Abstract
This paper examines the transformations in political structures that took place in the first part of the 20th century in China and Europe, in particular the area of Austro-Hungarian Empire, which was territorially-reconstructed after World War I. The paper points out that China was an Empire for two thousand years and Austro-Hungary was Europe's oldest great power. The paper argues that nationalism was the leading cause of the changes that took place. While imperial China stayed territorially more or less the same, its political structure changed significantly. The Austro-Hungarian Empire on the other hand ceased to exist, and the Empire collapsed, much like most European Empires at the time, giving birth to new nations and various forms of governments. Noting the general trend of change in both China and Europe, the paper concludes that, as empires crumbled, they were replaced by several forms of governments ranging from democracies to totalitarian regimes.

From the Paper
"There were many consequences of World War I, including the ten million casualties in the armies (Esler, 2004). Also, this war significantly changed the map of Europe. The Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed and in its place several new nations were born. The Slavic nationalists were somewhat appeased by the treaty of Versailles. Yugoslavia was formed, unifying Southern Slavs, with its core in Serbia. Czechoslovakia too was a Slavic country formed with the break up of Austro-Hungary (Sontag, 1971). The Russian Empire crumbled and was replaced with a communist revolution and regime. The treaty of Versailles also significantly weakened Germany. It was stripped of its colonies, disarmed and forced to pay reparations. Parts of it were given to Poland and the Czech Republic."

Tags:revolution, World, War, I

Abstract
This paper examines the transformations in political structures that took place in the first part of the 20th century. The two zones chosen for the analysis are China and Europe, in particular the area of Austro-Hungarian Empire, which was teritorrially-reconstructed after World War I. China was an Empire for two thousand years and Austro-Hungary was Europe's oldest great power. This paper will argue that nationalism was leading cause of the changes that took place. While Imperial China stayed territorially more or less the same, its political structure changed significantly. The paper concludes that Austro-Hungarian Empire, on the other hand, ceased to exist, and the Empire collapsed, much like most European Empires at the time, giving birth to new nations and various forms of governments.

From the Paper
"This paper will examine the transformations in political structures that took place in the first part of the 20^th century. The two zones chosen for the analysis are China and Europe, in particular the area of Austro-Hungarian Empire, which was teritorrially-reconstructed after World War I. China was an Empire for two thousand years and Austro-Hungary was Europe's oldest great power. This paper will argue that nationalism was leading cause of the changes that took place. While Imperial China stayed territorially more or less the same, its political structure changed significantly. The Austro-Hungarian Empire on the other hand ceased to ..."

Tags:globalization, history, Austro-Hungary, imperial

Abstract
This paper examines several common factors that were responsible for the presence of regional and global conflict during the 20th Century. According to the paper, in terms of relative explanatory strength, the most significant factors were destabilizing great power rivalries fueled by competition for imperial possessions and colonies. Additionally, the paper notes that the pursuit of political and economic dominance, incompatible ideologies, aggressive foreign policies that disrupted the balance of power, misperceptions about a rival power's intentions, and lingering hostility because of previous conflicts all combined to generate regional and international conflict during the turbulent 20th Century.

From the Paper
"Several common factors were responsible for the presence of regional and global conflict during the 20th Century. In terms of relative explanatory strength, the most significant factors were destabilizing great power rivalries fueled by competition for imperial possessions and colonies, the pursuit of political and economic dominance, incompatible ideologies, aggressive foreign policies that disrupted the balance of power, misperceptions about a rival power's intentions, and lingering..."

Tags:20th, century, conflict

Abstract
The paper focuses on industrialization and the gendering of labour through the 20th century. The paper examines a number of articles and a volume on the history of women's labour in Canada.

From the Paper
"There seems a good deal written to explain how Canadian women went through a shift in their labour market position over the course of the 20th century, towards less exclusion and more entitlement to waged work. This view of events would say that women are now found working in competition with men, for more or less equal wages, as part of a steady course of events that brought their liberation. However, when reading a number of articles and a volume on the history of women's labour in Canada, there seemed to be less of a clear pattern. It also seems very important to try..."

Tags:women cda, employment, 20th c

Abstract
This paper analyzes communism in the 20th century while using David Remnick's book Lenin's Tomb: The Last Days of the Soviet Empire. The paper discusses the rise and fall of communism and the various countries that were affected by it while concentrating mainly on the Soviet Union.

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that most historians consider totalitarianism to be a uniquely 20th century phenomenon that gained ascendancy during the period between the two World Wars when several such regimes led by Hitler, Mussolini, Franco and Stalin reigned supreme. This paper reflects upon the totalitarianism of Hitler's Nazism and Stalin's Communism and examines the conditions that contributed to the popularity of totalitarianism in inter-war Europe. The writer also analyzes why the phenomenon was a specifically 20th century development. The writer concludes that with the decisive defeat of Germany in the Second World War and the ultimate eclipse of Communism in the Soviet Union in the 1980s, it seems that the rise of totalitarianism was a temporary phenomenon that could not survive the end of the 20th century.

Outline:
Why Totalitarianism Became Popular in the Post WW I Period
Stalin's Communism
Hitler's Nazism: the Ultimate Totalitarian Ideology
Why Totalitarianism was a Specifically 20th Century Phenomenon?
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The post-World War I period was one such time in recent history. The First World War had caused untold destruction in the countries where it was fought and the reparations imposed on Germany by the victorious Allied powers as well as the one-side Versailles Treaty further exacerbated the situation. All these factors led to severe social, political and economic crises in Europe. When the liberal democratic governments in most of the European countries failed to effectively tackle the severe economic and social problems such as the Great Depression of the 1930s, a belief that the existing social and political structure was unworkable gained ground and the concept of alternate forms of government started to attract a receptive audience."

Tags:ideology, authoritarian, Hitler, Nazism

Abstract
In 1903 W. E. B. DuBois said that race would be the most important issue of the 20th century. Some have suggested that this was prescient, but viewing how the 20th century unfolded, it may have been optimistic of him. This paper examines how the 'race problem' has unfolded in 20th century America, from the the Jim Crow Laws, the segregated South and the Ku Klux Klan. The paper looks at segregation in education, sport and other areas and questions why it took so long for America to pass the Civil Rights Act. Finally, the paper looks at the progress made in America in the latter part of the century.

From the Paper
"It would be easy to despair over what has and has not happened in the last century. To us, as Americans, it seems like a very long time since the Emancipation Proclamation. It seems that in over 200 years we should have accomplished more. But the sad truth is that laws and the citizens who are supposed to follow those laws don't always run in tandem. In fact our country has a long and honored tradition of defying laws if we feel them to be unjust, starting before the Revolutionary war when Colonists climbed onto a ship in Boston Harbor and dumped tea in the salty water rather than be denied the freedom to import their tea from whomever they chose. While it seems irrational now, in the early 1950's, many Southerners thought that their way of handling race relations was appropriate, and they resented what they viewed as federal intrusion. The governor standing on the steps of the university, with an axe handle in his hands suggesting that he would fight armed federal soldiers for what he believed in, felt as justified in his action as the Colonists did when they tossed tea into the harbor."

Tags:Woodrow, Wilson, Medgar, Evers, Malcolm, X, Martin, Luther, King

Abstract
The paper discusses how the late 19th and early 20th centuries enjoyed a prolific variety of artistic and cultural movements that forever changed the faces of visual arts, literature and music. The paper describes how the early 20th century in particular seemed to be a time ripe for intellectual and creative innovation. The paper mentions Pablo Picasso, Ernest Hemingway and Josephine Baker as a part of this amazing community of artists. The paper illustrates how Paris of the early 20th century experienced an epidemic of creativity that spilled over and infected countries around the world and started the ripples that would eventually build up to crashing waves of major artistic movements.

From the Paper
"Paris reacted to the end of the war with absolute jubilance. It seems like a logical consequence that after facing half a decade of fear, violence, death and disease the city would explode into an atmosphere that nurtured anything that smacked of life. Drinking, drugs, sex, and the Running of the Bulls lured many up-and-coming and some already established artists to the city (Seigal 18). An unprecedented mingling of great minds and talents created such an artistically charged atmosphere left even the dullest among them inspired and eager to create. The city became an artist's Mecca, drawing in talents of all caliber and envy from those who couldn't make it."

Tags:talent, creativity, inspiration, innovation

Abstract
The paper attempts to explain why the idea of democracy was new to the Russian people and the implications this had on its attempts at reform. The writer shows that at the end of the twentieth century, there were several reasons why Russia was approaching its second democratic crisis: Yeltsin's presidency, economic failure, military upheaval and organized crime.

From the Paper
"For the past seventy years Russia was the heart of the Soviet Union. The fall of the "Evil Empire" in 1991 shocked the world. Many democratic nations were happy to see its enemy turning into a new democratic country based on capitalistic economy and Western ideologies. But not that many people asked if Democracy would work in Russia. In the long run, Russia had a democratic experience in 1917, for half a year and it failed (Daniels, 1972). Will the history repeat itself or will Russia eventually become democratic? It is still hard to tell. Our democratic experience from February to October 1917 and today's situation are very similar. As in 1917, modern Russia experiences political, economic, and cultural crisis."

Tags:crime, crisis, cultural, economy, political, Yeltsin