Abstract
This paper discusses the key economic issues that are facing the city of Toronto. It examines municipal spending and the city's sources of income. The paper suggests that something substantial must be done to cut down on municipal spending - preferably by improving efficiency and accountability guidelines. The paper concludes by providing some practical recommendations to the Mayor.

From the Paper
"The most important recommendation of all, however, is tied to helping the poor help themselves. This process will cut down on the need for heavy public subsidies of poor individuals insofar as men and women who are taught new skills can pursue new job opportunities in the marketplace. Additionally, money put towards job re-training programs should gradually replace social welfare outlays - not least of all because this is a more productive use of public funds and will cut down on expenses in the future. In pursuit of this educational objective, it is suggested that social welfare recipients in Toronto must indicate that they are taking educational courses for job re-training if they are to be eligible for certain types of public assistance. If we could do only one thing, job re-training would be the most important thing."

Tags:expenses, mayor, welfare, taxes, budget

Abstract
The paper explores the broad parameters for a subsequent paper examining urban development in Toronto. In particular, the paper examines the issue of waterfront development in Toronto as this area has become a fairly contentious plot of land that invites rival business and civic groups to do battle over what should be done. The paper explains why this is an important topic by looking at what the economic and social implications of waterfront development are for Toronto. The paper lists a number of questions for subsequent research to resolve. The paper aims to provide an appreciation that urban development in a city as complex and multi-faceted as Toronto is never easy, and this is never more apparent than when the discussion turns to its much-maligned waterfront.

From the Paper
"The following research proposal will set out the broad parameters for a subsequent paper examining urban development in Toronto. In particular, the paper will look at the issue of waterfront development in Toronto as this area has become a fairly contentious plot of land that invites rival business and civic groups to do battle over what should be done. Suffice it to say, the issue is significant for a number of reasons. Over the next several pages, time will be devoted to outlining why this is an important topic by looking at what the economic and social implications of waterfront development are for Toronto. Proceeding further, the paper will..."

Tags:waterfront, toronto, planning

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that in the last decade Toronto has had significant tourism issues that have been felt through events such as the terrorist bombings in New York, the SARS epidemic and the failure of small businesses across the region. The writer points out that for Toronto, a city with a vast population that is increasing in size each year, the reliance on tourism has always been significant. Yet, because of these factors the city has failed to meet the travel standards of many throughout the globe and travelers have consequently taken their ventures elsewhere. The writer then discusses that Toronto, failing to make the top ten list of "Travel and Leisure" magazine's cities to see is detrimental, because it means that yet another year will pass that will witness the city in economic decline. The writer concludes that it is evident that Toronto needs to formulate a plan using this concept that will allow the city to build its reputation in the travel industry once again and solve the continuing issues that are adversely affecting Toronto.


Outline:
Introduction
The Importance of Top Ten Lists
Results of the Failure to be Acknowledged
The Foundation of Tourism Problems in Toronto
Sustainable Tourism
Tourism in Toronto
Issues Surrounding Tourism in Toronto
Opinions about the Issues
The Need for Community Action
Governmental Concerns
Possible Solutions
Global Tourism
The Significance of Tourism across the Globe
Impact of Tourism
Affects on the Local Economy and the Local People
Attempts to Solve the Issue
What Toronto has Attempted to Date
The Results of This Attempt
Answers for the Future
Working Together
Organizational Change
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In the last decade Toronto has had significant tourism issues that have been felt through events such as the terrorist bombings in New York, the SARS epidemic and the failure of small businesses across the region. For Toronto, a city with a vast population that is increasing in size each year, the reliance on tourism has always been significant. Yet, because of these factors the city has failed to meet the travel standards of many throughout the globe and travelers have consequently taken their ventures elsewhere. Toronto, failing to make the top ten list of Travel and Leisure Magazine's cities to see is detrimental, therefore, because it means that yet another year will pass that will witness the city in economic decline."

Tags:tourism, city, sustainable, enterprise

Abstract
This paper presents a research proposal to examine Toronto's waterfront development and outlines the economic and social implications. The paper lists a number of questions for subsequent research to resolve. The paper concludes with the writer's firm contention that Toronto's dilemma needs to be resolved before Toronto can properly call itself a world-class city. A tentative bibliography is included with the paper.

From the Paper
"To begin with, Toronto's tourism industry is a large one that employs literally thousands of Torontonians and contributes many millions of dollars each year to the local economy. Consequently, if the waterfront is not attractive to visitors there is the distinct possibility that they may look to other locations more "in tune" with their aesthetic sensibilities. Secondly, Toronto is a quickly-expanding city that is gradually running out of readily-available land. Because of this, the city will either have to begin purchasing lands adjacent to it - at considerable cost - or it will have to begin finding new areas within its limits that can be utilized for industrial or - just as importantly - residential use. Finally, the topic is important for psychological reasons, as well. That is to say, Toronto is a city eager to show the world that it is a world-class metropolitan center. Clearly, making the waterfront more attractive to outsiders is obviously a first step towards achieving a greater status relative to its American and European counterparts. As a result, the issue is a vital one that any one concerned about the future of Toronto should take seriously."

Tags:urban, issues, tourism, property, policies

Abstract
In this article, the writer proves that segregation exists in a city like Toronto, which is touted to be a "world within a city". The writer reflects on the effectiveness of the former two-tier system of governance, in respect to housing policies. The writer concentrates on the economical gentrification occurring in Parkdale, and the ethnic segregation in various neighborhoods in Metro Toronto between 1953 and 1997. Also taken into account are factors such as immigration, income and race in order to paint a clearer picture on the issue. The paper reveals that segregation and gentrification became common housing policy methods when Toronto had a two-tier level of government. Starting off with a brief history of Toronto, the writer continues to analyze the evolution of segregation and gentrification throughout the years.

From the Paper
"To further prove that the actions taken by Metro Toronto were at least faulty, one must also consider the downloading of services from the province, especially in this particular case of treating the mentally ill. Circa 1979-1980, a new trend emerged, whereby "community-based care" was considered an adequate replacement for hospitals in which long term institutionalization occurred. The premise of this idea was simple and, on paper, seemed beneficial for social integration of these people. These patients would be discharged and moved into 'group-homes,' where they would receive care, whilst integrated into society and becoming more independent. This trend had resulted in the closing down of the Lakeshore Provincial Psychiatric Hospital and the Queen Street Health Centre for Addiction and Mental Health."

Tags:municipal, segregation, gentrification, racism, discrimination

Abstract
This paper gives an in-depth analysis of the issue of racism in Canada, focusing on the ethno-national enclaves in Toronto, and further focusing on Afro-Caribbeans. The paper examines how Afro-Caribbeans adjust to life in Canada's largest city. In particular, the paper looks at the economic and social situation to be found in the Oakwood/Eglinton areas. In so doing, the paper addresses the integrationist efforts which have been undertaken to alleviate some of the struggles such men and women (and children) face.

From the Paper
"The issue of racism is one that many Canadians are reluctant to talk about - but it is an issue that will not be going away anytime soon. With this grim truth in mind, the next several pages will look at the situation facing Afro-Caribbeans as they adjust to life in Canada's largest city. In particular, the paper looks at the economic and social situation to be found in the Oakwood/Eglinton areas. In so doing, the paper will also look at the integrationist efforts which have been undertaken to alleviate some of the struggles such men and women (and children) face; time will also be..."

Tags:caribbeans, oakwood, eglinton

Abstract
Proponents of Toronto's Olympic bid argue that it will be an economic windfall for the city directly and indirectly. Its opponents argue that it will be economically costly and that it represents misguided public policy and expenditure. The experience of another Olympic venue (Barcelona, 1992) is outlined and then the debate about potential costs and benefits for Toronto is examined.

Tags:CANADIAN STUDIES AND ISSUES / SPORTS, toronto olympic bid

Abstract
The following paper will look at changes in form and function within the city of Toronto; specifically, the paper will explore the changing transportation infrastructure as Toronto strives to become a global city and as it accommodates itself to being a major hub within a global village. In discussing the changes to Toronto, the paper will identify and utilize concepts introduced by Marshall McLuhan and the notion of "cyberspace" advanced by William Gibson.

From the Paper
Marshall McLuhan, Gibson's "Cyberspaces," and changes in city form and function in the city of Toronto courtesy the evolution of global communications and world city systems The following paper will look at changes in form and function within the city of Toronto; specifically, the paper will explore the changing transportation infrastructure as Toronto strives to become a global city and as it accommodates itself to being a major hub within a global village. In discussing the changes to Toronto, the paper will identify and utilize concepts introduced by Marshall McLuhan and the notion of "cyberspace" advanced by William Gibson. The first part of the essay will

Tags:global, communications, systems

Abstract
Childhood obesity needs to be reduced in terms of its impact on the individual and as a consistent health problem within certain populations. The city of Toronto has recently witnessed an overall increase in childhood obesity among its residents. Obesity is recognized as a lifelong problem among affected persons and it is more difficult to overcome obesity than many other preventable health care risks. This paper examines how public planning in obesity education and diet and exercise services has been determined to have a positive impact on outcome in some communities.

From the Paper
"Obesity is a significant health crisis within developed countries; abundance of high-calorie foods and a lifestyle that is low in exercise have created conditions through which it is easy to acquire physical mass and difficult to lose excess weight. There are serious secondary health risks that have been correlated to obesity and the preponderance of weight on individuals. Children seem to be strongly impacted in terms of acquisition of these secondary health risks, as Type II diabetes and cardiovascular problems are increasingly detected among children and adolescents."

Tags:obesity, planning, program

Abstract
This essay discusses social geography - that is, the way in which geography intersects with social, economic, and demographic issues. Namely, the essay addresses the issue of "race and space". The writer looks at how race is distributed across a given urban landscape, and the implications. In light of this, two Canadian cities - Toronto and Vancouver - are examined in this article.

From the Paper
"Social geography, as the name implies, refers to the intersecting of geography with social issues such as economic, ethnic, racial and religious distribution of people within a given space. Though there are issues related to social geography in literally every geographic area, they are, on a small scale, particularly easy to identify and interpret in certain North American centers; these cities tend to have very high levels of immigration, much of which involves the entry of people who are racial or ethnic minorities."

Tags:social, geography, race