Abstract
This paper states that environmental issues are not mutually exclusive to private entities that try to maximize profits and that there is the common misconception that the legal environment for businesses or business regulations does not coincide with environmental law. The paper's analysis of the simulation shows that business regulation especially in industries that deal with natural resources includes many aspects of environmental law, legal ramifications associated with environmental issues, and government regulation and bodies that maintain the laws and balance between productive activity and environmental depletion.

Outline:
Introduction
Major Issues in the Simulation
Ethical Dilemma: Understanding Values and Stakeholders
What Would Legal Counsel Suggest? Current Organizational Suggestions
Risk Analysis Matrix and Ethical Dilemma Revisited
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Other noted issues in the case study relate to the fact that Alumina realizes the importance of maintaining a good public image in the community by relying on critical public relations. This becomes an important aspect of business operations in the 21st century as the society is now more 'environmentally conscious' and makes purchases or support businesses that preserve the environment.
"Legal ramifications surrounding environmental issues are also evident from the situation that developed between Bates and Alumina. Bates made the claim that Alumina was responsible for her daughter's leukaemia, the issues surrounding the allegations and the way Alumina's management team dealt with the issue highlight some very important aspects of the regulations and legal issues in the simulation."

Tags:operations organization regulations productivity, natural resources

Abstract
The paper discusses how business regulation, especially in industries that deal with natural resources, includes many aspects of environmental law, legal ramifications associated with environmental issues, and government regulation and bodies that maintain the laws and balance between productive activity and environmental depletion.

From the Paper
"Environmental issues are not mutually exclusive to private entities that try to maximize profits. There is the common misconception that the legal environment for businesses or business regulations does not coincide with environmental law. As the analysis of the simulation will show, business regulation especially in industries that deal with natural resources includes many aspects of environmental law, legal ramifications associated with environmental issues, and government regulation and bodies that maintain the laws and balance between productive activity and environmental depletion."

Tags:regulatory, risk, business

Abstract
This paper discusses environmental law and the issue of whether corporations should be excused from criminal penalties when they voluntarily disclose environmental crimes that have occurred as a result of the corporate operations, noting that the issue is raised in order to determine if it is better to get corporations to admit wrongdoing in order to bring about change and reduce the costs of enforcement or to insist on fines and punishment for the deterrent effect on other corporations.

From the Paper
"Should corporations be excused from criminal penalties when they voluntarily disclose environmental crimes that have occurred as a result of the corporate operations? The issue is raised in order to determine if it is better to get corporations to admit wrongdoing in order to bring about change and reduce the costs of enforcement or to insist on fines and punishment for the deterrent effect on other corporations. There are arguments that can be raised in both sides of the issue, some suggesting that society benefits from giving corporations a greater incentive to be open even about criminal behavior and that punishment does not accomplish the benefits desired without adding more costs to the process, and some stating that society benefits only when wrongdoing is punished so that enforcement of the law is even-handed and so further wrongdoing is deterred."

Tags:environmental, law, questions

Abstract
The paper maintains that there can be little doubt that a host of factors determine a nation environmental policy, just as there can be no doubt that a host of factors determine a country environmental laws. With that in mind and at the risk of appearing simplistic, it may be said that environmental policy is the public posture a government takes on environmental issues as well as the way in which it materially addresses environmental concerns through the allocation of resources and or through the physical regulation of industries.

Tags:discussion, causes, consequences

Abstract
This paper explains that Garrett Hardin introduced ethics into the environmental equation in "The Tragedy of the Commons", a collection of essays on population and resources, which generated thought-provoking analysis across a wide range of disciplines, including environmental law and politics. The author stresses that Hardin's theories have been debated, if not acknowledged, for over 22 years.The paper comments that history has shown that, overall, humans are more reactive than proactive; it often takes a major experience in one's life to take action.

From the Paper
"Joyner has been involved with CCAMLR as well as the evolution of the Antarctic Treaty of 1959 that meets on matters of environment, meteorology, telecommunications and wide-ranging research, and the Protocol on Environmental Protection adopted in 1991 in Madrid as the legal basis for the protection of Antarctica. The Antarctic marine commons, he says, "is the largest and most conspicuous coherent ecosystem on Earth" (145). Interfering with it, by over-fishing krill, for instance, can endanger the entire system. He stresses how states have put aside their differences so mutual agreements could be reached. He cites how opposing sides in the Cold War cooperated in managing the "frozen commons" that included agreeing to inspection schemes and arms control. "The cases analyzed make it evident that environmental regimes do make a difference," he concludes."

Tags:population, resources, law, politics, proactive

From the Paper
"Federal and state laws that protect the environment affect businesses of all kinds, not just developers. Consequently, numerous firms have sprung up that help companies navigate this area. To succeed, such firms must be knowledgeable about many areas of the law beyond their expertise in environmental law. This paper will examine the breadth of knowledge required for a successful environmental consulting firm.
This hypothetical firm provides services for environmental site assessments, environmental compliance audits, discharge permit acquisitions, and environmental liability assessments associated with real property transfers. In addition to environmental law, the firm would need to be familiar with administrative law, contract law, labor law, and real property law (land use control)."

Abstract
This paper is devoted to the dilemma of clarifying the ethical, legal, and public relations matters pertaining to toxic, production waste dumping. It is written from the perspective of the Vice President of Production and de facto head of the company seeking to dispose of the waste. The paper considers the potential legal liability of the company regarding toxic substances, the substance?s effects on the local environment and health of the local population, and any breaches of ethics committed by the parties involved.

From the Paper
"Firstly, the company is responsible for keeping abreast of all legal aspects of dumping. This includes but is not limited to which wastes can be contained in holding ponds, as dictated by the current laws of the state and nation. The holding pond must be in line with regulations regarding the disposal of the particular wastes involved. In the current scenario, it is at least gratifying that the Vice President of the company attempted to make sure that the environmental consultant for the company agreed that the dumping would be in compliance with all of the legal strictures regarding the disposal of waste materials."

Tags:sewer, system, waterways, justice, department, polluted, wastewater, crimes, disposal, regulations

From the Paper
"The socialist society is founded upon public ownership and management of nonconsumption assets; the government is required to act as a conservator. This function has proved to be incompatible with "socialist legality," the ideal that the government should adhere to a known law.

SOVIET ENVIRONMENTAL LAW: GENERAL ANALYSIS
Article 14 of the original Constitution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics declared all natural resources, lands, minerals and forests to be the property of the state, incapable of private ownership and exploitation: thus government action was necessary to preserve the environment or remedy pollution. Article 67 of the 1977 Constitution obligates citizens to "protect nature and conserve its riches."

Under the 1968 Fundamental Land Legislation of the Supreme

Abstract
In the last decade of deregulatory executive orientation, the demands for better federal environmental laws, especially regarding emissions and toxic dumping, have gone unheeded; therefore, successful environmental groups have had to use tort proceedings. However, the author contends that, without meaningful legislative support, tort laws does not have the impact needed to fight corporate environmental criminals. The paper concludes that the creation of emission and pollutant criminal laws that are economically rational and aggressively pursued with significant penalties is the best way to achieve systemic improvements in the protection of the environment.

From the Paper
"The most important distinction between these two approaches is that criminal law tends to take a reactionary approach to environmental issues, as might we argue is a precondition of criminal law as a whole. Its role as a respondent to conditions of environmental abuse will usually take the form of the above elaborated tort claim levied by those claiming to be victims of criminal environmental abuses. Absent of such charges, criminal law tends to be of lesser usefulness in terms of providing protections than regulations, which are of a more pointedly preventative nature."

Tags:loss, legal conditionality, public impression, regulation, real consequences

Abstract
This essay discusses important issues in environmental ethics. It gives an overview of three important environmental laws throughout history: everything in nature is interlinked and dependent on each other, all environmental factors and elements react directly or indirectly to human activity and that nature's intricacy and multiplicity is the source of its consistency, protection and elasticity. The essay asks the following question: If every human action has an environmental reaction, what must be done to preserve the environment for future generations? The essay finds that to achieve a standard in environmental preservation, clear indicators must be specified on what must be constant. Further, the essay finds that what must be constant for future generations are the current accommodations, basic necessities of food, water and clothing, biodiversity, health and medical systems and pure environmental setups.

From the Paper
"The end results of studying environmental ethics in the light of the aforementioned laws are the creation of the imperative of sustainability and a precautionary principle. By imperative of sustainability, it simply means that the future trends and precautions are recognized and understood for an extended period of time after analyzing the current trends of the environment and social structures as a whole. So simply put, the imperative of sustainability is a long-term plan designed following current trends."

Tags:sustainability, biodiversity, ethics, ecology