Abstract
In this article, the writer maintains that the historical evidence on the rapid economic growth of the British Empire is clear. The writer discusses that during the 18th and 19th centuries-fueled by the Industrial Revolution, modern banking systems, and revolutions in transportation such as the railroads and steamships-the British Empire expanded significantly. However, by 1870, there were indications that this growth was unsustainable and would not last. The writer points out that in fact, it did not and within less than a century, the grand British Empire had collapsed in upon itself, letting loose effectively all of its colonial holdings. The hypothesis of this study is that one of the major contributing factors to this disintegration was the rise in popularity of collectivist and protectionist trade policies within the Empire, and the decline of free market values.

Tags:empire, economics

Abstract
The paper asserts that British industrialization is an important research topic considering many of the similarities between the effect it had on the economic, financial, and social developments of the time and the current similarities found in the developments that are being facilitated by globalization. The paper examines British industrialization and Britain's colonial period to provide the economist with greater insight into some of the ongoing developments in the contemporary economic environment where these structural inequalities are, unfortunately, found today.

From the Paper
"British industrialization is an important research topic considering many of the similarities between the effect it had on the economic, financial, and social developments of the time and the current similarities found in today's economic developments that are being facilitated by globalization. In fact, the relationship between colonization and British industrialization is very similar to the relationship between globalization and the increasing income gaps between the rich and poor..."

Tags:british, industrialization, inequality

Abstract
This paper describes the economic theories of Indian nationalist, Naoroji, and his assertion that by over-exploitation of Indian wealth and revenues, the British impoverished a continent and behaved in an "Un-British" manner economically and politically.

From the Paper
"Naoroji was responsible for helping to sow the seeds of Indian Nationalism and served as president of the Indian National Congress three times, and he also lived in England and served inthe British House of Commons. Forgotten Pioneer Naoroji was a strong critic of British rule in India during the Raj, arguing that British rule was essentially un-British in that it was much less than fair, just, egalitarian, economically sound and democratic. (Banerjee) In an economic treatise titled..."

Tags:India, Dadabhai Naoroji, British colonial rule, the Raj

Abstract
The paper relates that during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, the British Empire began its remarkable expansion across the globe. The paper reveals that while many historians and experts on the subject attribute the success of British expansion to a host of social, political, and economic factors, others contend that one of the primary factors involved the architecture of British ships as well as naval tactics.

From the Paper
"During the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, the British Empire began its remarkable expansion across the globe. While many historians and experts on the subject attribute the success of British expansion to a host of social, political, and economic factors, others contend that one of the primary factors involved the architecture of British ships as well as naval tactics. Along these lines, in fact, one team of experts argues that "naval architecture, naval tactics, gunnery, and navigation were...""

Tags:british navy, age exploration, new world 1492

Abstract
The paper discusses how the change in ethnic composition in the British Columbia population has not changed the basic framework of the province's political culture since the 1950s even as human rights have improved and ethnic discrimination has been mostly eliminated. The paper looks at how many other political, economic, and social factors have impacted British Columbia's political culture far more than changes in ethnic composition, primarily because of their impact on a higher percentage of the population, but also because human rights have improved and ethnic discrimination had been virtually eliminated. Ultimately, the paper shows how when an issue has been addressed and rectified in a political constituency, it no longer has much impact on the political culture of that constituency.

From the Paper
"The change in ethnic composition in the British Columbia population has not changed the basic framework of the province's political culture since the 1950s even as human rights have improved and ethnic discrimination has been mostly eliminated. Many other political, economic, and social factors have impacted British Columbia's political culture far more than changes in ethnic composition, primarily because of their impact on a higher percentage of the population, but also because human rights have improved..."

Tags:british, columbia, politics

Abstract
An analysis of the various factors that worked in an interrelated manner and influenced the various constituents involved in making the decision on whether British Columbia should join Canada. These factors included social factors. such as class, political factors, and economic considerations (e.g. railway). More specifically, some of the key considerations were the impact of potential annexation by the United States, the Gold Rush, and the influence of Britain and its imperialist views of BC as a colony. Furthermore, this essay includes an analysis of the key players (e.g. political figures, journalists, influential elite, etc.) and their role in this decision. Players include Amor de Cosmos, Anthony Musgrave, James Douglas, Hudson Bay Company, and John A. MacDonald.

From the Paper
"British Columbia's decision to join Canada over other alternatives was a combination of the colony's economic and social need and influence of various constituents that were guided by political motivations. There were three options available to the colony of British Columbia prior to their joining Confederation and becoming part of the Dominion of Canada. One of these alternatives available was to remain with the status quo of being a British colony. Annexation by the United States was the second alternative. The third option open was to become part of the Dominion of Canada. In this essay, I would argue there was a combination of factors that led British Columbia to choose the third alternative. One of the key factors was related to a need for a solution to the economic problems of the colony arising from growing debt and the slow growing economy. Another important issue for many British Columbians was the desire to have a "responsible government" that was more representative of the colony's people. Surrounding the situation of finding a solution to the colony's economic problems and pressure for independence were the political motivations of various players from not only British Columbia, but also the Dominion of Canada and Britain. The influence of these political actors played an important role in leading to an agreement between Canada and British Columbia containing terms that made joining confederation the most attractive alternative out of the three discussed in this paper."

Tags:anthony, bay, constituents, decision, dominion, douglas, economic, gold, hudson, james, john, macdonald, musgrave, political, social, union

Abstract
This is a literature review of several articles on the British empire and British imperialism. The paper shows how culture in a whole, as a means of control, would have two roots; British attitudes would have them see themselves as worthy of being in the position to dominate, while practical considerations would place some focus on culture as a method of control, with economics and military force.

From the Paper
"The question the three articles discussed below try to answer is whether there is a particular theme that would explain how culture within the British Empire worked, how it influenced society with the wide range of peoples under the empire, and how they influenced the culture of the empire. The three articles discuss different narrower themes within the cultural domination of the empire."

Tags:britain, empire, colonialism

Abstract
This paper discusses how, historically, economics plays a role in currency value, price setting and import and exportation of goods. The paper shows how within the United States and Great Britain, currency rates have adjusted to meet the needs of supply and demand seen within the population and how the supply and demand have a way of significantly affecting market prices, as well as altering the economy to establish a new equilibrium.

From the Paper
"The concept of price elasticity may be used, along with marketing research information, in order to help a company establish a price for their product. In this way, the company may develop a price that will both allow for the greatest levels of market penetration, and allow the company to best maximize their profits.
"Price elasticity refers to whether or not a given market has a demand that is changeable according to the supply of the market. The most elastic markets are those that see the largest increase in demand when a relatively small decrease in supply occurs. Threats that the product may not be available when a consumer wants it tempt the consumer into purchasing more than they normally would of the product."

Tags:monopoly, supply, demand, market, export, import

Abstract
This paper argues that, although the British government did an excellent job leaving the Great Depression behind and preparing Britain for World War II, crucial mistakes caused the British economy to collapse immediately after the war ended. As a result of its weakened economy, the author relates, many of Britain's colonies began to pursue successful independence movements . The paper concludes that the lessons learned by studying the British economy before, during and after World War II remain relevant to those planning to undertake the laborious and economically risky task of modern warfare. Modern warfare is fought on economic battlegrounds.

From the Paper
"The Anglo-American Loan was supposed to be the answer. British economist John Maynard Keynes had been the mastermind behind Great Britain's surprisingly smooth transition to a wartime economy during the early stages of World War II. However, he failed in his attempt to negotiate a favorable outcome for Britain after the United States' termination of the Lend Lease Act. In December of 1945, Keynes was sent by the British government to parley a loan deal with the United States that would prevent an economic catastrophe in Britain."

Tags:warfare miscalculations, lend lease act, anglo-american loan, colonies

Abstract
This paper provides an economic analysis of particular historical factors that contributed to the relative decline of the British Empire since around 1870. It begins by briefly discussing the basis for the British Empire's phenomenal growth. The paper then focuses its explanation for the Empire's fall on the collapse of free market values in the empire and their replacement with collectivist and protectionist strategies that encouraged rival nations to assert their own global dominance and threaten Britain's position.

From the Paper
"In the end, the Empire's rigid attempts to hold onto the whole of itself at the expense of free market values would be the undoing of the Empire. The tighter the control the Empire exerted to make up for lagging industry and slow innovation, the more threats from outside the Empire intensified as well as unrest within the Empire and nationalist uprisings. These factors ultimately had the effect of undermining the strength of the Empire. After two World Wars, the British Empire was thoroughly unable to maintain its position of global dominance and quietly let go of its remaining colonial holdings. In 1947, with the liberation of India, the British Empire was effectively no more (Windschuttle par. 3). The most powerful empire in the world--even if it was one of the most short-lived--was no more, suffering a relative decline in importance and authority began quietly as early as the 1870s."

Tags:uprising, free, trade, innovation, protectionist, collectivist