Abstract This paper discusses urban economicdevelopment in the Greater Moncton region. The paper discusses two businesses who are vying for a location to set up a manufacturing plant in the area. The paper discusses the fact that Molson has been selected as the third best city in Canada for new business development and expansion.
From the Paper "A lot has changed over the past decade and new business opportunities in Moncton are better than ever. In the boom, bust, and echo cycle of the economy, Moncton is experiencing the boom. Moncton's rapid growth rate over the past ten years has transformed the city into a booming mecca for new opportunities in business development. The Canadian Business Magazine ranked Moncton as the third best city in Canada for new business development and expansion."
Abstract This essay examines how economicdevelopment had a tremendous impact on the middle ages and early modern period in our history. It explains that the early modern period brought organized government and the Industrial and Commercial Revolutions, which helped establish different nation states as European powerhouses. The paper also looks at the fall of the Roman and Carolingian Empires to the crusades to the Black Death, and points out that there were many tragic and fortunate events that led to improvements in technology and the creation of capitalist economies. The paper then discusses the economic theory of mercantilism and the decline of Christian theology. In conclusion, the paper shows that economicdevelopment had a tremendous impact on the Medieval and early modern period due to vast improvements in centralized governments and trade routes which created an influx of money and wealth for European nations.
Outline:
Roman Empire
Middle Ages
Early Modern Period
From the Paper "Diocletian and Constantine were responsible for the political reformation of Rome in the fourth century (Spielvogel, 2008, p.116). Diocletian realized that the empire had grown far too large for just one single ruler so he divided the land up into four separate administrative regions (eventually western and eastern parts). Each had its own leader although he still retained absolute power over Rome. Civil and military reforms were now considered separate services from one another and each had its own hierarchy of administrators yet still worked under the overall Roman budget. This separation of powers is commonly used today in capitalist countries. However, this change used up large sums of the budget yet the roman population was not growing and there was no one else left to tax. This presented a problem and they soon realized their empire was suffering from inflation. Diocletian attempted to install new taxation prices but despite severe punishments, was unable to enforce the policies and they did not work. Constantine continued to drain the public funds when he decided to build a "New Rome" near Byzantium, named Constantinople."
Abstract The paper argues that culture influences economicdevelopment and that certain cultures are more likely to be associated with development than others. The paper explains the role of competition and discusses globalization.
From the Paper "Cultural and Economic Development Within the Modern World System. The territorial framework of political states has created and maintained a competitive economic system within which each state tries to insulate itself as much as possible from the rigors of the world market, while attempting simultaneously to turn the market to its own advantage."
Abstract This paper explains why economicdevelopment was such a crucial question in Eastern Europe during the period 1918-1939. The three countries discussed are Hungary, Poland, and Romania.
Tags: EUROPEAN STUDIES (HISTORY, CULTURE) / EASTERN EUROPE, RUSSIA, development eastern europe
Abstract This paper defines FDI inflow as the investment one particular country or nation receives from another, while outflow is the amount of resources leaving the investing country into the source country. This well-researched paper focuses on the history of Japan's economy and the recent significant increase of FDI inflow into the country. The writer of this paper compares Japan's FDI flows to those of other countries. The ratio of inward FDI compared to nominal GDP in 2000 was only 1.1% in Japan, which compares to 27.9% in the U.S., 32.4% in the UK and 22.4% in Germany. The writer contends and explains why Japan's FDI flows are crucial for economicdevelopment and growth in other nations as well as on its own shores. This paper delves into the various programs instituted by the Japan Investment Council, which is geared towards making the public aware of the role of Japan's FDI and its overall importance to the economy.
Table of Contents:
Executive Summary (Abstract)
Background
History
Statement of Problem
Research
References Cited
From the Paper "As of September 2004, foreign-affiliated firms employed some 1.02 million workers in Japan, JETRO research finds. This figure represents only 2.4 percent of Japan's total permanent workforce and lags well behind that of other developed countries such as the U.S. at 5.5 percent and Germany at 5.4 percent. In Japan's finance/insurance sector, however, the share of foreign-affiliated company employment accounted for 8.2 percent of the sector's total permanent workforce. Subsidiaries of foreign companies employ the most, at 598,657 workers, followed by sub-subsidiaries at 373,566, and Japanese branches of foreign-owned companies, at 51,218. By industry category, affiliates in the manufacturing industry employ the most, at 37.4 percent, followed closely by the wholesale, retail and restaurant sector, which accounts for 34.1 percent of the total figure for Japan."
This paper discusses the Flying Geese economicdevelopment theory-- the way production techniques are introduced to the less developed countries by the highly developed countrie. It also describes the development of the East Asian's economies.
Abstract This paper relates that, as this Flying Geese pattern of development progresses, countries in the Asian region become more and more integrated and interdependent. The author states that the Flying Geese model describes how industry passes through five stages: Introduction, import substitution, export, mature and reverse-import stages. The paper concludes that the significance of Flying Geese model in East Asia's economicdevelopment is declining in recent time as high technology is introduced and globalization takes place. Tables.
Table of Contents
Introduction
The Meaning of Flying Geese Model
Evidences of Flying Geese Pattern Development in East Asia.
Significance of Flying Geese Hypothesis in East Asia EconomicDevelopment.
High Inflows of FDI and Export Expansion
International EconomicDevelopment.
Inter-Industry and Intra-Industry Trade Pattern.
Regional Integration
Declining Significance of Flying Geese Model in Recent Time
Conclusion
From the Paper "When reaching export stage, the growth of domestic demand will decline. Exports of the product have begun to increase and imports decline. The strong exports enable the country to import capital goods for continued expansion of production. Inward FDI becomes significant as the same industry in the advanced countries has lost its comparative advantage and has to relocate to developing countries. As the industry gets into its mature stage, production slows down due to increasing costs and intensified competition from late-starting countries."
Abstract This paper examines how economicdevelopment of any country promotes the trade and business and how free trade and liberalization in trade policies, on behalf of the governments, help the businesses to flourish and effectively compete in the world market. The writer covers the issues related to the economicdevelopment of the developing nations and discusses the aspects that have caused hindrance in the economicdevelopment of these countries. Finally the paper cites the example of a developing country (India) and discusses how liberalization in trade has helped it in making remarkable achievements with respect to economic growth and to bring improvements in its industry and trade.
From the Paper "In an era of increased globalization and advancements in technology, it has become increasingly important for all of the nations of the world to keep bringing improvements in their economic infrastructure and to expand their businesses on the global scale. It has been observed that without a reasonable level of economic development any country cannot gain a competitive position in the world market. This is the dilemma faced by most of the developed nations of the world."
Abstract The paper examines how political, economic, social and cultural conditions prevailing in a country influence the economicdevelopment and the level of corruption. The paper discusses the direct relationship between economicdevelopment, corruption and political transition in Mexico, Taiwan, Russia and the People's Republic of China. The paper concludes that there are no easy solutions available for developing countries making the transition from authoritarianism to free-market democracy and struggling to establish viable, stable economies.
From the Paper "Economic development is often correlated to the degree of corruption, especially in countries struggling to transition from authoritarian rule to free-market democracy. For example, in Mexico and Taiwan, it is evident that correlations exist between economic development and corruption, for the sectors of their economies which are performing the best are the ones most riddled with corrupt relationships between government officials and businessmen in the form of paying bribes or providing kickbacks."
Abstract This paper examines the Canadian maritime region that has traditionally lagged that of other regions and provinces within Canada, and the reasons for this relative backwardness. The paper explains that on the one hand the regions have relatively easy access to coastal and internal waterways while, on the other hand, the area's inaccessibility and harsh climate makes it somewhat problematic to develop. The paper points out that it is the clear absence of a cohesive economicdevelopment plan for the region that is likely the real culprit in the maritime's inability to achieve economic parity with the rest of Canada during the important phase of Canada's overall economic expansion. The paper further explains that the lack of such a strategy allowed the transportation routes to become underutilized or misappropriated and the industrial diversity in the region to become unsustainable through a lack of diversity. In conclusion, the paper shows that without major population centers and the industrial base that typically accompanies them, the maritimes have been historically challenged as an economic unit, and until this industrial and economic diversity is solved the region will continue to be dependent on the central government and will continue to lack the population base to support an expanding economy.
From the Paper "Canada's various regions and provinces have all developed in a variety of fashions and according to different economic imperatives which has led to the divergent opinions regarding its industrial development. Because most of the other provincial areas are more easily traversed that the Maritime area, they have been more easily exploited, in an economic sense, that the Maritime region. This economic exploitation of some of the other regions within Canada has been described in the following manner."
Abstract This paper will discuss the way that American and Canadian economic styles play into the development of their countries, and the countries they are associated with. In Canada there is much to say about the situation that NAFTA brings to this country, and this type of trading style, which has been helping the economy of this country. In American economicdevelopment, and since it is the leading world power, there are many countries that play into an imperial sort of economic style in this manner.
Abstract This paper provides an overview of the Republic of Honduras, an assessment of the contemporary constraints to its economicdevelopment and an analysis of current economic indicators. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion.
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Contemporary Constraints to EconomicDevelopment Economic Indicators in Honduras Today
Conclusion
From the Paper "During its colonial period, Honduras was a province of the Captaincy General of Guatemala, which itself was under the administration of Mexican authorities. Civil wars during the 1820s and 1830s aggravated the collapse, but these problems did not disappear when the country achieved its independence. In fact, "the new nation was born in debt" (Euraque 4). For example, in 1821, the Honduran treasury acknowledged outstanding debts totaling over four million pesos, an amount that subsequently increased to about five million after independence from Mexico. According to Euraque, more loans were quickly assumed by Honduras and in 1825, Central American federal governments contracted for additional loans in British financial markets. "By 1826 the first loan succumbed to a British stock market collapse, and the Central American government was saddled with debts largely for expenses, commissions, government salaries, and cash advances" (Euraque 4). The collapsing regional economies and civil wars did not help in obtaining resources to could pay off the debts that had accumulated during the 1860s, almost three decades after Honduras had separated from the Central American Federation (Euraque 1996)."
Questions whether cultural values that are conducive to business are a cause or an outcome of economicdevelopment and whether their role has been exaggerated.
Abstract This essay assesses two theoretical approaches (culturalist and culture-free perspective) on culture's impact on economicdevelopment and gives a sound response on whether the cultural issue has been exaggerated. Furthermore, this essay compares the economicdevelopment of growing Japan and declining Britain, in order to demonstrate the application of both views on real cases. The paper includes a table.
Paper Outline:
Introduction
Culture's Impact on EconomicDevelopment Conclusion
Reference List
From the Paper "Lewis, Fitzgerald and Harvey (1996) particularly outline Neo-Confucianism's focus on savings and education to be the underlying cause of economic development. High rates of physical capital formation can be attributed to the Confucian values. "Savings are important to economic growth because they make investment possible, and investment is crucial to the upgrading of an economy over time" (Lewis, et al, 1996:65). Japanese competitive advantage of skilled labour is also the result of Confucianism's importance on education. "Most impressive perhaps is the fact that the expansion of enrolment in secondary schools and higher education in these countries over this time was higher than that of any other group of countries" (Lewis, et al, 1996:66)."
Abstract This paper discusses an empirical economic impact model based on market research at the community and municipality level. The writer discusses the belief that communities and municipalities require effective economic impact models in order to adequately build and estimate budgets as well as to plan for future development needs. The writer proposes a community based cooperative action program that emphasizes a three component economic analysis model.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Impact Model Applicability
Economic Impact Analysis
Economic Impact Component
Community Impact Component
Fiscal Impact Component
Three Phase Process
Conclusion
From the Paper "The contemporary economic climate ensures that communities require ready and immediate access to information that allows them to respond more effectively to economic volatility. Community leaders as well as citizens within the community constantly are required to make decisions that impact various aspects of the community, such as business growth, dimensions of traditional industry activities, land use issues, and a host of other common community concerns (Gibbs 18). The growing observation is that all these issues and more also impact the overall economic indicators within communities as well which consist of employment/unemployment concerns, income issues such as poverty or affordable housing, or the demand for expanded public services. In researching these issues it becomes vital to identify the particular issue or problem which allows both the researcher and the community leader the ability to better address such issues specifically (Green, et al 6). Thus, developing effective economic models relies on cooperation between both researcher and, in effect, the researched."
This paper explores how economicdevelopments in America, from colonization through the 1850s, contributed to growing divisions between the North and South.
Abstract The paper examines the economicdevelopment of colonial America in the South and the North and considers the levels at which that development had an effect. The paper explains the factors that played a role in the different evolution of the colonies, that include the institution of slavery, the political scene, the level of education and the economic needs. The paper concludes that the economicdevelopment of the North and South greatly influenced the relationship between the sides and eventually led to the Civil War.
From the Paper "The period of the colonial America is widely considered to be one of the most important periods in the history of the US. It represented a time when the states identified their main political, economic, social, and cultural characteristics, which would later on influence the equilibrium that had to be established in the Union. However, due to historical experiences, natural resources, and more importantly, to the immigration flux that touched America as early as the 17th century, a certain differentiation between the North and the South states became increasingly visible. In the end, it was an important factor that triggered the start of the Civil War."
The following paper examines why economists predict that although the crisis in East and Southeast Asia has slowed the rate of development, it is not likely to change the ultimate direction of market evolution.
Abstract This paper discusses the current state of Asian economicdevelopment; the principles upon which Asian economic recovery depends, and then compares and contrasts several countries, notably China and Japan, in view of their attitudes, development and potential for economic dominance in the region.
From the Paper "In 1997, Thailand floated the baht, marking the beginning of a currency crisis that would eventually spread to other parts of Asia and to emerging markets such as Brazil and Russia. In Asia, the outflow of investment was massive. The five hardest hit economies -- South Korea, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and the Philippines -- saw net capital flows reverse by more than $100 billion in a year. All over Asia, companies went bankrupt, banks loans soured and the number of property repossessions skyrocketed and millions of people lost their jobs. The situation, named the "Asian flu" quickly became the focal point of numerous conferences, editorials and a small library of books as economists and academics debated the causes and the cures."
