Abstract
This paper discusses how economic systems are extremely complex structures that are often characterized by perpetual change. It attempts to define and characterize the economic systems of pure capitalism, communism, socialism and mixed economy. It examines some of the concepts of pure capitalism and shows how a communist economy is a system in which the majority of the resources and means of production are owned by the entire society instead of individuals. It also describes how a socialist economy demands state ownership and control of the all of the fundamental means of production and distribution of wealth and how a mixed economy incorporates the principles of both capitalism and socialism.

From the Paper
"There are several characteristics of capitalism. In a capitalistic economy the machines, buildings and equipment used to produce goods are privately owned. ("Capitalism") In addition, the buyers and sellers within the market dictate the manner in which the goods and services are bought and sold. Capitalism also employs the concept known as consumer sovereignty. Consumer sovereignty mandates that consumers have the right to spend the money that they earn in any way that they see fit. Consumer sovereignty also creates competition among producers. Competition ensures that consumers will get the types of products that they desire. Price is determined by supply and demand. When the demand for a product is greater than the supply of that product the price increases. Likewise if the supply of a product is greater than the demand the price decreases."

Tags:society, individuals, resources, market

Abstract
The paper discusses how although Cuba is considered a communist country, its economy is state-controlled by socialist principles, with outside investments largely restricted (U.S. Department of State, 2007). The paper explains that Cuba had been dependent on the Soviet Union prior to its collapse for government subsidies, as the Soviets would pay above-market prices for Cuban goods, while providing oil to Cuba at below-market rates. The paper further explains that Cuba went into an economic depression after the fall of the Soviet Union, and slowly rebuilt its economy by using some free market measures to obtain food, consumer products, and services.

From the Paper
"Two diverse economies that exist within the global market are Cuba's state-controlled socialist economy, and Israel's capitalist free market economy."

Tags:economy, global, government

Abstract
French governments, irrespective of their political affiliation, have always aimed at rational, efficient, economic development, with the long term objectives of the highly developed, technologically advanced economy of the United States. This paper examines the history of the French economic system from 1981 and shows how it has evolved into the system of today.

From the Paper
"Irrespective of continuous reforms and privatization during the last two decades, the government continues to regulate a large portion of economic behavior. This is no more confined to the field of health care and education but also economic activities like banking and energy generation and distribution. Railways are apparently state monopoly and the telecom sector has maximum state equity. The government economic policy has the objective of fostering investment and growth in a stable monetary and fiscal regime."

Tags:Trente, Glorieuses, administration, dirigisme, OECD, Fordist

Abstract
The paper discusses how economic systems provide the philosophical rationale within which governments operate, and without them, governments, and hence the state, would quickly devolve into erratic economic policy swings that would undermine not only the economy but the social fabric of the state as well. The paper discusses how mercantilism, liberalism, and structuralism can be thought of as blueprints by which the state operates and from which its policy emanates.

From the Paper
"Economic systems provide the philosophical rationale within which governments operate. Without them, governments, and hence the state, would quickly devolve into erratic economic policy swings that would undermine not only the economy but the social fabric of the state as well. Mercantilism, liberalism, and structuralism can be thought of as blueprints by which the state operates and from which its policy emanates. Mercantilism owes some of its early development to Adam Smith but its economic influence still radiates across global markets today in the form..."

Tags:economic, state, mercantilism

Abstract
This paper reviews, discusses and compares the two main economic systems existing in the world today, capitalism and communism. The paper discusses the USA as an example of the capitalist system and China as an example of the communist system.

Outline:
Capitalistic: US Economy
Communist : Chinese Economy
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Also there are more corporate crimes in the US economy these days and are growing with time as these corporate become more powerful and integrated in the political system (Saugstad, 2001). In times of economic crises corporate crimes are committed in order to escape government regulations, taxes, to push out the competitors and to take charge of markets, to get hold of low cost, quicker labor, and to get the right to use raw materials. Also there is more embezzlement in this economy as managers and professionals try to find their way towards achieving middle class status and to maintain it in the face of such problems like divorce, competition, economic slumps and other fiscal problems which includes a status dread which builds up before the retirement period, since in a capitalist scheme, everyone has to look after their own future."

Tags:technological, economics, unemployment, democracy, trade, inflation

Abstract
This paper discusses the similarities and differences between the 'stories' of British economic involvement in the West Indies and in the Indian subcontinent between 1750 and 1860. The paper looks at the uniqueness and complexity of each economic system and how British economic involvement in the territories forged a new 'British identity', based on the goods imported at the time.

From the Paper
"Furthermore, a major difference between the economic involvement of Britain in the West Indies and India, at least in some historian's eyes, is the nature of the influence of entrepreneurial figures. For instance, Cain and Hopkins regularly use the term Gentlemanly Capitalism to describe British economic involvement in India. The term is extremely subjective, but it can be understood to refer to a new and 'respectful' kind of Capitalism, based on the existing system of Indian capitalism as well as meaning a gentlemanly pursuit of new forms of commercial activity, such as finance, away from traditional land-owning and industry. This form of an economic aim or economic involvement did not exist in the West Indies; in fact the economic aim was diametrically opposed to that of India. In the West Indies, 'Gentlemanly' conduct was not in the economic lexicon; simply only what was economically viable. This was the case because of the very different nature of commercial activity there. Slavery was, intrinsically, a base, brutish practice, which involved the desensitising of both profiteers and victims; slaves were viewed as a commodity or chattel, while status was not based on the type of economic activity engaged in, e.g. finance, but on the amount of slaves a member of the 'plantocracy' had amassed."

Tags:entrepreneurial, commercial, industry, trade

Abstract
The paper outlines China's and America's political system and looks at the state of capitalism in China. The paper examines the form of democracy in China and highlights America's flawed belief that opening China to trade would eventually turn it into a democracy. The paper discusses the US 2005 commission report and how the Chinese perceived it as interference in their internal affairs. Finally, the paper argues against those who contend that China caused the financial mess and resulting recession in the US, and asserts that the economic crisis was caused by Americans themselves.

Outline:
The Political System of China
American Political System
Capitalism in China
Real Democracy?
A Wrong Paradigm for China
Interfering with Chinese Affairs, Distorting Facts
Not to Blame for Recession in the US

From the Paper
"The fundamental law in China is the Constitutional System (China Guide 2009). Its present Constitution was adopted by the Fifth National People's Congress on December 4, 1982. The National People's Congress or NPC is the highest state authority, China's fundamental political system. On the other hand, local authorities head local people's congresses. The people elect both state and local authorities. China's central administrative system consists of central administrative organs under the National People's Congress and central administrative organs controlling local administrative organs. The State Council of the People's Republic of China is the central administrative organ and the highest administrative organ of state. Meanwhile, the local administrative system sets up and controls administrative regional divisions and local administrative organs."

Tags:Constitution, democracy, capitalism, recession, Hu, Jintao

Abstract
The paper examines the meaning of economic benefit as it has evolved over time and has been interpreted by various economists throughout the years. Like the market, the notion of economic benefit, and where it is derived from, seems to fluctuate according to circumstance, as well as perception and interpretation. This paper traces the origin of the concept of economic benefit and maps its evolution toward it's current understanding in relation to management research and competitive advantage.

From the Paper
"Globalization, new forms of economic crises, and an unusually rapid change in the daily facts of economic life are compelling economists once again to put to themselves the question of how a grasp of the real economic world can be obtained. The modern economic world is continually facing the economist with new claims. Yet in spite of all the changes which economic development brings, a certain constancy of form is observable."

Tags:management, research, neo-classical, supply, demand, competitive, advantage

Abstract
The paper analyzes the drivers of economic growth in Israel, Qatar, Dubai, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait and analyzes these strategies according to a set of indicators which indicate the future trajectory of these countries' growth rates and the sources for this economic growth. The paper argues that disparities in income between these countries and future prospects for growth depend more on human capital development, protection of private property and individual rights and development of appropriate infrastructure than the amount of natural wealth they have developed. The paper concludes that these countries will continue to enjoy significant growth rates excluding Saudi Arabia, that will continue to struggle despite high demand and high prices for its primary extractive resources.

Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Review of Literature
Literacy Men and Women
Unemployment Rate
Investment
GDP per Capita (PPP)
Demographic Factors
Economic Policies: Measuring the Factors for Growth
Saudi Arabia: Cautionary Example
Measurements of Growth
Conclusion

From the Paper
"There is a good deal more literature about war and peace in the Middle East than there is about their economic underpinnings. The governments of Dubai and Israel have a fairly sophisticated government statistical service, which reports a good deal of financial information. This is not as true in the other three countries, perhaps as an offshoot of their focus on extractive industries, and partially due to the small size of those countries.
"A good place to start is with the fundamental economic and demographic statistics for each country. The Economist and the World Bank publish yearly updates on key measurements in these countries. Of particular interest are three measures today: literacy levels for men and women, and GDP per head (CIA, 2007)."

Tags:human, capital, private, property, individual, rights, infrastructure, natural, resources, oil

Abstract
This paper answers questions about economic theory beginning with Karl Marx and Adam Smith and showing different conceptions of social class and the division of labor between them. The paper then considers some of the meanings of capital in the capitalist system and notes how capitalism is defined, based on various theorists and on the writings of Adam Smith and Karl Marx.

From the Paper
"Adam Smith stated the liberal position in writings such as "An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations." Smith recommended freeing the economy from the control of the state. At the time, the mercantilist system prevailed by which the state regulated prices and the conditions of manufacture for goods. Smith argued that the free forces of the marketplace should shape economic decisions and Smith was the primary advocate of the French view of laissez faire, or letting the economy run on its own. The division of labor was discussed as a manifestation of natural trends and tendencies that also should be allowed to develop on their own. Marx wrote about the class system and the creation of a new class in society."

Tags:smith, marx, class