Abstract
This paper addresses several aspects of European economic history, focusing primarily on the medieval period. The paper includes a discussion of the role of the fairs of Champagne and the effect of the Black Death.

Tags:economics, history, trade, europe, feudalism, serfs, finance

Abstract
This paper examines the Public Choice Theory and deadweight loss as they apply to Indian economic history.

From the Paper
"India's economic history has been a case study for economists of the Public Choice Theory school. The maxim held by all free market economists is that people are motivated mainly be their self-interests. Although people often do act based on their concern for other people the basic motive behind a person's actions is typically a concern for their own self. Public Choice theorists take this self interest and ascribe it to the people in power. Public Choice economists believe that people acting in the political marketplace are ..."

Tags:India, economic history, public choice theory, deadweight loss

Abstract
This paper gives an analysis of Marxism that focuses on Marx's economic analysis of the history of the world. It concludes that the dialectical preconditions that he had established for a revolution have never existed to date.

From the Paper
"Karl Marx was born in ... Two centuries later his theories on the way human beings organize themselves continue to resonate and to affect governments around the world. Indeed, it would not be an exaggeration to note that Marx's influence on the modern world is unmatched by all but a select handful of thinkers. At heart Marx analyzed the world and history through the lens of economics. Some of Marx's followers have named his theories dialectical materialism, asserting that it forms a synthesis of dialectical philosophy and materialism."

Tags:Marx, lenin, communism, revolution, russia, proletariat, bourgeoisie, economics

Abstract
This paper analyzes the impact of war upon the economic history and development of Canada. According to the paper, war in the Canadian context has been manifestations of social spending rather than military expenditure. In terms of economic history, however, the paper notes that the role of war in Canada's development has been more complex than many would expect. The paper concludes by arguing that the Second World War caused Canadian economic development to foster centralization and increase the relative economic policy making power of the federal government versus the provincial governments.

From the Paper
"The impact of war upon the economic history and development is a complex topic given the fact that Canada, at least in popular memory, has not been a nation defined by war in the way of the American colossus to the south. This essay will argue, with particular reference to the Second World War, that the impact of war upon Canadian economic development was to foster economic centralization and promote a fundamentally new economic paradigm - Keynesian economics - regarding the role of the state in the..."

Tags:canada, history, economic

Abstract
This paper examines various themes in Canada's economic history, using an article by Harold Innis as its basis. According to the paper, staple products were hugely important to the economic development of Canada because the early settlers were desperate to acquire some of the finished goods or luxury items found in the "old world" and these could only be accessed via trade. The paper further notes that those unfortunate souls who found themselves grappling with life in the harsh Canadian wilderness were only too happy to use the abundant mineral resources and fish stocks of the New World to finance the acquisition of luxury items.

From the Paper
"The essential theme to this short paper penned by Harold Innis is that staple products were hugely important to the economic development of Canada because the early settlers were desperate to acquire some of the finished goods or luxury items found in the "old world" and these could only be accessed via trade; needless to say, those unfortunate souls who found themselves grappling with life in the harsh Canadian wilderness were only too happy to use the abundant mineral resources and fish stocks of the New World to finance the acquisition of luxury items that brought their standard of living closer to what it had been before they crossed..."

Tags:canadian, economic, innis

Abstract
Canadian economic history since Confederation can be divided into three broad categories. The era of the National Policy, the era of the Keynesian welfare state and, in the last twenty years the socio-political environment has shift hard right with 'neo-liberalism.' This paper briefly summarizes, delineates and differentiates these three central periods of Canadian economic history.

Abstract
This paper recounts Hong Kong's economic history from the time it became a British colony in the mid-19th century until the present. Hong Kong has prevailed as a remarkably prosperous territory since then, surviving various calamities, and has maintained its success even under the rule of the People's Republic of China. The paper concludes that Hong Kong's economic history has produced a distinctive culture that seems permanent, different from what is found in newly industrialized and advancing areas of Mainland China.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
The 19th Century
World War II and Beyond
The 1960s and 1970s
The End of British Hong Kong
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In the 1930s, the Global Depression affected all Chinese ports including Hong Kong. Small scale manufacturing engaged many Chinese by this time whereas outsiders tend to think that most people were employed in the port of Hong Kong or its support trades and industries. The completion of the Canton-Kowloon railway was a boon because goods could be moved quickly from the Mainland, undercutting steamers and junks that once took goods to Hong Kong for onward shipping. (Chui, 1973, 55) Also, Chinese business experience allowed many to tough out years of lower demand finding new niche markets in simple goods required elsewhere in East and Southeast Asia. Clan and family networks allowed small profits from goods said to be needed in the Netherlands East Indies or Rangoon or Malaya, the general 'survivability' of the business community seen. In December of 1941, the invasion of the Imperial Japanese Army destroyed nearly built up in a hundred years of activity. No one knows how many local Chinese were murdered, foreigners interned, as Allied soldiers and local reservists tried to defend the colony, many of whom were killed or taken as prisoners of the Japanese. This time is remembered by Hong Kong people as an era of suffering and destruction. (See Banham, 2003)"

Tags:British colony, Britain, United Kingdom, industry trade bank commerce

Abstract
This paper looks at two very different articles that have to do with the 20th century economic history of Hong Kong. Teh first article the paepr reviews is by David Clayton, in which he describes all that he was able to learn from records that he obtained in the 1990s from an ordinary Hong Kong knitting factory that had gone bankrupt in 1933 and how it was reconstructed. Catherine R. Schenk's "The Empire Strikes Back -Hong Kong and the Decline of Sterling in the 1960s" refers to a very different Hong Kong.

Tags:hk1930s, hk1960s, adaptation

Abstract
This is a thematic paper looking at Hong Kong's entire economic history, including various references, towards an explanation as to how Hong Kong's culture so differs from that of Mainland China, Taiwan, or other Chinese enclaves. The writer discusses the collaborative relationship with the British and foresight in post-War era. Further the writer looks at the creation of industrial/manufacturing base to allow independence, capitalizing on resource of acumen and steady labor supply.

From the Paper
"Economic history is more than the study of productivity or statistics. It provides understanding of how distinctive cultures develop and change, and the economic history of Hong Kong seems bound to have created a new identity, and one that people belonging to Hong Kong will continue to value. Brown & Foot's study of Hong Kong reflects a manner of looking at Hong Kong's development in delineated phases or `stages' after 1840. However, if one looks at economics in a society that is dynamic, contained, but also cosmopolitan, thematic approaches may be more helpful."

Tags:hongkong, economichy, culture

Abstract
This paper talks about the significance that salt has had on the lifestyle of humans throughout history. The paper talks about salt's historical, economic, religious, financial, and cultural influence on human communities over time.

From the Paper
"From time immemorial to the current age, the significance of salt to the human community and the animals has been vastly acknowledged. Ever since the time when salt made its entry, several millennia ago, it has vastly influenced the lifestyle of humans. This is not only with regard to the dieting pattern or the age-old food preserving industry. It also takes into account the human, financial, historical and religion adherent or orthodox planes. Finally, but in no way lesser in significance, salt has influenced the habit patterns and occult ways. Salt was significantly considered in exchange between the retailers, to the extent that it gave rise to "salt routes" via which merchants commenced the transportation and traded it to countries where there was no generation of salt. Salt is a priority in the chemical industry where it serves as a chief source for the vast array of chemical constituents."

Tags:socium, chlorine, nac1, human, body, minerals, history, life, food, water