Abstract The paper discusses how bordersecurity has been an issue for many countries for some time, from a security and economic perspective. The paper discusses the ramifications of border control for the country being invaded and for the country losing the people. The paper looks at the opening of borders to trade and the U.S., Canada and Mexico's NAFTA agreement that has become for many the symbol of globalization.
From the Paper "The prevailing attitudes toward immigration and border security were seen as being in conflict with aspects of American economic policy in the era of increased globalization. Critics often see globalization as something that happens to other parts of the world while the governing elites in America benefit. Those who see America as harmed in any way usually do so in terms of American workers thrown out of work because of factories moving to Mexico or China. There are other ways in which Americans are affected by globalization, however, among them when "formerly tightly knit neighborhoods absorb new waves of immigration and the job market changes, to a certain degree prompted by plant closings in favor of cheap labor overseas" (Mittelman, 2002, p. 5)."
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that, following the horror of the catastrophe and carnage of September 11, 2001, if there was ever any doubt that America's priorities needed to be changed, that doubt was now removed. The writer relates that America's leaders would begin to examine the nation's vulnerabilities, among the most glaring of which was the porousness of its borders - the vast influx of Mexican nationals across America's southwestern frontier. The writer notes that the flood of Mexicans across the United States border, though the result primarily of economic factors, has powerful implications for America's security. The writer points out that a serious analysis of the aims of America's national security strategy might look at whether illegal aliens truly present the terrorism problem that has been attributed to them. The writer concludes that while there may be real and significant reason to contain or eliminate illegal immigration from Mexico, and to seal the Southwestern border of the United States, government action does not seem to bear out the sense of urgency inherent in its rhetoric.
From the Paper "The Immigration and Naturalization Service was already putting operation plans that would treat alien groups as potential subversives, arrogating to itself extraordinary, seemingly extra-legal powers in the name of guarding against potential national security threats. The fear of alien incursion to which these contingencies react is based on a still larger problem, of which Mexico and other developing nations appear to partake. It is a similar to the problems that pervade much of the Muslim world, as well, and give rise to the feelings of hopelessness, despair, and frustration, that turn so many into terrorists."
"Globalization has led to a worldwide race for control of resources, both human and natural. The populations of developing nations, like Mexico, feel themselves more exploited than ever by the multinational corporations operating out of technologically-advanced nations like the United States."
Abstract The paper discusses how bordersecurity is becoming a major issue in the post-9-11 world. The paper relates that the problem was seen first in economic and social terms, then as a law enforcement matter and now as a national security issue. The paper discusses how while this may have made the nation more serious about controlling the flow of illegal immigration, it has not immediately suggested how to accomplish this difficult task. The paper examines the various means that are being recommended and tried; increasing the number of border guards, building a fence, enhancing ID cards and using facial recognition software.
Outline:
Introduction
EconomicSecurity Immigration and Crime
The Immigration Debate
Conclusion
From the Paper "The immigration debate has been ongoing for many years, with an effort to determine the degree to which legal immigration will be supported and illegal immigration will be tolerated. The United States has two major borders, the longest with Canada (not generally seen as an issue) and a shorter one with Mexico (considered a major problem and at times a major threat as thousands of illegal immigrants cross each year seeking economic benefits in the U.S.) For decades, the border has been relatively porous in spite of the many people who have raised the issue and who see illegal immigration as a major economic threat."
This paper addresses the debate surrounding immigration reform in the US and argues that migrant laborers are a necessary component of the U.S. economy.
Abstract This paper discusses immigration reform and the growing Minuteman Movement, in which armed vigilantes have taken to patrolling the border.
The paper supports bordersecurity but contends that immigration should be expanded. The paper explains that the country should validate what is occurring anyway and what is in fact required for the country's economic well-being.
Outline:
Overview
The Minutemen Project
Open-Door Immigration Reform
Conclusion
From the Paper "Immigration and immigration reform are issues central the United States (U.S.) and will continue to be important because of the U.S.'s historical encouragement of immigration and its ongoing reliance on foreign labor crossing the border from its Southern neighbor Mexico. The U.S. has several lengthy border with its neighboring countries; primarily Canada and Mexico. Because of Canada's high standard of living and developed economy, illegal immigration across the border with that country is minimal and not considered a priority. However, Mexico is a developing market with a large population and a high rate of poverty and therefore its citizens consider crossing the border into the U.S. and working primarily in labor positions as an opportunity to improve their quality of lives."
Abstract This paper describes the increased security at the Canada-U.S. border following 9/11 and discusses the challenges facing Canadian firms exporting to the U.S. The paper presents alternative options for Canadian companies. The paper states that, despite these alternatives, many Canadian companies chose to continue their profitable relationship with the U.S. and, instead, focus on solving border issues through effective management.
From the Paper "Canadian managers are faced with a number of international environments during the normal course of foreign business. These can include differences in language and culture, and differences in units of measurement. In an international environment, financial concerns and currency are also often apparent, as are concerns over differences in laws. However, perhaps the most important of these international environments focuses around trade agreements, sanctions, and barriers, and concerns over national security. In trade between the U.S. and Canada in the post-9/11 world, Canadian managers are faced with the problems of ensuring that trade flows freely within the context of increased American border security after September 11th."
Abstract This paper presents a detailed examination of issues surrounding borders and customs in Canada following the events of 9/11. The writer explores changes that have taken place and the impact of those changes on the privacy of Canadian citizens. In particular, the writer uses the Canadian Constitution and the Charter of Rights to examine this issue. The author concludes that since the events of 9/11, it has become necessary to re-evaluate national security measures in Canada, while at the same time ensuring that the privacy of Canada's citizens is protected as well.
Outline:
Introductions
Customs and Borders Charter Issues
When All is Said and Done
From the Paper "Since the events of 9-11 the two most important areas of concern for Canadian officials have been customs and border issues. Because the terrorist who committed the attacks on the New York City World Towers used commercial airplanes to commit those attacks the Canadian officials along with the rest of the world has moves toward increasing air travel safety and border regulations to insure terrorists do not have access either by land or by air."
Abstract An examination of homeland security in the United states from a federal level, identifying a need for strengthened security following the September 11th attacks. The writer discusses decisions planned to strengthen security at the nation's borders and what is used to establish the need for a new homeland security system. It indicates that the protection plan of the nation's boundaries as well as its infrastructure, is the focus of the Homeland Security system.
From the Paper "Before one can understand the new homeland security measures that are being taken one must have a grasp on what homeland security is and how it affects populations. Homeland security is the process by which the nation's borders are protected. It is a complicated process that involves many agencies working with the federal government. Those agencies can include other federal agencies as well as state and local agencies. The need for stronger homeland security has been debated for the last decade. ?No one in Washington thought a Homeland Security Department was the answer in 1993 when a truck bomb in the World Trade Center's garage killed six people. It was never suggested that U.S. law enforcement needed to be overhauled in 1995 when Timothy McVeigh murdered 168 people in Oklahoma City."
Tags: terror, united, states, system, border, goverment, bush, safe, federal
This in-depth paper analyzes Israel's security policies as well as the ongoing controversial debate regarding the building of the security fence which would separate Israel from the Palestinians.
Abstract This well-researched paper examines the ongoing conflict between Israel and the Palestinians, while focusing on the various events that led to the decision to construct a security wall that would separate the two nations. This paper discusses Israel's implementation of "Operation Defensive Wall", which came about in 2002 in response to a suicide bombing in which 28 Israelis were killed by Palestinian terrorists that infiltrated Israel's borders. This in-depth paper analyzes Israel's history from its birth as a state in 1948 to the present as well as the country's continuous battle to survive amidst hostile Arab neighbors such as Syria. The writer of this paper contends that there are various options to maintaining a lasting peace between Israel and the Palestinians which do not include the security fence. One option would be to offer financial incentives to the Palestinians while another would be for Israel to withdraw to the pre-1967 borders. This paper discusses the pros and cons involved in Israel returning occupied land to the Palestinians in hopes for peace and lasting security.
From the Paper "Since the end of formal hostilities in 1973, the attacks on Israel from its hostile neighbors have been replaced by shadowy groups that rely more on terror tactics than infantry and tanks. First the PLO, which led to Israel's invasion of Southern Lebenon in 1982 and subsequently Hizbollah, which was formed in 1983, and Hamas in 1988. Both of these groups had, as their stated intention, the murder of every Jew and the destruction of the state of Israel and its allies. It was after twenty years of these terrorist tactics, and the lives of hundreds of innocent Israelis, that Israel began to consider building a fence around its borders. It would be almost another ten years before it finally implemented this tactic. Israel's decision to build a wall separating itself from external threats has become a controversial one. Seen within Israel as the best chance to reduce or eliminate terrorism, and solidify the border between the Jewish state and the Palestinian state, it is viewed by much of the outside world as a symbol of oppression."
Tags: middle, east, security, wall, plo, arab, jews, conflict, government, political, palestinian, terror
Abstract This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes the topic of bordersecurity in the United States. Specifically, it discusses whether efforts to restructure U.S. immigration policy should focus primarily on securing the nations borders or if the reformers' priority should be facilitating illegal immigrants' ability to obtain a work permit or attain U.S. citizenship.
From the Paper "In conclusion, securing the borders is necessary for a number of compelling reasons. It will help keep the nation more secure from terrorists and other threats. It will also help stem the tide of illegal immigrants flowing across the border. These illegal immigrants cost the country billions in health care, education, and criminal justice costs, and stopping the flow will help the country both economically and socially. Americans must support the border fence and stronger measures for border security and the entire border must remain secured in the future. Immigration policy should see some reform, and it should be more friendly to immigrants attempting the enter the country through the preferred legal channels. However, the immigration policy must strongly address security of the nation's borders as well. America's safety and security depends on it."
Abstract The paper examines the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and looks at how the United States' information systems fail to meet the tests of universality and of platform and operating systems compatibility. The paper then looks at how bordersecurity and the war against bioterrorism have been facilitated by cutting-edge technologies that are compromised by the same interoperability issues. The paper concludes that the failings of the DHS is proof that a more streamlined, centralized data-gathering and data-exchange process is needed.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Information Systems and Standards Universality, Oversight and Compatibility: the Case of the United States Government
Federal Information Systems and the Border A brief Look at Federal information Systems and Bioterrorism
Future Vision
Conclusions/Summary
From the Paper "A Government Accountability Office Study conducted in June of 2005 found many problems with the information system in place at the Department of Homeland Security - problems that clearly reveal logistical and planning problems that must be overcome both in the public and in the private realms if the terrorist threat is to be appreciably reduced. To begin with, if the DHS is to be held up as an example, the United States government has done a desultory job of putting in place universal information security practices and controls. Things like a proper risk assessment, security plan, a regime of security tests and evaluations, remedial action plans, and a structure for the continuity of operations have (in one way or another) fallen short of expectations or have simply been absent (Government Accountability Office, 2005)."
Abstract The paper reviews the manner in which the nations of the United States and Canada address illegal immigration, specifically at the northern US border. The paper looks at the major elements; laws, bureaucratic initiatives and legal sanctions employed by the United States to secure its northern border. The paper also looks at where the Canadian approach is similar and where it is markedly different.
From the Paper "Illegal immigration into America via its southern border has received a great deal of attention for a very long time. However, America also has a northern border about which it should be concerned because this border - the Canada-US border - is allowing into the United States people who constitute a grave threat to the lives of every-day Americans. With this in mind, the following paper will explore illegal immigration into the US via the Canadian border by looking at how each country deals with the problem."
Abstract This paper examines immigration issues as they pertain to the U.S.'s Mexico border. It is evident that throughout its history the United States has experienced continuous immigration, as American political freedom, religious tolerance, economic opportunities, and huge geographical size have combined to draw millions of people from all around the world to America in hopes of building better lives for themselves and their children.
From the Paper "In analyzing immigration issues as they pertain to the U.S.-Mexico border, it is evident that throughout its history, the United States has experienced continuous immigration, for American political freedoms, religious tolerance, economic opportunities, and huge geographical size have combined to draw millions of people from all around the world to America in hopes of building better lives for themselves and their children. Over the years, the pace of immigration has waxed and waned depending upon political, religious, and economic conditions, but emigration from Mexico to the United States has remained steady, both in terms of legal and illegal immigrants."
Abstract This paper discusses the Department of Homeland Security, the consolidation of 22 previously incongruent domestic agencies after the events of September 11, 2001 into one department whose sole job is to protect the nation against threats to Americans. It examines its history, hierarchy and current programs as well as its budgeting and its future. It looks at how especially due to the current, escalated climate in American politics, the structure, operation and future of the DHS are critical to the safety of all Americans. This paper includes footnotes and detailed appendixes A through H.
From the Paper "The hierarchy within the Department of Homeland Security is rigorously outlined , illustrating a clear and concise chain of command. This strict hierarchy is necessary because of the many components included within the Department as a whole. The chain begins with Secretary Tom Ridge. Ridge was sworn in shortly after the attacks of September 11th and was confronted with the difficult task of working with over 180,000 employees from combined agencies in order to develop and carry out a strategy for the protection of the United States against terrorist attacks."
Abstract This paper posits that security is not predicated on strictly military means alone but must be grounded in economicsecurity as well. The author relates macroeconomics and politics surrounding the Thai boom and bust, including Thaksinocracy and the role of the I.M.F. The paper discusses economic change.
Tags:security, Thailand, boom, bust, economic, political, Thaksin, populism, Cold War, capitalism, neoliberal, stability, macroeconomic, IMF
Abstract This paper explains that believing everything one reads may lead to a false sense of economicsecurity. The author points out that the economy may be improving, but economists are only hoping that corporate America will get that sense of security and, therefore, create the economic resurgence the nation so desperately needs. The author predicts that, after experiencing investment deficiency, organizations will slowly increase their levels of spending, which will eventually add jobs. Charts.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Current economy
Inflation
Unemployment Figures
Iraq/Military
Investment
Airline industry
Oil
Forecast 2004
Conclusions
From the Paper "Recently new scandals have been brought to the forefront of the media regarding the mutual fund fraud and favoritism. Yet the market continues to gobble up large amounts of cash because Baby Boomers are nearing retirement. The key is that investors should be in the market for the long haul to reduce volatility. We should understand that sell-offs can happen. There are always speculative bubbles, a lack of confidence in the economy or market, potential recession, increased inflation, a possible war, or simply ?just because.? Going back as far as the 19th century proves stocks are not any riskier than bonds in the long run and although returns fluctuate from year to year, volatility is all but canceled over longer periods."
