)
Selected Green Logistics Strategies
Rankings of Reasons for Implementing Environmental Strategies

From the Paper
"With regards to the future importance, however, results were lower, as some companies considered the importance of environmental issues to be decreasing in the future. This possibly highlights the generally rising importance of environmental issues.
"Regarding specific environmental issues associated with logistics operations, waste disposal was seen as the most important factor. Relatively high importance was also attributed to energy and materials conservation; however some differences could be observed with regards to the water and air pollution. While non-US respondents attributed only average importance US firms regarded these two factors as being of relatively high importance, although no statistically significant difference was found."

Tags:green, survey, waste, disposal, conservation, marketing, climate, change

Abstract
This paper explains that, many years ago, the development of a systematic environmental policy began in Germany; but the reunification of the two German states (Federal Republic of Germany and German Democratic Republic), in 1990 created a great new challenge for German environmental policy because of the extensive environmental damage in the former GDR and because of the major economic crisis that started during this time. The author points out that the most remarkable result of increased environmental awareness was the development of an "eco-industry", a new manufacturing sector that develops pollution-control devices and other environmentally useful equipment. The paper concludes that the constantly changing world of politics requires innovative strategies to keep up with these changes; therefore, all available economic resources, environmental group leadership, and public environmental support, including the Green Party, should combine to overcome the obstacles created by potential economic and environmental tradeoffs.

Table of Contents
Literature Review
A Brief Review of Germany's Environmental History
Integration of Systems and Policies
Energy and Environmental Policy
Environmental Programs and Initiatives
Methodology
Results of Study
Organizational Structure of Environmental Protection in Germany
The Environment
Germany's Future
Economic and Political Options for Environmental Protection in Germany
Traditional Features of German Environmental Policy
Discussion, Conclusion and Recommendations

From the Paper
"Regulations and government actions to protect nature and human beings against environmentally hazardous activities of commercial and industrial firms have a long history in Germany. Environmental protection is anchored in private and public law, including building, public health and sanitation, and police laws. The Water Rights Act and the Factories Act set the standard for many subsequent laws. The various regulations created to prevent offensive emissions from becoming a nuisance to health and property were systematized and concentrated for the first time in the Prussian Industrial Statute of 1845."

Tags:green, regulation, damage, eco-industry, green

Abstract
This paper is a thorough review of the problem of environmental racism and whether it does indeed exist in Chicagoland. The paper also examines whether or not instances of environmental injustice have increased or decreased since President Bill Clinton's Executive Order 12898 was issued in 1994. The paper also attempts to determine whether the civil rights movement in general has left the environmental injustice/environmental racism agenda behind.

Table of Contents
Literature Review
Chicagoland Contaminated Sites
Environmental Racism/Environmental Injustice
Civil Rights Movement/Environmental Justice
Methodology
Results
New Handling of Environmental Remediation
Post-Executive Order 12898
Pre-Executive Order 12898 Remediation
Second Radioactive Cleanup Site
Printing Chemicals
Lead Removal at East St. Louis Sites
Illinois EPA Projects, 2004 and 2003
Activities in 2003
Activities in 2004
Activities in 2005
Discussion

From the Paper
"Within days of taking office the first time, William Jefferson Clinton initiated his 'governing by memoranda' activities. This article begins with his immediate overturning of the Bush I gag rule concerning abortion, and then went on rapidly to other birth-control issues, gays in the military and more. Because of these rapid and far-reaching actions, the concepts of policy tools has become one open to more scrutiny than before Clinton began his series of 25 presidential memoranda and 18 executive orders that "implemented the administration's reinventing government initiatives." Among the important memoranda this article analyzes was Executive Order 12898, the purpose of which "was to 'focus Federal attention on the environmental and human health conditions in minority communities and low-income communities with the goal of achieving environmental justice'." The memorandum, however, "specifically involved" civil rights laws already on the books and required to be used by federal agencies in, arguably, all the agencies' endeavors."

Tags:attorney, general, janet, reno, socio-demographic, studies, low-income, black, communities, hazardous, waste, sites

Abstract
This paper discusses the importance of African-American literature, in order to come to a true understanding of how influential and important this particular literature is. The paper claims that this literature has made an impact in many ways, including social, economic, environmental, cultural and historical.

Contents:
Introduction
The importance of African American Literature
The Implications of African American Literature
Social
Economic
Environmental
Cultural
Historical
How African-American Literature Has Changed -- Across the Genres
Slave Narratives and Biographies
Novels
Conclusion
Works Cited

From the Paper
"The changes in African-American literature are also very important. At least two genres will be discussed, one being slaved narratives and biographies and the other being novels, in order to understand how African-American literature has changed. It has not stayed the same over the course of time, and often it has evolved as history has evolved, changing and reshaping itself in order to fit the times that it finds itself in. Occasionally, however, a particular work of African-American literature will simply break away from what society considers as the norm for that time period, and the author will go off on his or her own to write something that he or she feels is vitally important."

Tags:black, slavery, novel, ethic, society, influence

Abstract
This research paper analyzes the effects of political opportunities and resources on environmental justice organization effectiveness. It emphasizes the role of networks as a resource with a direct influence on organizational effectiveness and also assesses the possible indirect effects of networks on organizational effectiveness through organizations' ability to acquire and mobilize resources. Furthermore, the paper synthesizes two predominant frameworks in the social movement literature-- political opportunity theory and resource mobilization theory -- by examining political resources as a contextual resource. The paper's analysis includes social network analysis, as well as statistical techniques such as factor analysis and regression. This paper includes a preamble, a survey, and an informed consent form.

Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Political Opportunity Theory
Resource Mobilization Theory
Methods
Data and Sample
Variable Measurement and Hypotheses
Dependent Variable
Independent Variables
Control Variables
Analytic Strategy
Strengths and Weaknesses
Conclusion
Appendix A: Principles of Environmental Justice
Appendix B: Survey
Appendix C: Informed Consent Form

From the Paper
"The more recent literature represents an important development in the understanding of social movements, as organizations' ability to influence policy and achieve other desirable objectives should be dependent on the presentation of issues, local and national political opportunities, and the degree to which they have sufficient resources and the ability to mobilize those resources. Likewise, organizations' connections to other organizations within and outside the social movement likely will influence their success. Notably, these factors (which originated in Tarrow's work) reflect what have become the dominant theoretical approaches in social movement scholarship: framing, political opportunity theory, and resource mobilization theory."

Tags:political, opportunity, resource, mobilization

Abstract
This paper looks at the environmental problems in Japan and then explores how these problems can be affected by social actions aimed at decreasing the intensity of contaminants, stopping environmental degradation, preserving organic assets and controlling wastages. The paper discusses the need for social groups to provide the producers and customers obvious indications about the price of employing ecological and organic assets. The paper also talks about the efforts that Japan must make to reinforce legislative and organizational formations managing ecological supervision. The paper concludes by pointing out that, while Japan has its own environmental problems to deal with, the solution to these problems cannot be executed in other countries as every government and social group varies.

Outline:
Introduction
Review of the Literature
Fiscal Measures
Amalgamation
Environmental Audit
Environmental Statistics
Public Partnership
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The post-industrialization era in Japan has radically transformed its political landscape, along with its societal elites and non-profit social organizations. Furthermore, a new mode of relationship has been discovered between the individual members of the society and nature. This is being thoroughly nurtured by non-profit social groups and organizations through collective social action (John et al, 1987). It is important to note here that social action ought to be backed by political influence. However, political influence varies from one part of the country to another (Yasumasa, 2001). For instance, social actions taken in Tokyo may have more political influence than social action taken in a remote city of Japan."

Tags:pollution, forests, lumber, solution, approach

Abstract
This paper examines the consequences and effects of fast fashion from an environmental perspective in the modern world. The paper specifically discusses the way that consumers have become more aware of the environmental aspects relating to modern fashion trends and examines consumers' attitudes to the environmental impact of fast fashion.

Table of Contents:
Chapter 1.
Introduction
Definitions
Fast Fashion and the environment
Customer awareness
Aims, objectives and limitations
Chapter 2.
Literature review
Methodology

From the Paper
"As the above quotation implies, the quantifiable method of inquiry provides a more in-depth and open-ended mode of investigation and analysis. Therefore, in order to apply this methodology to the study of consumer reaction, selected interviews will be conducted with as wide a range of participants as possible. This will also be supplemented by email questionnaires that will be sent to gauge the extent of consumer reaction. The questions that will be asked will be based in the information gleaned in the first stage of analysis on the various types of effects of fashion on environmental studies. The questions will however be as wide-ranging and open-ended as possible to encourage comprehensive responses."

Tags:consumerism, emissions, shopping, trend, price

Abstract
This research provides an overview and review of the research concerning Native-American or other minorities to identify and understand the cultural differences that lead to environmental racism.

Table of Contents
Chapter One
Statement of the Problem
Purpose
Importance
Scope
Rational
Definition of Terms
Overview
Chapter Two - Review of Related Literature
Introduction
Environmental Justice Research
The Campo Indian Landfill War: The Fight for Gold in California Garbage
Chapter Three - Methodology
Data Validity
Human Health and Social Effects
Analytical Methods
Treatment Technologies
Originality and Limitations
Summary of Methodology
Chapter 4 - Data Analysis
Chapter 5 - Summary, Recommendations and Conclusions
Bibliography
Appendices

From the Paper
"Native American nations have become increasingly concerned about the adverse effects that toxic substances have on human health and the health of the environments on which these communities depend. Many tribal governments are now working to identify environmental contamination problems and their sources; establish and enforce environmental regulations and standards; and develop long-term environmental protection objectives and restoration plans that will promote balance and health in their communities and in their relationships with the natural environment. As the magnitude and complexity of environmental problems have increased, the scientific and technical competency of Native Americans has grown to the point where they now demand a meaningful role in risk assessment, remediation and restoration decisions."

Tags:bioremediation, indian, pcb, pollution, tailings