Abstract
This paper takes a look at the use of icons and what they represent. The paper focuses specifically on the Eiffel Tower, France. According to the paper, the Eiffel Tower has been a symbol of romance and courtship, but that is being altered due to dramatic changes in France and to French cultural unrest. This paper examines what those changes are and why images of the Eiffel Tower are now watered down and even corrupted by the reality of today.

Outline:
Icons
Eiffel Tower Generalizations
The Eiffel Tower's Newer Symbolism: Sex and Violence
Violence Against French Women

From the Paper
"The Eiffel Tower was featured in a famous French play by Jean Cocteau ("Les Maries de la Tour Eiffel"); the Tower was like the "central character" according to Thompson. The story involved a wedding party that had reservations at the Tower's restaurant, but telegrams are falling from the sky, and a number of interesting things (a lion, an ostrich, a bather) catapult out of a photographer's camera before the wedding party arrives. "Nothing could be more stereotypically, absurdly French than a wedding party," Thompson mentions on page 1135. The author adds that the Eiffel Tower's form has become something of a "religious" symbol, but not that of Christianity or any other faith."

Tags:legacy, romance, political, Sex, clubs, Violence, Cleopatre, paris, france

Abstract
The paper looks at how Lawrence Wright in his work "The Looming Tower" explores the origins of the Islamic fundamentalist movement and its relationship to Osama bin Laden. The paper posits that Wright makes the terrorists more real to us and makes the complicated world of terrorism easy to understand.

From the Paper
"In Chapters 1 through 11, Wright make the complex workings of al-Qaeda easy to comprehend. The first half of the book traces the history of al-Qaeda back to post World War II, where the ideas of a jihad were but seeds of thought in Sayyid Qutb's mind. Wright does well to explore the main players' characters religious and political involvement. Political ideas coupled with religious persuasions help us to understand the aspirations of these men that help form the underground movement that we would later come to know as the Islamic fundamentalist movement."

Tags:Qutb, al-Qaeda, jihad, radicalism, bin, Laden

Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at Barbara Tuchman's "The Proud Tower" and assesses how she handles the twenty-four year period in Europe which preceded the Great War. The writer examines Tuchman's writing style as well as her failing to make the linkage between the horrific events of late summer 1914 and the Bismarckian diplomacy which helped mightily to make the great conflagration inevitable. At the same time, the writer maintains that while the book does present a worthwhile examination of the psychological factors which appear to have guided at least the German and French people in their lust for martial combat, it fails to come up with a narrative that addresses the Eastern European hatreds without which the war might never have taken place (or at least not in 1914). The writer concludes that the book is a "good read" but for all its strengths not always good history.

From the Paper
"Few events have ever changed the course of history as did the brutal four-plus years in which the western world found itself trapped in an interminable struggle that would end up destroying, for all intents and purposes, a generation of young men. However, the lead-up to World War I is at least as important as the war itself, if for no other reason than that it offers a cautionary tale on what leaders in the twenty-first century should avoid doing if they wish to create a military situation even more terrifying than the one which engulfed Europe nearly a century ago."

Tags:world, war

Abstract
"In this analysis of Robert Browning's poem "Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came," the case is made that Browning's knight is heroic. The paper contends that because the knight accepts the notion that heroism comes from how the individual handles a quest or journey and not from attaining a final outcome or destination.

From the Paper
"The questing hero in Robert Browning's poem 'Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came' is a young knight who is given directions to the Dark Tower of the poem's title. However Browning's poem does not make it clear what the quest of the knight is save to say his destination appears to be the Dark Tower. For when we arrive at the end of the quest we do not discover what the knight finds there. Nor does Browning tells us what the outcome is of..."

Tags:courage, determination, wasteland, sacrifice, peers, suffering, rhyme, imagery, mortality

Abstract
This paper discusses how Lawrence Wright's "The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11 "contains a wealth of information and gives some real insight into just what on earth caused the horrifying terrorist attack of 9/11. The paper looks at how the book includes key themes such as the origins of the extremist Islamist ideology that would fuel Al-Qaeda, and the way it was fanned into extremism by the horrors of torture in Egyptian jails in the 1980s. The paper also examines how the book describes how it was possible for American intelligence to fail so utterly to foresee or prevent the disaster.

From the Paper
"Wright traces the origins of Al-Qaeda all the way back to Egypt, beginning in 1948 in Alexandria with Sayyid Qutb, foreign student in the USA - who would later write some of the books that would inspire and inflame those Muslim radicals who were turning to Takfir (the mirror image of Islam, which purports to be orthodox, while at the same time encouraging murder). Geographically his extensive background spans universities in Egypt, building construction sites in Saudi Arabia, the war in Afghanistan, the rise of the Taliban, the setting up of radical Muslim cells in Pakistan - not to mention Qutb's happy days in Greeley, Colorado."

Tags:bin, laden, cia, terrorism, radicals

Abstract
This paper discusses and reviews Barbara Tuchman's book, "The Proud Tower." It assesses how Tuchman handles the twenty-four year period in Europe which preceded the Great War. The paper specifically examines Tuchman's writing style. Finally, it analyzes her failing to make the linkage between the horrific events of late summer 1914 and the Bismarckian diplomacy, which helped to make the great conflagration inevitable.

From the Paper
"As a final comment upon the book, it should be added that the text, while it does passably well at describing the state of affairs in each of the major nations, never really explores the ugly situation in the Balkans - principally between Serbia and Austria, but also between each of the Balkan states. As a result, the internal divisions which were tearing apart what was left of the old Austro-Hungarian Empire by 1914 (and which certainly helped precipitate war) are given "short shrift" in the text. This oversight, at least in the view of this writer, diminishes Tuchman's chapter on the European and American anarchists (63-117) insofar as an exposition of the problems facing the Austrians as they clung to the remnants of empire would have given the novice reader a greater understanding of what socio-political dynamics made a hate-filled and destructive (and anti-government) movement like the Black Hand (and others) so appealing to disenchanted Serbians and to disenchanted young Eastern Europeans in general."

Tags:WWI, Bismarckian, diplomacy, military

Abstract
This paper examines the elements of an Emergency Response Plan of a hospital in the event of a disaster striking. This paper specifically discusses the elements of the emergency plan for Bellevue Hospital in lower Manhattan, both before and after the attacks on the World Trade Tower. The way in which a local hospital should be concerned with protecting people, information systems, and communications is examined in this paper.

From the Paper
"The primary concern for a hospital is the protection of people. These people not only include the victims, but also management, employees, and families of the victims. It is necessary to be able to quickly assess the number and skill levels of the staffing available. In the early moments of a disaster, this may be difficult, as was the case in the World Trade Tower attacks. Bellevue Hospital in lower Manhattan received word that the trade towers were on fire. They quickly and efficiently invoked their Emergency Response Plan. They waited and prepared for a flood of victims. In this case, instead of being understaffed to handle the load, they found themselves with many willing and capable volunteers and unfortunately, no victims. This created another situation, in which, when a victim did come in they were stormed by people willing to help."

Tags:Federal, health, medical, assistance, State, authorities, assessing, threats, resources, crisis, team, personnel, management, center

Abstract
This paper explains that many of the themes Li Yu wrote and the way he narrated stories were very unusual at the time; he narrated his story, "A Tower for the Summer Heat", in the third person and, at the end of each chapter, he would break off from the storyline to start a small conversation with the reader. The author points out that, besides the story being comically funny, one important aspect to understand is that Li Yu was using the story to break social taboos on sex and marriages. The paper relates that, at the time Li Yu wrote, most marriages were arranged by parents, and people did not have a choice of marrying someone they found sexually attractive.

From the Paper
"Jiren also broke traditional conformity by creating adultery. Traditionally, you could only have sex with your wife but Jiren had sex with all the maids without being married to them. By making this character break many social norms, Li Yu is able to make his readers reflect on those norms and decide whether or not Jiren should be admired or detested for breaking them. In fact, it seems that Li Yu is actually encouraging his readers to engage in discussion about this topic and express their opinions. This is evident by his use of narration."

Tags:narration, discussion, marriage, women, norms

Abstract
Stripped of all minor details and subplots, both "Moby Dick" and the "Dark Tower" are tales of the on-going search for universal understanding. The main ideas and symbols of both books represent man's gradual increase in understanding. They tell of desire, which was turned into obsession and even madness. The paper shows how Roland in "The Dark Tower" and Captain Ahab of "Moby Dick" are both on a quest for truth. Also, both are damned because of their quests. Both protagonists bring along with them, unwillingly, captives of their madness. The paper shows that these two books are very similar in other details as well. These works by Herman Melville and Stephen King are very similar in many ways including the main protagonists, their quests, those who accompany them, and the means by which they try to attain their ultimate goal.

From the Paper
"Neither Ahab nor Roland is alone in their quests. The Pequod's crew is originally ignorant of Ahab's true intent when they leave shore. They become unwilling partners in Ahab's madness (Melville 247). After killing the Man in Black, Roland must "draw" three people from our world to join him. These three, a heroin addict named Eddie, a crippled young black woman named Susannah, and a serial killer, Jack Mort, are not drawn of their own free will. They are even called, at times, just another notch along Roland's path. Mort, the murderer, is killed and later replaced by a young boy named Jake (King, Waste: Argument 3). By no choice of their own, they join the gunslinger and "...for the first time in untold years, Roland of Gilead is no longer alone in his quest for the Dark Tower" (King, Waste: Argument 4)."

Tags:Man, in, Black, Jack, Mort, Susannah

Abstract
This paper discusses cell towers and antennas and questions their safety in the community. The paper confirms that the number of cell sites has increased over the years in proportion to the expanding number of subscribers. These tower structures are erected on various locations such as parks, schools and fire houses. The paper considers if these towers really put us at risk and states that according to the Food and Drug Administration Act, exposure to cellphone radiation on the ground is significantly weaker than exposure on the direct path of the transmitted signal of the antenna. This exposure is several thousand of times less than the minimum safety levels recommended by expert studies. Thus the paper confirms that civilian exposure to cellphone radiation is well within the safety margins.

From the Paper
"Electromagnetic radiation, composed of electric and magnetic energy moving at the speed of light, is the one feared by most people. The electromagnetic spectrum is a wide range of electromagnetic signals ranging from high-frequency x-rays and gamma rays to low-frequency radio waves. Your cellphone's electromagnetic radiation has a 3kHz-300GHz frequency. This falls just after the very low frequency like your computers and before or just the same frequency as your everyday microwave oven. And still the radiation coming from the sun poses more danger than your cellphone."

Tags:radiation, high-frequency, x-rays, gamma, rays, radio, waves