Abstract
The paper discusses a research proposal to investigate whether a lack of social bonding is directly or indirectly related to juvenile delinquency. The paper suggests that activities or lack thereof may contribute to the likelihood that a youth will engage in violent behavior. The paper proposes that a lack of social bonding may be partly to blame. To achieve the goal of uncovering the effects of social bonding on juvenile delinquency, the paper proposes various questions to determine the cause.

Outline:
Introduction
Problem Statement
Theoretical Framework
Methodology

From the Paper
"Juvenile delinquency is an increasingly trying and troubling problem within the United States. Studies show children that lack social bonding often join gangs, resulting in juvenile delinquency (Thornberry, Krohn, Lizotte, et al, 2003). The author's note adolescents and young adults stated they joined gangs for many reasons however, not necessarily a lack of social bonding. Rather, from their studies one may assume many individuals joined gangs because their family members or siblings were part of a gang (Thornberry, Krohn, Lizotte, et al, 2003). Even more report gang membership allowed them an opportunity to bond with other people in the gang. However, it is important to note that just as many people report they joined a gang to realize a sense of self, to bond with people because they had not the opportunity before to bond with others "

Tags:bonding, social, juvenile, delinquency

Abstract
This paper discusses the process of attachment bonding during the first two years of life. Early contributions to attachment theory and more contemporary work are both discussed. The paper additionally considers how the early attachment bond forms the foundation for a child's psychological and cognitive development.

From the Paper
"According to Hughes, attachment refers to the emotional connection between a developing infant and his her parents or primary caregiver. The importance of forming attachment bonds during infancy and the first two years of life with parents, caregivers cannot be overemphasized indeed as noted by Beckett, the quality and nature of the attachment bond formed during these years will influence the child's physical, cognitive and psychological development. Just as importantly it will form the foundation for..."

Tags:attachment theory, parents, bonding, infant, cognitive

Abstract
The paper evaluates the effects of neonatal hearing loss on the quality of bonding with hearing parents, bonding in general, bonding of parents to special needs children, the interaction of hearing parents with the deaf infants and the psychosocial stressors on parents with special needs children. The paper reviews the procedures surrounding universal newborn hearing screening, its effectiveness and the satisfaction parents feel with currently used hearing screening processes.

Outline:
Universal Newborn Hearing Screening (UNHS)
False positives
Parent-Child Interaction
Typical Mother/Child Interaction
Attachment
Parental Stress
Methods for Assessing Interaction and Bonding
Conclusions

From the Paper
"Definitions are often helpful before a full literature review is undertaken. For the purposes of this study, we shall consider congenital permanent hearing loss to be defined as impairment > 40 decibels (dB) at the time of screen, relative to the threshold level. This level is considered significant in that hearing loss at this level is associated with greater than average deficit in verbal compared with non-verbal abilities up to 25 intelligence quotient (IQ) points (Yoshinaga-Itano, 1998)."

Tags:special, needs, children, deaf, infants, screening, communication, attachment

Abstract
This paper describes and examines the process of natural bonding between mother and child that takes place when a baby is born and goes on to explain the various phases of attachment.

Outline:
What are the Phases of Attachment?
A Very Strange Situation: How does an infant cope with separation?
How are Bonding and Attachment seen in various stages of one's life?

From the Paper
"As a mother looks at her newborn for the first time, she feels a surge of emotions that can only be expressed for her newborn. She feels the immediate need to protect her newborn. Is this so-called maternal instinct a biological reaction, or are these feelings learned, passed on from the knowledge of one mother to another? How are people able to build and keep relationships built on trust? Why is it that a person may feel a sense of belonging to someone, and yet, feel detached from another? British psychoanalyst, John Bowlby, claimed that our way of making and keeping relationships as adults began to develop at infancy. He formulated the theory that normal attachment, when we were still babies, is critical to people's healthy development. He introduced the concepts of bonding and attachment as important foundations of building healthy relationships as adults."

Tags:separation, family, peers, closeness

Abstract
This paper analyzes the biological perceptive of male to female pair bonding. It particularly discusses human pair bonding in relationship to hormone production, as well as olfactory and visual information. The paper looks at a few of the many subjects and variables that affect attraction between the sexes, both physically and psychologically.

From the Paper
"Moreover, large eyes, small nose, small chin, prominent cheekbones, narrow cheeks high eyebrows, large pupils and large smile were correlated with attractiveness in females (Cunningham, 1986). Females with greater eye height, smaller nose area, greater cheekbone, and a wider smile were positively correlated with intelligence. Greater eye height and width, smaller nose area, wider cheekbones, higher eyebrows, wider pupils and wider smiles were seen to be more sociable. Assertiveness was correlated with only greater eye height, smaller nose area, and a wider smile (Cunningham, 1986)."

Tags:attractiveness, hormones, sexuality, mate

Abstract
This paper analyzes two research papers which examine the correlation between breastfeeding and bonding. This paper briefly examines the results of social influences on women who choose breastfeeding and those who choose bottle-feeding. It explains how research has revealed the inadequacy of the medical profession on the argument of breastfeeding versus bottle-feeding and how this is a serious problem. The paper concludes that more research is necessary in order to determine whether breastfeeding does affect the mother-infant bond.

Outline:
Introduction
Literature on the Breastfeeding Vs. Bottle-feeding Debate
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The cliche that breastfeeding is preferable over bottle-feeding because it helps forge a mother-daughter bond is a common one. Though medical evidence regarding this belief is lacking, general sentiment to date tends to revolve around a preference toward breastfeeding. The number of women who choose to breastfeed their children is growing, primarily owing to public and government health initiatives. However, are women really selecting breastfeeding over bottle-feeding in other to forge a mother-daughter bond? Or are other factors more instrumental?"

Tags:bottle-feeding, children, social, influences, medical, profession

Abstract
This paper examines wives' relationships with other women, be they mothers, daughters, or confidantes, as a destructive force in the minds of ancient Greek men.

From the Paper
"There are two main types of women that can change the course of an ancient Greek play by their effects on the tragic heroine: mother and confidante. In the Homeric Hymn to Demeter, we see the first of these types. Demeter, a mother distraught over her daughter's abduction and rape, is only pacified by the breakup of Persephone's marriage for four months out of the year. In this case, the cost of preserving the mother-daughter bond is the sacrifice of the daughter's marriage for a third of every year. The maternal bond and the marriage bond seem to be incompatible; here, the two are unable to coexist spatially or temporally. It is Demeter who, by her passive-aggressive registration of disapproval, manages to become every son-in-law's nightmare by turning his newlywed wife against him. "

Tags:agamemnon, drama, euripides, gender, women, hippolytus, medea, theater

Abstract
This paper discusses Richard Louv's book, "Last Child in the Woods: Saving Our Children from Nature-Deficit Disorder," which is about the fact that many western children spend little or no time in nature. Louv correlates the lack of time in nature with the onset and surmounting cases of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. The writer discusses some of the reasons that Louv mentions for disassociation from nature, such as the urbanization of the Girl Scouts, and phenomena like the Rainforest Cafe. The writer explains how Louv's book affected her personally, and how it has inspired and motivated her to find more ways to involve her daughter with nature.

From the Paper
"Throughout the book, I was drawn to comparisons in my personal life, especially associated with television, electronic media and immersion, and fear. While I was raised in a Northern Californian town on three acres and plenty of wilderness to explore, I am living a quite different existence in Los Angeles. As a stepmother, I am essentially at war with the commodity and consumer culture that is surrounding my eight-year-old daughter. If that is not enough, there are not any places for her to explore nature as I once did. Rather, she is steeped in a consumer culture that has also ingrained, in parents, fear of leaving children in unsupervised free play, in fear of the worst our imaginations can express. Louv sites these within his text, stating, "fear is the emotion that separates a developing child from the full, essential benefits of nature. Fear of traffic, of crime, of stranger-danger - and of nature itself.""

Tags:ADHD, environment, childhood, commitment, spiritual, conservationist

Abstract
This paper discusses bonds, a debt sold to the public in denominations of $1,000. The paper defines and explains the roles of the three key players in the bond market, the insurers, the underwriters, and the purchasers. The paper also examines the different kinds of investments available to the investors such as fixed income treasury or municipal bonds. Lastly the author compares the bond market to the stock market and discusses how bonds are often sold in the stock market.

From the Paper
"There are a number of fixed-income investments available on the market for both individual and institutional investors to invest in, such as government bonds, municipal bonds, corporate bonds, and other debt securities. As stated earlier, governments are the biggest issuer of bonds, particularly the U.S. government which makes up a significant portion of the market. U.S. issued debts are known as treasuries, treasury bonds (T-bonds) are debt issued to the public with a fixed-interest rate and has a maturity date of more than 10 years."

Tags:bond, market, insurer, investor, underwriter, purchaser, fixed, income, municipal, bonds, treasury, bonds, stock, market, maturity, date

Abstract
The paper explains that the yield to maturity concept is a measurement of the return of the bonds, and it is used to value the bond, to see the overall worth of the instrument. The paper discusses the benchmark valuations: if the bond's current yield is less than its yield to maturity, then the bond is selling at a discount, if the yield to maturity is less than the current yield then the bond is selling at a premium. The paper also explains that if the yield to maturity is equal to the bond's current yield, then it is selling at par.

From the Paper
"A bond is comprised is a long term security, for which the holder (purchaser) is owed by the issuer, the principal and interest (coupon payments) at a specified maturity date. Bonds are usually issued for more than ten years. A bond is more of a long term loan, and it is usually used by government entities especially for monetary policy (although private companies use bonds to gain capital). Although bonds and stock are types of securities, they differ in terms of maturity date and the fact that bond holders do not own parts of the company; however with stock holders own a part of the issuing company or..."

Tags:bonds, yield, maturity