Abstract This paper discusses the intersection between entrepreneurship and strategic alliances and explores research opportunities related to this particular relationship. The paper contains four sections including background information relevant to entrepreneurship, research objectives, research methodology, and a conclusion with recommendations.
From the Paper "The purpose of this report is to examine the nexus between the entrepreneurship and strategic alliance literature and to explore research opportunities related to this ..."
Abstract This paper covers the essential elements of entrepreneurship, the opportunity for independence, the need to identify new venture opportunities, how to develop a business plan and marketing strategies. The author points out the importance of the entry strategy on success of a new venture. The paper stresses the challenges of producing financial success.
From the Paper "An entrepreneur is an individual engaged in the process of starting and growing his or her own business. In the United States, about .... .new businesses are started each year Some succeed but many fail because ideas for new ventures are not necessarily viable business opportunities. Business ideas need to be systematically evaluated to determine if they represent real business opportunities. An idea is an opportunity only if it has some realistic chance for success. Opportunities are needs wants problems and challenges that point to a market, to customers ..."
Abstract This study asks the question of why it is that some organizational cultures encourage innovation and entrepreneurship to a greater extent than others as this issue has received a great deal of attention from psychologists and researchers. This work examines the effect of inter-organizational media including language and text media and the role that this media plays in encouraging or alternatively failing to encourage innovation and entrepreneurship within the organization. The methodology of this study is qualitative in nature and is through the means of a discourse analysis that seeks to examine the role that this public awareness media or discourse within the organization affects the level of innovation and entrepreneurship of the organization. Specifically, this study is conducted through an extensive review of the literature relating to the role of media in terms of the creation of and sustaining of knowledge within the organization and in driving innovation and entrepreneurship of the organization. Findings in this study include those, which demonstrate the need for a social cognitive aspect of entrepreneurship development in the organization accompanied by strategic management of entrepreneurship.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Literature Review
Research Questions
Conceptual Framework
Methodology
Hypotheses
Data Analysis
Discussion & Limitations
Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper "The essential characteristics of the entrepreneurial activities such as creation, innovation and novel ways of thinking are critical in building media business success. On the other hand, media also play an important role in influencing the entrepreneurship phenomenon, by creating a discourse that transmits values and images ascribed to entrepreneurship, by providing a carrier promoting entrepreneurial practices, and by encouraging an entrepreneurial spirit in the society. Through these means, media and entrepreneurship have a reciprocal impact. In view of this unique and significant mutual effect between media and entrepreneurship, investigating how entrepreneurship affects the media industries and, at the same time, how media influence entrepreneurial activities, appears necessary and meaningful." (nd) There is stated to be a great deal of alignment between the "dimensions of the entrepreneurial process..." and "characteristics of the media products."
This paper discusses the books 'Black Wealth Through Black Entrepreneurship' by Robert Wallace and 'Black Entrepreneurship in America' by Shelly Green and Paul Pryde.
Abstract In this essay, the writer examines two books addressing the topic of black entrepreneurship, Robert Wallace's 'Black Wealth Through Black Entrepreneurship' and Shelly Green and Paul Pryde's 'Black Entrepreneurship in America'. The writer notes that both volumes examine the relative lack of wealth in the black community, despite the removal of legal restrictions on black participation in the business area, such as limitations on ownership, hiring and promotion discrimination, and discrimination in lending and capital provision to minority entrepreneurs. The writer discusses that each book analyzes the specific influences on the black community, and possibly the culture, which contribute to this lack of entrepreneurship and capital ownership.
From the Paper "Green and Pryde's book more directly addresses the issue, specifically examining social criteria necessary for a business class to be created and the lack of these phenomena in the black community. The need for resources is a major factor in the creation of a business class and in the encouragement of entrepreneurship among a community, and although the black communities tend to have fewer financial resources than their white counterparts, Green and Pryde note that they are far from impoverished as a class. They note that new economic activity tends to spring up where resources, especially money, are available to support it, but in spite of this, the black community has not seen such a spurt of new business ventures. The black community, say Green and Pryde, is not nearly as poor as its cultural mythology and popular culture would have it believe."
Abstract In this article, the writer critically evaluates the key success factors that corporations that are successfully managing corporate entrepreneurship programs have in common as well as which factors vary. The writer addresses the issue of how competitors to companies who have successfully put corporate entrepreneurship programs into place attempt to create comparable entrepreneurial climates and copy processes proven to be successful. Four companies who have successfully used corporate entrepreneurship programs are used as the basis of this analysis.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Introducing IBM's Emerging Business Opportunity (EBO) Unit
Nokia's Approach to Corporate Entrepreneurship Toshiba's Unorthodox Laptop Journey
Trilogy Software and the Indian Corporate Entrepreneurship Connection
Summary
References
From the Paper "The EBO process within IBM quickly became one that had three parameters associated with project progress. These include project-based milestones, financials, and assessments of the specific business' maturity. As IBM's culture is heavily focused on metrics of performance, additional milestones included market acceptance including the number of customer pilots, customer references and design-ins, mentions by key industry analysts, product development checkpoints, internal execution, and software vendor partnerships. EBO-based initiatives also were staffed with the most senior members of the management team, and while these seasoned veterans complained they felt they were being actually demoted, in fact EBO leadership gave them the opportunity to gain a higher level of visibility than was the case before."
Abstract This paper takes an in-depth look at entrepreneurship, the various forms of business enterprise and the impact entrepreneurship has on American society. The paper reviews, explains and discusses the various forms of entrepreneurship focusing on the properties and requirements of each.
Outline:
Executive Summary
Abstract Chapter I.
Introduction
Background Information
Statement of Problem
Research Questions
Significance of Research
Chapter II.
Literature Review
The role of the Entrepreneur in Starting and Operating a Business
The Major Forms of Conducting Business
Sole Proprietorships Advantages
Disadvantages
Tax Responsibilities associated with a Sole Proprietorship
Statistics related to Sole Proprietorships
Partnerships
General Partnerships
Limited Liability Partnerships
Joint Ventures
Advantages
Disadvantages
Tax Responsibilities associated with Partnerships
Statistics related to Partnerships
Corporations
Sub chapter
Corporations
Advantages
Disadvantages
Tax Responsibilities associated with Corporations
Statistics related to Corporations
Limited Liability Company (L LC)
Non Profits and Cooperatives
Non Profit Organizations Cooperatives
Agricultural Cooperatives
Credit Unions
Food Cooperatives and Buying Clubs
Housing Cooperatives
Advantages and Disadvantages of Nonprofits and Cooperatives
Types of For-Profit Businesses (Franchising and Ecommerce) Franchising Factors associated with Franchising
Advantages of Franchising
Disadvantages of Franchising
Ecommerce
Advantages and Disadvantages
Financing the Business
Equity Financing
Debt Financing
Barriers to Entrepreneurs and Obtaining Financing for Small Businesses Employees
Marketing
Chapter III. Methodology
Chapter IV. Results
Chapter V. Discussion and Conclusion Recommendations
From the Paper "The author explains that housing cooperative make up the most significant sector of Cooperatives in California and many other states (What is a Co-op). Housing cooperatives are unique in that they are actually corporations that are owned by members or shareholders who are then able to receive housing from the cooperative (What is a Co-op). As it relates to housing cooperatives each member owns a share in the corporation, which allows them to live in a unit of housing (What is a Co-op). This type of cooperative is usually financed through a large mortgage that includes the entire property (What is a Co-op). These mortgage payments and operating expenses are paid for through member carrying charges (What is a Co-op). Housing Cooperatives usually come in the form of condos, townhouses and apartment buildings. Many cooperatives were initially created to supply affordable housing and ownership opportunities for low and moderate income individuals (What is a Co-op). Housing cooperatives usually receive public subsidies to ensure affordable carrying charges (What is a Co-op). In addition, the share prices in housing cooperatives are usually low, and member households are not allowed to own more than one share (What is a Co-op). To maintain affordability and prevent speculative resale, there are also price restrictions on the sale of shares."
Abstract This paper discusses the importance and nature of entrepreneurship with focus on Asian and Hong Kong entrepreneurs. It explores the new significance of entrepreneurship in the global community. The author explains the Asian approach to entrepreneurship.
From the Paper "The notion of entrepreneurship was first introduced by Richard Cantillon and later popularized by the French economist J B Say. The term entrepreneur originally referred to merchant wholesalers who bear the risk ..."
Tags:Entrepreneurship, Hong Kong, Asian entrepreneurs
Abstract This paper explores two methodological paradigms for the study of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial education - those of positivism and interpretivism. It then describes entrepreneurial education and cognition and how these are used within management and entrepreneurship. The paper concludes by explaining positivism and its context and intention within the realm of entrepreneurship.
Table of Contents:
Introduction And Overview
Research Paradigms In Management Research
Entrepreneurial Cognition And Education
Conclusion: Positivism In Context
From the Paper "The above discussion has enumerated many of the strengths and weaknesses of interpretivist approach to methodology. These include the subjective and relative aspects which can pose a problem, particularly with regard to the educative aspects of entrepreneurial training. Simply stated, many students do not have the experience or acumen to creatively deal with or project the more subjective components of the interpretivist approach. This would mean that the positivist and more accessible quantitative strategies as discussed above would be the more applicable methodologically and more appropriate to the entrepreneurial education environment."
Abstract This paper examines how entrepreneurship is as active as it has ever been and how, regardless of the industry or beginning size of the business, there is opportunity still in having good ideas. It explains the four phases of a business cycle for an entrepreneur incorporating an effective business plan during the phases and shows how the old principles still hold today: The good idea that fills a niche, backed with good solid planning. if not as much cash as everyone would like.
Outline
Abstract
Overview
Entrepreneurship Effective Business Planning
The Value of a Business Plan
Benefits of Business Plan
Lack of Business Plan
Start-Up Phase
Growth Phase
Maturity Phase
Stability/Decline
Examples
Measuring Up
Conclusion
Table of Figures
References
From the Paper "The primary value of the business plan will be to create a written outline that evaluates all aspects of the economic viability of the business venture including a description and analysis of the business prospects. Typically thought of as only something needed to acquire funding either through lending institutions or investors groups, many fail to understand the management benefits of a well-constructed business plan. Many successful business owners have attributed frequent referral to their business plans as the single most important tool they found in keeping their business on track and working toward goals rather than allowing the business to spin out of control with them chasing behind, wondering where they were headed next (Cohen 38)."
Abstract This paper examines the lives of the four leading lights of financial entrepreneurship in the United States, Michael Milken, Lewis Ranieri, Richard Sandor, and Myron Scholes, who have had a sizeable role in financial entrepreneurship in the U.S. over the last 20 years. It discusses their personal achievements and looks at how there is much room in the United States for innovation and how education is the key to success.
Outline
Thesis Statement
Introduction
Michael Milken
The Secret World of Mike Milken
Lewis Ranieri
Richard Sandor
Derivatives Strategy
Chicago Climate Exchange
Myron Scholes
Glenn Yago
Problems and the Solutions
The Choice
Debt Denied to Some Industries
The Future
Conclusion
From the Paper "Hurwitz had paid approximately $900 million for 196,000 acres owned by Pacific Lumber. If his proposal to sell 4,500 acres for $600 million is accepted by the government, Hurwitz would get a profit of more than 2,800 percent. His threat would be taken seriously by people who know him. The company has already cut hundreds of trees in the old-growth grove of Owl Creek on holidays and weekends when state regulators were not working, in violation of the California Board of Forestry cutting regulations twice in 1992. Both times the cutting had to be stopped through court injunction. Under their current plans, MAXXAM will harvest all the remaining old-growth redwoods it owns within the next 14 years. Many of the trees in the Headwaters Forest are as old as 2000 years."
Abstract This paper explains that the main theory behind this research is the belief that entrepreneurs do act differently from standard employees and that these entrepreneurs may either help or hinder their businesses based on the actions that they take. The author points out that, within the literature on management and organizations, there is a growing consensus that entrepreneurship has a very significant effect on an organization because innovation and invention, which are related to organizational productivity, are linked very strongly to entrepreneurship. The paper reports that research will be quantitative, using scaled questionnaires, which will involve entrepreneurs from both large and small companies.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Justification for Research Topic
Aims and Objectives
Aims
Objectives
Theories and Concepts
Review of Related Literature
Methodology
Research Approach and Methods
Setting or Context for the Research
Explanation and Justification of Research Methods
Accessibility of the Data
Interpretation and Analysis of the Data
Tentative Timeline for Research Completion
From the Paper "Because the relationship between the performance of the organization and the entrepreneurship issue is so important, it has not been limited strictly to the private sector but has also been discussed within the context of education. Academic entrepreneurship is generally designed to increase the institutional or individual profit, prestige, or influence through developing and then marketing various research ideas or products that were based on that research. Generally, universities are not seen as being leaders when it comes to entrepreneurship. Individual attitudes and characteristics are often emphasized by organizational psychologists as being a strong source of entrepreneurship."
Abstract This paper reviews eight web site sources which provide valuable information with regards to female entrepreneurship and feminism. It offers an annotated bibliography and two-paragraph summary of each source as well as a paragraph outlining how this source will be utilized in the author's upcoming work on the phenomenon of female entrepreneurship and feminism around the world.
From the Paper "This site, administered and sponsored by the Education Foundation, features interesting articles on how to be a successful young entrepreneur. The article I have reviewed provides information on where young women should look when seeking entrepreneurial opportunities; similarly, a rough profile is presented of female entrepreneurs and what characteristics they possess (in truth, they are ordinary people who simply have the courage to pursue their passions). Lastly, the site contains a link to Seton Hall University's National Education Center for Women in Business."
Tags: feminism, women, business, female, gender, sex
Abstract The writer compares ethical models used in business in the United States with those used in the United Kingdom. The writer works to display similarities as well as differences to provide a solid understanding of entrepreneurship in the United Kingdom.
From the Paper "As history has shown the business models of England and Scotland are similar to the business models in the states. Each of them project long term as well as short term goals that are designed to promote growth and financial solvency. The difference between the models in the three nations are imbedded in cultural differences as well as differences in currency. The 24/7 model seems to be solid and appears able to avoid embarrassing failures such as the recent Enron problems."
Abstract This paper examines the motivation for immigrants flocking to the United States in order to find a better life, personally and professionally. According to this author, America is so attractive to immigrants because it provides opportunities for all races and guarantees that one will not be discriminated on the basis of his race, national origin, gender or age. The paper also examines why there is a very high rate of entrepreneurship among the immigrant population and discusses the significance of the hotel and restaurant business to their initial successes in America. The paper then discusses the state of immigrant's rights since the September 11th attack, detailing some of the new policies that have been enacted as a reaction to this horrible tragedy and details some of the arguments against the new policies that have been proposed in order to monitor immigration more carefully. This paper argues that taking away the rights of immigrants is violating the constitutional rights and that America cannot take away the rights of immigrants and not the natives without violating the Constitution.
From the Paper "Communication is mandatory if official business agreements and contracts are to be truly fair on both sides. If immigrants come to America and are not fluent in the English language, then many opportunities are automatically denied to them. 3) Many immigrants will opt to turn away from investments, major purchases, franchises and many other privileges this country has to offer them because it is less frustrating to accept a lower quality of life then to attempt to communicate with highly educated citizens on a professional level. In these particular cases, immigrants are not deliberately denied equal rights, but they are missing out on equal opportunities and privileges they were promised on receiving their citizenship. Only recently has it been recognized as an indirect violation of their constitutional rights. To solve this problem, many bilingual programs are now being offered to immigrants who do not know how to speak English. Many of these programs are free, available to adults and children."
Abstract This paper is on Czech entrepreneurship. With the coming enlargement of the European Union (EU) and the now certainty (barring something catastrophic between now and May 2004) of the inclusion of a group of nations with government central planning backgrounds, special emphasis is being placed on the role of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) within those countries.
