Abstract
7A valiant, charismatic and strikingly handsome explorer named Sir Walter Raleigh was doomed to spend his life chasing after glory, plunging into a great adventure and coming hauntingly close to dazzling success, only to flee for his life. This paper shows the strife and hardship Raleigh went through to find El Dorado, (the city of gold) for his queen.
Sir Walter Raleigh and the Quest for El Dorado

I. Origin of El Dorado
II. Quixotic Doradism
III. Who is Walter Raleigh?
A. Brief History
B. Early years
IV. The Quest to Win Back the Queen
V. A Long Treacherous Voyage
A. The Journey Begins
B. Unlike the Spanish
C. Getting Closer to Victory
D. More Proof, or so it Seemed
E. The Good Times; the Bad Times
VI. The Unjust Death

From the Paper
"The myth of El Dorado, the richest place on earth originated in 1541 from the Chibcha or Muiscas people. They had a sophisticated civilization in what is known today as Colombia. To celebrate a deceased Chibcha monarch, he was first greased with a sticky resin, and then gold was blown onto his naked body through mouth pipes similar to blowguns. The golden sovereign was then taken to the sacred Lake Guatavita, (known for its creation by a meteorite) where he was dipped into the water, releasing the glittering paint. Taken literally, El Dorado means "the golden man." The conquerors were on a quest not only to find the El Dorado, but the kingdom that was copious enough to use the precious ore as a sacred paint. "

Tags:adventure, british, literature

Abstract
In this paper, the contrasting values of reasoning and Enlightenment values in the utopias of Voltaire and Swift dictate the error of human arrogance over animals, but they invariably are different in their construct. The horses of Houyhnhnm are civil, rationale, and reasoning creatures in Swift's understanding of the placement of animals to humans; Voltaire invariably provides the human utopia that satirizes the arrogance and woeful behavior of humans toward one another.

From the Paper
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Tags:voltaire, swift, utopia

Abstract
This paper presents the challenges the Central American nation of El Salvador has faced as a result of civil war and poverty. The paper gives a brief background describing the civil war and its effects on the nation, including how it devastated the economy and resulted in rampant poverty. The writer then describes El Salvador's attempts to develop a free-market economy and its associated controversies. Among these are the concerns that developed nations may establish sweat-shop like factories in El Salvador.

From the Paper
"The civil war ended in January of 1992, when the conflicting sides signed peace accords that ended the war, brought the military under civilian control, and allowed the former guerillas to form a legitimate political party and participate in elections (US Fed News). El Salvador is now a democratic republic governed by a president unicameral Legislative Assembly that consists of eighty-four members (US Fed News). The president is elected by absolute majority vote of the people and serves a five-year term. Members of the assembly, also elected by a majority vote of the people, serve for three-year terms (US Fed News). The country has an independent judiciary and Supreme Court. The current president, elected in 2004, is Elias Antonio SACA Gonzalez, who is a member of the Nationalist Republican Alliance party (ARENA) (US Fed News). Former president Francisco Guillermo Flores Perez, also a member of the ARENA party, concentrated on modernizing the economy by playing a key role in negotiations for the Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA), an issue of much opposition in El Salvador (US Fed News). "

Tags:El, Salvador, Central, America, developing, nations, foreign, investment, factories

Abstract
An infamous mass killing of peasants known as the "Matazana" occurred in El Salvador in 1932. It left the country with little chance of reform. This paper discusses: The Coffee Oligarchy, President Araujo and the Military Coup, United States Recognition of Martinez Administration, Marti and the Communist Party in El Salvador and the Peasant Uprising.

From the Paper
"Late 19th century El Salvador can be characterized as a country that would soon be ripe for revolution. During the 1860s, the economy of the country became almost solely based on the production and sale of coffee. El Salvador's on a single crop created an enormous economic disparity between peasants and a coffee-growing elite. To compound the problem, the El Salvadorian government had close ties to the coffee plantation owners. The peasants lived in poverty and discontent for over half a century. Prior to their rebellion of 1932, the peasants had been subjected to harsh working conditions, including near starvation and extremely low wages, by a minority of coffee-growing moguls in the country who held a majority of the nation's wealth. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, sporadic and unorganized peasant revolts broke out in El Salvador and were easily defeated by plantation owners and the El Salvadorian government. Several events occurred prior to 1932 that acted as a catalyst for organized peasant rebellion. President Arturo Araujo, elected in 1931, committed his administration to reform and had a popular following among the working class. However, the peasant hope for reform was soon crushed when General Maximiliano Hernandez Martinez overthrew the Araujo administration in late-1931. The rise in membership among the working-classes also occurred during this time period. The self-proclaimed overseer of Latin America during the early 1900s, the United States, failed to keep Martinez in check, as it had done with previous Latin American revolutionaries. This lax attitude on the part of the United States gave Martinez free reign and contributed to his indiscriminate use of violence. Overwhelming peasant discontent, more organized as the result of a growing Communist party, finally culminated in a small, planned uprising in January of 1932. A mass killing of peasants immediately followed the uprising. This event is known in El Salvador as the Matazana or "the Massacre." The devastation following the Matazana left little chance for future reform. Economic, political, and social conditions in El Salvador in the early 20th century led to the peasant uprising and the resulting Matazana of 1932."

Tags:1932, america, coffee, communist, el, general, hernandez, latin, marti, martinez, matazana, maximilano, salvador, socialist, uprising

Abstract
This paper describes the history of the civil war in El Salvador from 1980 to 1992, in which 75,000 people were killed. It describes the political history and the various major events in the war.

From the Paper
"El Salvador was conquered by the Spaniards and they developed cotton, balsam and indigo plantations. The European elite, consisting of families, controlled most of the land and enslaved the native Indians. El Salvador gained its independence but those same wealthy elite families maintained their domination of the land. There were many attempts during the early part of the century for the poor majority to rebel against social injustice, but they were repressed by the government."

Tags:El Salvador, civil war

Abstract
This paper gives an in-depth description and history of El Escorial, an extensive sixteenth century monastery complex in Madrid, Spain. The paper describes the role and motivation of King Philip II of Spain in undertaking such a project. These include the religious ideals that the exterior of the building and interior art works represented. Next, the paper analyzes a document in which Philip ordered the complex to be built. Also examined is the role of music Philip intended El Escorial to embody. The paper ends with a long discussion of the architecture of the churches in the complex, and the art work within those churches. It also touches upon the beautiful manuscripts that were held in El Escorial's library. The paper concludes by stating that El Escorial is a monument of the power of Philip II alongside the Catholic Church in Spain during the Sixteenth century. T


Outline:
The Document and Reason Behind the Building
The Musical Nature of El Escorial
The Necessary Complexity of the Churches of El Escorial
The Art of El Escorial
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The overall project and establishment would eventually comprise a monastery, basilica, dynastic mausoleum, library, seminary, college, and a royal palace. By 1586 elaborate preparations had been undertaken for the dedication of a newly completed basilica, intended by Philip II to be the actual and symbolic centerpiece of a minutely planned Counter-Reformation strategy. This strategy as will be exhibited was exercised through extensive consideration of the superficial appearance and statement made by the architecture itself, and also of the activities within the complex. The liturgical music was also considered by Philip II, as it was done within the constructs that espoused a similar ideology, as will be discussed. It is unquestioned that Philip had considerable political and symbolic importance in all aspects of the architecture of El Escorial and its liturgy, assuring Philip II's status as 'the leading international music patron of his age' as well as an accomplished philosophical architectural director (Noone 221)"

Tags:Spain, Counter-Reformation, Catholicism, monks, architecture

Abstract
This paper introduces and discusses the effect on business of El Nino, the name Peruvian fishermen gave the warm currents that would show up every few years just before Christmas. It shows how each occurrence of the phenomena causes enormous damage in personal and business loss and causes flooding, property damage, crop damage and warming in some areas of the country.
Outline
Introduction
Thesis statement and definition of El Nino
Positive affects of El Nino
Agriculture
Decreased energy costs
Less snow removal, more jobs
Not as bad as previous El Nino
Negative affects of El Nino
NOAA results
Less heating costs in Northeast
Damage to crops
Higher prices
Affects to construction
Drought in Hawaii
Ski resorts lose income
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The weather phenomenon known as El Nino can both adversely and positively affect the business of a particular area. "In the 1982-83 El Nino, floods did $1.2 billion worth of damage, and the following year's drought cost farmers $10 billion, but consumers in the Northeast saved a tidy $2.5 billion on heating bills" (Armstrong and Veomett 33). Since this is a reoccurring activity, business people should learn from prior events, and protect themselves from damage, destruction, and lost income as best they can. There are insurance policies available for some businesses, and they may be worth the cost in the worst-case scenario."

Tags:warm, currents, farmers, crops, floods, damage

Abstract
This paper will discuss the creation of the geological formations that are called The Garden of the Gods, as well as the Manitou Springs Formation in the Colorado region of the United States. By understanding their age, by the layers of sediment that have been made from them, as well as the formations that they now represent, we can see how these natural wonders were made on a geological scale. By realizing the aging process that rock goes through in its many incarnations, the affects of the environmen and the possibilities of platectonic influence will be explained in detail. With all of these factors playing into the creation of these natural structures, we can see the many-layered world of geology forming the Earth according to patterns in nature, the Earth's core and other elements that carve the rock into these majestic land objects.

Abstract
This paper explains that, although the film's setting is not the same as today, Gregory Nava's film, "El Norte", is still an important work because it provides a periodical anthology of the migrant question as well as a background for today's multicultural issues. The author points out that a study of the film reveals not only the developments in the perceptions regarding immigration but also the growth of niche cultural groups from the perspective of both the original and adoptive societies. The paper relates how the movie depicts the Xuncax family, particularly Rosa and Enrique, in their quest to find their way and to establish a new life in the United States. The author underscores that, today, the migration of cultural differences remain a dominant issue in the U.S. society.

Table of Contents:
"El Norte" and Multiculturalism
Immigrants or Refugees
Challenges and Implications
Acculturation
Immigration Policies and "El Norte"

From the Paper
"The siblings both offer perspectives on the institutions that migrants have to deal with. Rosa's perspective is that their journey north has only led them from death to greater poverty and questioning if they have a place anywhere in the world except in death. Enrique reflects the sentiment that he is considered simply a factor of production, a "strong arm", gaining no greater value than livestock or equipment. In either case, the siblings show that they see themselves apart from society, excluded by their circumstance and history."

Tags:immigration, niche, threats, illegal, racism

Abstract
While Phillippe Bourgois' anthropological field study "In Search of Respect: Selling Crack in El Barrio" is heavily focused on issues of class, culture and economics in East Harlem, the issue of gender relations and gender construction within this cultural frame is also a prominent theme. This paper critically examines Bourgois' representation of gendered identity and how gender is constructed in El Barrio through public displays of forms of masculinity and femininity. It is argued that as traditional Puerto Rican patriarchal authority appears to be collapsing in El Barrio, the residents are improvising new gendered identities.

Tags:respect, culture, barrio