Abstract
This paper addresses major innovations in educational reform since 1983 within the United States. This paper focuses on increased accountability in education as a negative aspect of educational reform.

Tags:EDUCATION / CURRICULUM THEORY AND ISSUES, educational reform accountability

Abstract
The assignment was to look at post-colonial educational reform in Africa beginning with an analysis of past educational reforms issues. This paper identified 5 periods in African educational history and compared the issues for reform facing Africans in each of these eras. The final section identified a series of reforms currently in progress and referred back to earlier issues still in need of reform.

From the Paper
Educational Reform in Post-Colonial Africa In 1964, David Scanlon, an editor, observed that African educational history can be summarized into four periods: (a) Tribal education, (b) Missionary education, (c) Post World War I where colonial governments became involved, and (d) Post World War II preparation for independence (Scanlon 1-4). To these four stages we might add the fifth - the modern era of post-colonial educational reform. In each of these periods the purpose and goals have changed. To understand the needs of reform facing African educators today it is important to understand the traditions that have created the current educational

Tags:africa, education, reform

Abstract
This paper provides a summary and evaluation of two different views on the best type of educational reform theories: constructivism and objectivism. The paper then provides a summary of the main points of the two respective evaluations of the views of David Elkind and Jamin Carson.

From the Paper
"Constructivism rests largely on the theoretical framework of learning and development established by Jean Piaget in the sense that it argues learners construct knowledge from their experiences and interactions. A simple explanation of constructivism might be that it assumes people learn best when they learn by doing. Advocates of constructivism as a teaching methodology, like David Elkind, maintain that it provides individuals with deeper levels of understanding and internalization. Based on epistemology, Elkind argues constructivism avoids the pitfalls of educational reforms based on political or social events..."

Tags:education, knowledge, learning, teaching, curriculum, Piaget, society, metaphysical, epistemological, theories, learners, reality

Abstract
This paper sets out to determine the relationship between teachers' motivation and their engagement in educational reform initiatives. It uses a random sample of 50 teachers from five Abu Dhabi high schools, and focuses on the role that motivation plays in improving teacher engagement with the educational policies. The research also aims to determine whether a lack of motivation can influence teacher involvement with education reforms carried out in schools. The paper includes a literature review on the subject and several tables of results.

Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Research Aims
Research Objectives
Significance of Research
Review of Related Literature
Introduction
Abu Dhabi Education Council: An Overview
Teacher Motivation
Self-Determination Theory
Methodology
Research Approach
Research Design
Respondents and Sampling Plan
Procedure
Questionnaire
Reliability and Validity
Ethical Considerations
Method of Data Analysis
Results and Discussion
Discussion
Conclusions and Recommendations

From the Paper
''The present study aimed to determine the relationship between teachers' motivation and their engagement in educational reform initiatives. Using a random sample of 50 teachers from five Abu Dhabi high schools, the study found that teacher motivation with ADEC educational reform- related activities as well as their engagement in these were at neutral levels. There are also significant, positive correlations between all the subscales of motivation and overall motivation on one hand, and teacher engagement on the other. This research has lent further support to the self-determination theory, suggesting that teacher motivation among Abu-Dhabi schools is influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Although intrinsic motivation has been found to bring about favorable outcomes, extrinsic motivation may yield either positive or negative results, depending on the level of self-determination. In the current study though, it has garnered a positive correlation with teacher engagement in educational reform.''

Tags:school, teaching, learning, motivation

Abstract
This essay discusses education reform and development in America since the time of Thomas Jefferson. The writer proposes that the religiosity in education and the classroom was originally meant to be separate in order that schools may focus on education and the development of the country as a whole. In addition, the writer plays a series of arguments that says religion was not the enemy of education but rather the wrong vantage point to begin a proper pedagogy.

From the Paper
"The motive would be clear here, as the rising prominence in influence and impulse of young students themselves would drive Wayside and his contemporaries to scrutinize college governance and administration as processes separate from the priorities of education itself. The impact of Wayside's recognition would be the newfound scrutiny of decisions which placed those unqualified in the areas of education in positions of power and determination where education was concerned. Perhaps most troubling amongst the outcomes of this orientation at America's universities was its perpetuation of a class system. Those who had been elevated to places of administrative oversight were typically wealthy elites whose legacy in the institution or community would have a greater bearing on the position of power than on their qualifications therefore. By outcome, the goals of education would often be subverted to the proclivities of class exclusion, making most of America's higher educational contexts the province of those already wealthy and imbued with opportunity."

Tags:education, reform, college, dartmouth

Abstract
This paper discusses reform related to education in the global community. The paper focuses on the attempts of eleven countries, spanning five continents that have attempted educational reform in the past several decades. This paper then further pinpoints the issues that surround the educational reform, the problems that it attempts to address, and the results of the reform in comparison with the other countries investigated. The paper is significant in educational research because it develops a pattern of global reform that should be addressed within countries that are developing educational reform systems.

From the Paper
"Although the twenty-first century possesses great aspirations for students that dream of changing the world, educational systems across the continents often do not have the ability to assist with such intentions, and are struggling within society to implement educational reform. Often the complication lies in the ability of the social structure to be made aware of the difficulties that exist in education, or it is society's disenchantment with systems that were long contended as unchangeable that led to a dormancy in action to reform the methods that are devised to provide public education. However, the research indicates that battles are being waged across the globe to instill educational systems that will meet the needs of the children of today within the global community, and prepare a framework for the progress of education in the future."

Tags:education, bullying, research

Tags:reform, school

From the Paper
"Educational reform has been identified as the vehicle for preparing our future vanguards to compete for the position of world leadership. Educational reform is one of several important issues that facilitates the continuation of the democratic republic in America."

Tags:reform, school

Abstract
This paper explains that the most promising systemic educational reform plan involves school choice, a school system that allows parents to select which school their children attend, thus giving parents the freedom to move their children out of ineffective schools while at the same time motivating the ineffective schools to improve. The author stresses that the government should only open the school choice program to families who 1) demonstrate economic need and 2) whose children would be assigned to an inadequate public school. The paper states that an effective educational system based on choice must include religious schools among the choice options.

Table of Contents
The Significance of Education
School Reform Efforts
School Finance Reform
Reform Plans Involving Forms of School Choice
Inter-district Transfer Plans and Controlled Choice
School Choice Systems in Milwaukee and Cleveland
Barriers to Choice-based Education Reform
Legal Obstacles to School Choice
A Pyrrhic Desegregation Policy
Political Barriers to School Reform
Conclusion: Constructing a Feasible School Choice System
Overcoming Legal Barriers
Religious "Choice" Schools
Designing a School Choice System
Targeted Participation
Maximum Number of Available Options
Funding School Choice
The Choice Process
Evaluating a School Choice System

From the Paper
"Ironically, reform efforts to ensure equal educational opportunity have faced opposition from interests pursuing a strict desegregation enforcement policy. Some of these proponents of a strict desegregation policy have confused the means with the ends in providing for equal education through the desegregation doctrine established in Brown. The reasoning by the Court in "Brown" implied that the purpose of integration was to ensure that racial minorities received an equal educational opportunity: "We come then to the question presented: Does segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race, even though the physical facilities and other "tangible" factors may be equal, deprive the children of the minority group of equal educational opportunities?" This implies that equal "tangible" factors are necessary elements of an equal educational opportunity."

Tags:re-segregation, inter-district, brown, religious, barriers

Abstract
Modern Japan suffers from a mismatch between the needs of its economy and the skills of students produced by its education system. While Japan's economy boomed, employers feverishly recruited college graduates, especially those from prestigious universities, and new hires enjoyed the prospect of lifetime employment.

From the Paper
"Modern Japan suffers from a mismatch between the needs of its economy and the skills of students produced by its education system. While Japan's economy boomed, employers feverishly recruited college graduates, especially those from prestigious universities, and new hires enjoyed the prospect of lifetime employment. Today, the bubble has burst on Japan's economy and recent college graduates find themselves scrambling for jobs in a labor market that is oversupplied. The six-year slump in Japan's economy means that companies can no longer spare the funds for training new workers. Consequently, managers express a need for college graduates who are not only well-versed in information technology, global markets, and modern finance, but creative self-starters as well. In response to this need, Japan's Ministry of Education has initiated sweeping reforms."