Abstract
This paper describes fusion and matter-anti-matter reactions as alternative energy sources. The author rates these energy sources. The paper explains that technical changes are required for their use as alternative energy sources.

From the Paper
"Energy is one of the most important issues facing human civilization. There are many alternative energy sources that are not based on fossil fuels. Nuclear fusion and matter-anti-matter reactions have been suggested as an energy source. Many researchers believe that nuclear fusion is the answer to the worlds energy needs. According to Roger O. Bangerter et al in The Fire Next Time, "Fusion takes advantage of the most powerful Force in nature, the so-called strong force, Which binds protons and neutron into atomic nuclei"(Bangerter et al. 21)."

Tags:unconventional, energy, options

Abstract
This paper examines several alternative energy sources, discussing the context and rational motivation for using alternative energy and providing recommendations for a public policy framework.

From the Paper
"The world's dependence upon fossil fuels has precipitated a number of problems that can be met with a transition to alternative energy sources. While fossil fuel stores are limited, alternative energy sources can yield more energy, often at less cost, in a more sustainable manner. In addition, the burning of fossil fuels contributes to the problem of global warming, while the use of alternative energy sources does not. Global warming is exacerbated by the carbon dioxide that the burning..."

Tags:public administration, energy, renewable, green, clean, alternative energy, context, rational motivation, recommendations, water, biomass, solar, wind, hydrogen, nuclear power, OTEC

Abstract
This paper provides an overview of what energy means to humanity. The paper explores the problems associated with non-renewable energy sources. This is followed by an examination of some of the more promising alternative energy sources being investigated and used today. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion.

Contents:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Problems Associated with Non-renewable Energy Sources
Alternative Renewable Energy Sources
Summary and Conclusion

From the Paper
"People have always been looking for alternative forms of energy to improve their chances for survival and simply to make their lives easier. From the first hitching of an ox to a plow, a horse to a wheeled cart, or a primitive water wheel for milling grain, people have always tried to minimize their labor and maximize their efforts. Up until about 1800, though, the primary source of fuel was wood and people still relied heavily on animals for transportation and power. However, since the Industrial Revolution, there has been in increasing reliance on nonrenewable fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum as a main source of energy. The costs associated with the use of such fossil fuels has been enormous, both in terms of environmental impact and the high economic costs involved with how these fuels must be obtained, refined and delivered to consumers. All of these steps require energy in and of themselves, and many observers are questioning the logic of continuing to pursue antiquated technologies in view of the alternative energy sources that have emerged over the last few decades."

Tags:fusion, oil, petroleum, power, wind, electricity

Abstract
This paper attempts to analyze the economic situation of current oil resources, the principles of supply and demand and the need for alternative energy as emphasized by President Bush. The paper discusses how if we want global economic stability, the energy sector requires due attention. The rising demand for oil, its increasing prices and possible depletion of oil resources demand alternative energy sources. The paper contends that other countries should join the US in pushing for economic betterment of their countries and the world in general.

Outline:
Energy Scenario in US and Bush Administration
Economy of Energy Sector
Demand for Energy
Supply of Energy
Demand and Supply Equation
Oil Peak and Search for Alternative Sources
Conclusions

From the Paper
"President Bush has started giving more importance to alternative energy sources. In order to emphasize the need for alternative energy sources he toured advanced energy technology companies in Wisconsin and Michigan. He talked about different energy sources and new options like nuclear energy, solar power and a hybrid gas-electric car. "Overall, Bush's 2007 energy plan calls for a 22% increase in clean-energy research at the Department of Energy. It seeks to invest more in low-pollution coal-fired power plants, solar and wind technologies and nuclear energy" (Benedetto, 2006)."

Tags:supply, demand, nuclear, hybrid, solar, wind, oil

Abstract
This paper examines how energy is the vital force powering business, manufacturing, and the transportation of goods and services to serve the American and world economies and how, if we don't do something, there could be a problem. It looks at how we can't continue to rely on fossil fuels as we do today because of their limited supplies and how we need to find new, renewable, and alternative energy sources. It analyzes the technologies, such as hydropower, hydrogen and fuel cells, geothermal, and biomass, and shows how we need to decide what we are going to do to change our ways and help preserve the world we love.

From the Paper
"The last predominate renewable energy source is from water or what is called hydropower. We can harness one of the earth's most predominate resources to our advantage and create clean renewable energy. According to the Alternative Energy Institute, "There are several favorable features of hydropower. Anywhere sufficient rain falls, there will be rivers. If a particular section of river has the right terrain to form a reservoir, it may be suitable for dam construction. Once the system has been installed, no fossil fuels are required to produce the electricity, and the earth's hydrologic cycle naturally replenishes the "fuel" supply (Alternative Energy Institute)."

Tags:hydropower, fuel, hydrogen, biomass, geothermal, fossil

Abstract
This paper discusses the problems we face with our current methods of creating energy and list other possible ways to generate energy as well as the pros and cons for each instance. The paper also discusses hydroelectric, biomass, wind power, solar power, nuclear power, and fossil fuel energy.

From the Paper
"Fission, a nuclear process, is already in use throughout the planet. In order to produce electricity, the energy released by fission is generally used to heat water which in turn produces steam to power a turbine (Energy Matters). Relatively little fuel is needed for fission and it's generally an inexpensive method. Another benefit: fission is not believed to cause pollution or contribute to global warming in any way. However, not every country can use this method, depending on the amount of uranium present in that area. Also, fission can be a dangerous procedure. A nuclear meltdown can prove harmful to humans and the environment around a nuclear plant, and the waste left over from the fission process can be used to make nuclear weapons a highly destructive tool. (Energy Matters)."

Tags:biomass, fission, fossil, fuels, fusion, greenhouse-effect, hydroelectric, light, nuclear, pollution, solar, solar, panels, watt

Abstract
This paper assesses the costs and benefits to the environment of using nuclear energy. The paper explains that while theoretically nuclear energy is a clean, effective, efficient and almost inexhaustible form of power, public opinion is widely opposed to its usage. However, the author of this paper maintains that that opposition is based on misinformation. The paper explains the process of creating and harnessing nuclear energy, showing how it is nearly identical -- save the source of the heat -- to that used by geothermal energy plants and many coal-burning plants. The paper further demonstrates that nuclear energy is actually the safest, most environmentally-sound energy option and concludes that more should be done to support its adoption as America's primary sustainable energy source.

From the Paper
"The public's apprehensive assessment of nuclear power remains its most serious obstacle. Although disasters and fatalities have been fairly limited, the potential for catastrophe is not overlooked by anyone. The Three Mile Island disaster seems to be burned into public perception regarding any discussion of nuclear energy (Beder, 224-5). Additionally, radioactive nuclear waste cannot be dumped back into the environment: it remains dangerous for thousands of years. As a consequence, collecting, relocating, and storing this waste presents environmental risks that most other energy resources are not associated with. Naturally, if proper precautions are taken and no mishaps occur; nuclear power is perhaps the most cost effective, cleanest, safest, and sustainable form of energy society has to offer. However, all rests upon its appropriate handling and the public's trust in its distributors."

Tags:energy, recycling, sustainable, global, warming, nuclear, coal, feul, environmentalism, power

Abstract
The paper states that, in light of the effects of global warming,
it presents the case for alternative energy sources, which are becoming popular. both because they do not contribute greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, and also because they are less expensive for the most part than electricity produced by coal, oil and gas. The paper reviews the positives and the negatives for wind energy, and discusses in depth the reasons why solar energy and biomass energy sources are very attractive and offer consumers practical ways to spend less on heating and cooling homes.

Outline:
Wind Energy
Problems with Windmills
Biomass
Solar Energy
Passive Solar
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), among the most visible and powerful advocacy and conservation organizations in the U.S. (www.nrdc.org), explains that currently California has the most wind power generation in America. Texas ranks second on the list of states with wind power, with "about half" of the wind plants that California has. The good news for consumers is that the cost of wind energy now is competitive with new coal-fired or gas-fired power plants, NRDC reports. Indeed the cost of wind energy has come down "85 percent in the past 20 years," according to the U.S. Department of Energy.
Wind of course is free, and it blows significantly, consistently, hard enough to turn rotors of windmills and produce reliable electricity in about one-fourth of the land area of the U.S., the UCS explains. The NRDC points out that windmills can be built "in a fraction of the time it takes to construct coal or natural gas power plants." Moreover, it takes just three to eight months for a windmill farm to "recoup its investment in building and installation" (NRDC). Why are windmill farms needed? About 68% of the energy produced in the U.S. today, the NRDC explains, comes from "burning polluting fossil fuels." Nuclear power plants and hydropower produce the rest, "with only a fraction coming from clean, renewable sources such as the wind, the sun, underground steam and biomass." But in 15 states laws have been passed that require power companies to produce "a percentage of electricity from renewable sources." In some states, like Texas for example, consumers can choose "Green Pricing" on their utility bills; that means the electricity that family uses will be exclusively from wind power, or other renewable sources. Meanwhile, in some countries, like Denmark, windmills have been put to use in massive numbers. According to the magazine www.Scandinavica.com, fully 20% of all the electricity in Denmark comes from wind energy."

Tags:natural, resources, conservation, organization, wind, power, generation, energy

Abstract
This paper discusses the different types of alternate energy sources. There are three reasons for the U.S. to find alternate energy sources: cost, dependence on the Mid East, and the environment. This paper discusses the importance of both home and automobile alternate energy sources. The U.S. has offered incentives for different companies to work on finding these sources.

From the Paper
""At some plants, electric and fuel costs alone can be reduced by more than 30 percent -- $200 million in one case - by taking advantage of smarter procurement methods already available but underutilized" (Industrial Energy, 3005, 27). These statistics are something that many businesses must consider with the fear of higher and higher energy costs. America has been warned on the news that natural gas prices can go up as high as 70 percent this winter. "But now, with natural gas rising to more than $7 per million BTUs and eastern coal up to $60 per ton, average U.S. electricity prices, by state, now range from 5 cents to 16 cents per kilowatt hour (kwh)" (Carey, Aston, Hibbard, and Grover, 2005, 36). Recently, the news warned that gasoline prices could go up as high as $5.00 a gallon during the Katrina crisis."

Tags:alternate, energy, types

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses energy demand and supply in the United States. The writer examines the continuing need for energy imports. The writer looks at consumption issues in this paper, as the options of increased production, conservation and efficiency and alternative energy sources are discussed.

From the Paper
"The recent sharp increase in U.S. gasoline prices has called new attention to the problem of U.S. dependence on foreign energy sources. Attention has again been called to issues of energy consumption, domestic production, waste conservation and a host of related issues. All of this is taking place against the backdrop of an increasingly frustrating war in a major Middle Eastern oil-producing country. As the ... "

Tags:us, energy, consumption, production, oil, nuclear, solar, alternative, renewable