Abstract
This paper looks at the history of electronic music and how this history can help explain the way music is made today. The paper describes the different types of electronic music, the instruments used to make electronic music, composers of electronic music, the development of the synthesizer, and how computers are used to generate music.

Outline
Changing Instrumentation
Electronic Music
The Development of the Synthesizer
The Music
Computer Music

From the Paper
"Electronic music has become a staple in popular music, a vital part of experimental and avant-garde music, and an occasional means of performing classical music. Different types of electronic production are also common for music in films, television programs, and commercials. Electronic music has been produced in some form for more than a century, but it has become more common with the creation of the synthesizer and other electronic instruments, and even more common as these and similar devices have been computerized and digitized. The synthesizer can simulate an entire orchestra or just one or two instruments. The adept user can produce a wide variety of sounds, composing in studio or in performance. A single user can thus use this system to produce short or long works, including adding a soundtrack to a silent film at minimal cost and without the need for a studio full of musicians. The synthesizer was produced after decades of experimentation with electronic music as different composers sought ways to express themselves in this manner."

Tags:robert, moog, engineers, musician, mathematics, sound, palette, enriched, artistic, expression

Abstract
This paper discusses how electronic music, from its humble beginnings in the 1940s and into the present day, has greatly influenced most popular and "underground" musical styles. It explains that electronic music allowed the musician to explore not only sound itself but the inner workings of the human mind, both consciously and unconsciously, with the assistance of circuits, oscillators, sound shapers and related electronic technologies

From the Paper
"Pink Floyd, one of the most influential "psychedelic" groups from England, utterly transformed the entire spectrum of music in the late 1960's and early 1970's through the use of the synthesizer and other electronic devices. On their "Dark Side of the Moon" album, Pink Floyd, especially bassist/keyboardist Roger Waters and keyboardist Richard Wright, completely altered all previous ideas concerning how the synthesizer could take the listener on a new voyage of discovery into uncharted territories of sound. For Pink Floyd, the synthesizer was far more than just a tool-it was a machine with the capabilities of transforming the landscape of sound into something cosmic in origin."

Tags:pink, floyd, rock

Abstract
Electronic methods of producing music have gone from simple noisemakers to complex computer-driven systems that can emulate an entire orchestra in a wide variety of combinations. As the use of various electronic means has increased, the effect on music has been more and more profound so that today, it is often difficult or impossible to differentiate all the changes that may have been made electronically simply by listening.

From the Paper
Electronic methods of producing music have gone from simple noisemakers to complex computer-driven systems that can emulate an entire orchestra in a wide variety of combinations. As the use of various electronic means has increased, the effect on music has been more and more profound so that today, it is often difficult or impossible to differentiate all the changes that may have been made electronically simply by listening. Taylor (2001) links the Western dependence on technology to artistic expression, noting that technology "forms an important part of the modern West's ideas about itself" (p. 8). Electronic music is thus a cultural expression as well as a technological one and makes use of technology to say something

Tags:electronic, music, culture

Abstract
This paper studies contemporary African-American music, calling it an amalgam of several music styles of our time. The author explains that with its roots in jazz, African-American music today is taking elements from all over the world to create a tapestry of styles united by one ineffable ingredient: rhythm. That rhythm is being immeasurably influenced by technology -- namely electronic music. However, the author is careful to point out that electronics do not preclude the use of traditional African instruments, but rather enhance their sound.

From the Paper
"Electronic Music is how electronic musical instruments can be used to produce music. The types of instruments this refers to include electronic keyboards, synthesizers, samplers and any other musical instrument, which is largely electric or electronic in nature. This is not however a complete list of the equipment which is used in electronic music as the complete process of generating music electronically also includes the process of recording the music and the processing of sounds using signal processors (effects processors) to produce the required effect."

Tags:jazz, blues, Africa, traditional, instruments, synthesizer, electronic, sound, rhythm

Abstract
This paper discusses the music recording industry and how it has been impacted by digital music distribution. The paper relates that the early success the music labels had against the initial music file downloading sites were short lived, and legitimate digital downloading sites have since prospered. The paper then argues that major recording labels are suffering from the decline in CD sales, not because of music pirating, but because they refuse to recognize that consumers demand digital music downloading for its convenience and portability. The paper further emphasizes that digital music distribution and retailing is the future of the music industry and every relevant party seems to recognize this, except the music industry itself.

Outline:
Overview
Restructuring of the music Industry
New distribution model & Itunes
Online distribution variations
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The music industry, in spite of its ineptitude and obstinacy over the past decade regarding digital music downloading, is finally realizing that whether it embraces downloading services such as iTunes and others, it must evolve with the digital age or face irrelevance. In order to compensate for the loss of revenues, the recording music industry has been examining their base revenues in order to determine if digital downloads can compensate completely for the decline in sales of CDs. Two of the major record labels, Sony and BMG, have even merged in order to expand their catalogues (Recording, 2007). There have been efforts made to encourage EMI to merge with one of the remaining three major record labels but thus far these remaining major record labels have resisted further consolidation. However, EMI undertook its own internal restructuring by merging its two main record labels in the US market during the first half of 2007 and Warner Music was sold during 2004 creating even more churn in the industry (Recording, 2007). Yet, perhaps the most visible change is the industry is the downsizing or disappearance of retail music stores, which has begun to accelerate."

Tags:electronic, music, downloading, recording, compact, disc

Abstract
This paper explores the roots of Wiccan music. The paper looks at the different types of instruments used and how the music moves participants into meditative states. Wiccan music comes in many forms and uses a variety of traditional instruments and incantations to create themes and messages. The paper begins by defining what Wiccan music is and explains Wiccan music can include new age, Celtic, gothic and even electronic.

From the Paper
"Basically, any type of music attempts to recreate the sounds that we hear in nature, like tones, the sound of birds, wind, and water. We often use instruments to imitate the sounds we have heard. Wiccan music is steeped in nature as is the religion itself. Because Wiccan music also involves rituals, drums are widely used and traditionally have been associated with inducing trances or a calming state in individuals."

Tags:wind, chimes, celtic, gothic, electronic, instrument

Abstract
This paper explains that, in pop music, audience enjoyment and commercial success are more important than artistic concepts, such as complex musical form and aesthetics. All pop music, which is any contemporary music not categorized as jazz or classical, the author contends, evolves from another kind of music, such as hip hop that stems from folk, rhythm & blues, jazz, country and gospel music. The paper examines hip hop music, a term used interchangeably with rap music, and salsa, which actually is American music from New York with an Afro-Cuban origination. An annotated bibliography is included.

From the Paper
"Woody Guthrie popularized the style and he is known to be the innovator of it. More recently, Bob Dylan, who was strongly influenced by Guthrie, also utilized this style and brought life back to it in the 1960's. It came to be a trademark of country music (think of Willie Nelson), and can be considered an early predecessor of rap. As can be seen in comparison, hip hop grew out of this same tradition. Hip hop is known for stripping down the melody, emphasizing the rhythm, and incorporating verbalization along with vocal spontaneity and improvisation."

Tags:improvisation, electronic amplification, jamaican dancehall, griots immigration

Abstract
The paper relates that music, television and media in general are part of American popular culture, with each one impacting the evolution of the cultural environment. The paper discusses how there are beneficial trends, such as the information capability and the perspective of relaxation and leisure time, but there is also the major trend of the media manipulating and influencing the social and personal behavior of individuals.

From the Paper
"The notion of culture is a relative term in most periods of the time. Its definition varies according to the selection criteria and the point of reference. In this sense, for instance, while the French culture is considered to be one of the most important proofs of the civilized world from the point of view of the traditional art critic, there are those that see in the American manifestations of culture the most obvious signs of development of the evolution scale. However, the American culture, to those that decide to accept its existence, differs in terms of components from the rest of the traditional cultural values. Thus, music, television, media in general are part of what can today be described as the American popular culture."

Tags:music, television, films

Abstract
This paper looks at the impact of the internet on businesses, specifically the music industry, and the benefits of systems and technologies that can be implemented to counteract the negative effects of the web on one's business.

From the paper:

"That is why the record industry launched the Secure Digital Music Initiative. This was supported by both record companies and hardware manufacturers, in December 1998, with a promise to have agreed on technical specifications by June last year. SDMI participants include music content, consumer electronics, information technology, and wireless telecommunication companies. SDMI's work is based on the core principles that copyrights should be respected, but that those who wish to use unprotected formats should be able to do so. (Teller, 2000) The specification developed by SDMI will answer consumer demand for convenient accessibility to quality digital music, enable copyright protection for artists' work, and therefore enable technology and music companies to build successful businesses."

Tags:music, industry, competition, technology, MP3

Abstract
In this essay, the writer discusses that in an enlightening article regarding electronic money (e-money, electronic funds, cyber-cash, e-cash or similar) Bernd Kempa argues that electronic funds are not likely to replace traditional money any time soon but that the role of the central bank in determining a country's monetary policy may be affected. The writer notes that the author voices these concerns in closing his research in which he successfully illustrates the development of electronic funds and cash.

Tags:electronic, money, funds