Abstract
This article explores the themes of religious hypocrisy rife in the literature of eighteenth century England. It utilizes the texts of "The Vicar of Wakefield", "Joseph Andrews", and "The Way of the World" to reveal the convergence of both early novel and constant drama as exposers of the Church of England and its contradictions.

Tags:century, drama, eighteenth, england, literature, novels

Abstract
The Eighteenth Century was a time of profound change and upheaval in the Western world. Alexander Pope, Samuel Pepys, and Jonathan Swift were among the most prominent of 18th century writers, and each left his mark on literature. This paper examines how the 1700s were characterized by the impact of social stratification on all aspects of life, including food, fashion, society, furnishings, and even literature.

From the Paper
"Born in 1688, Alexander Pope is a well-known 18th century writer perhaps most famous for his works The Rape of the Lock, An Essay on Criticism, and a translation of Homer's Iliad. He was well known for his controversial stands, and often attacked other writers, and his satire was well known. The Rape of the Lock is simply the story of a young woman who has a lock of hair stolen, despite the intimation of the title. He uses literary allusion in the poem, largely making it a sometimes seemingly bizarre writing on a trivial theft in the style of a great epic poem. In sum, "Pope will still stand out, not perhaps as a master-genius, but as the typical man of letters and as the great representative English poet of the first half of the eighteenth century" (Malaspina Great Books)."

Tags:absolutism, Napoleon, Great, Awakening

Abstract
This paper looks at some of the most important novels of English literature in the Age of Reason during the eighteenth century. The paper outlines Daniel Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe", Jonathan Swift's "Gulliver's Travels", Henry Fielding's "Tom Jone", Samuel Richardson's "Clarissa, or The History of a Young Lady" and Laurence Stern's novel, "Tristram Shandy".

From the Paper
"The Enlightenment was a stage in Western philosophy and culture which spanned the eighteenth century, and advocated Reason as the primary source of authority. England anticipated the rest of Europe by decapitating its king in the seventeenth century. In this sense, the task of understanding the character of English literature during the Age of Reason cannot be separated from the social and political context of the movement. Furthermore, it is important to identify the thinkers who influenced, and ultimately helped develop English literature in the eighteenth century. The Glorious Revolution of 1688 was the overthrow which led to the decapitation of King James II of England by a union of Parliamentarians and the help of a Dutch army led by William III of Orange-Nassau who would become King William III of England. Despite the fact that the monarchy was restored, this episode created openness toward change which was exhibited not only in literature, but also as far as religion, or social order which was concretized in the transition of English society towards a bourgeois order. As far as their sources of inspiration, English Enlightenment writers were influenced by thinkers such as John Locke, Francis Bacon, or the Scot David Hume."

Tags:Age, of, Reason, Enlightenment, Defoe, Swift, Fielding, Richardson, Stern

Abstract
This paper explains that the eighteenth century period of the English royal court and the British aristocracy represents an attempt to acquire the accouterments of classical antiquity, which led to their mass consumption of forms of art, literature, philosophy and even politics. The representation of political philosophy in British great houses, gardens and portraits, the author points out, was dictated by the political and social elites of eighteenth century England, which in turn were dominated by the aristocracy and gentry. The paper reviews the works of various artisans, such as the architect Robert Adams.

From the Paper
"Reuse of earlier styles occurred during the second half of the eighteenth century. Robert Adam (1728-1792) is regarded as the initiator of the Classic Revival. The spirit of the times encouraged greater interest in the past with a new attitude toward history. Interest in the past, in its history and monuments, increased as time went on, and the excavations of Herculaneum and Pompeii (after 1748) gave it popular appeal. Adam's is considered by many to be the greatest architect of the late 18th century, and a leader of the neo-classical revival in England and Scotland."

Tags:stuart, romantic naturalism, post-restoration oligarchy revival

Abstract
This paper attempts to trace the history of English Literature starting from the Anglo- Saxon period to the Eighteenth Century. The paper attempts to trace the changes through the various important works of the great writers throughout history.

From the Paper
"A look at the poetic tradition of that age shows that most of the old English poetry was more or less intended to be chanted, accompanied with a harp, by the Anglo-Saxon harp scop or bard (Encarta). The poetry was often bold and strong, but at the same time mournful and elegiac in its spirit. The subjects that this poetry expressed were the sorrow and the ultimate futility of life and lamented the helplessness of humans before the power of their fate. The versification pattern of almost all of this poetry was that it was composed without rhyme, in a characteristic line or verse of four stressed syllables alternating with an indeterminate number of unstressed syllables (Encarta). This form of versification strikes strangely, as it is different from the usual modern pattern. Hence this pattern becomes the striking feature of the era of Anglo-Saxon literature. Another striking feature in the formal character of the Old English poetry is structural alliteration that is the use of syllables beginning with similar sounds in two or three of the stresses in each line(Encarta)."

Abstract
Contrary to assumptions about the position of women before the twentieth century, they were often able to gain power through several devices. This paper looks at how often in seventeenth and eighteenth century texts, woman are seen exerting themselves, verbally sparring on par with men, manipulating their supposed superiors, essentially outwitting them in their own games during a time the modern reader expects to see women subjugated, undereducated and suppressed. The texts examines include Aphra Behn's "The Rover", Alexander Pope's "The Rape of the Lock" and Jonathon Swift's "Gulliver's Travels".

From the Paper
"Unlike The Rover, the rage and indignation of a woman scorned cause battle to be fought in Alexander Pope's The Rape of the Lock. The mock battle scene at the ombre table sets up the actual battle quite well. Belinda seems to stand tall as Athena when she throws her cards on the table winning the war between the sexes. She is forceful in her moves to call trump and take tricks, but when the real battle begins, the crux of Pope's mock epic, for a moment she wavers. She is helpless until she becomes angry."

Tags:aphra, behn, rover, alexander, pope, rape, lock, jonathon, swift, gulliver's, travels

Abstract
This paper explains that there is an extensive literature collection from an early Chinese period about homosexual love in private affairs. The author cites writers Li Yu, Shen Defu, Bian er chai and other sources, whose works describe many details of the lives of homosexual couples and relate that homosexuality was held in high fashion. The paper reports that the word for a homosexual, translated form the Chinese, is "favorite"; some other words, which became known for homosexual love were "male wind" and "linked jade disks".

From the Paper
"The ideal of the ration self, during the late Ming dynasty, was
attempting to know the qing, or sentiment and yu, or sexual desire in the Neo-Confucian concept; and qing was not accepted as an authentic form of self-expression important to life and moral. In literature, qing was intentionally hidden by sentiment from corrupting sexuality. Intermingling the qing and yu interpretively assigned morality to the allegedly pornographic text of the late Ming dynasty and the Qing dynasty and transferred desire into the bodies of the text and into the readers themselves, as some scholars have written. It is interesting to note that these supposedly pornographic texts were filled with sentiment as they were with sexual context."

Tags:marriages, lesbianism, erotic, acceptable, confucian

Abstract
A book review of Barges' "An Introduction to English Literature" designed to educate the reader about the rich history of English Literature. Further, the book itself is written by renown author Jorge Luis Barges. His analysis concerning English Literature is focused in: The Anglo Saxon Period; The Fourteenth Century; The Seventeenth Century; The Eighteenth Century; Nineteenth Century Prose; Nineteenth Century Poetry and the end of the Nineteenth Century. Such topics are useful when presenting the reader with a thorough understanding of the history of English literature and writers.

From the Paper
"The author's preface begins with a general introduction on how essential English Literature is to our society as a whole. Borges also offers the reader a glimpse, of how he strategically compiled essential information concerning the history of English Literature, and writers in sixty-eight pages of text. Evidently, English Literature imparts a wealth of critical information. Further, Borges goes on to explain the significance of English literature: Of all the vernacular literatures which developed during the Middle Ages on the fringe of literature in Lain, that of England is one of the oldest. To put it another way, there are few other texts that can be attributed to the end of the seventh or the beginning of the eight centuries of our era."

Tags:anglo, saxon, poetry, prose, drama, writing

From the Paper
"The premise is based on observing these trends in works of drama and fiction of the time. This is also an interesting time in English literature because the novel was just coming into being, while drama was dying out as a form of mass entertainment. This fact is related to the general shift in the mentality about gender roles and marriage."

Tags:beliefs, gender, roles, social, society, systems

Abstract
This five-page paper presents a detailed discussion about the changes that occurred in English literature from the Anglo Saxon period through the eighteenth century. The writer discusses subject matter, language, and style while comparing and contrasting the eras.