Abstract This paper provides an overview of what the EU is and why it attracts several countries. It then looks at the economies of different EasternEuropean countries and examines what changes they need to make to be accepted into the EU.
1 .Introduction
2. A Brief History 2.1. Introducing the CEEC
2.1.1.The Agricultural Issue
3. An EU Perspective
4. Funding Issues
5. Case Studies
5.1 Czech Republic
5.2 Hungary
5.3 Poland
5.4 Slovenia
6 The Argument Over Integration
7. Conclusion
8 Bibliography
From the Paper "The European Union faces many arduous tasks in upcoming years. The most troublesome possibly being that of enlarging the size and the scope of its members. Currently, it is in the discussion of the European Union to extend enlargement to central and Eastern Europe. Over the course of the next decade, the European Union will be propositioning some new candidates to join their ranks. The first group includes the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Poland, and Slovenia; countries likely to join later are Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, and the Slovak Republic. The first countries are not expected to join until 2003-2005."
This paper examines the influx of EasternEuropean immigrants to the United States especially after the Second World War. It discusses three major immigrant groups - Poles, Czechs and Russians and also discusses Americans' attitudes towards these groups.
1,432 words (approx. 5.7 pages), 3 sources, 2001, $ 47.95
Abstract This paper examines the influx of EasternEuropean immigrants to the United States especially after the Second World War. It discusses three major immigrant groups - Poles, Czechs and Russians and also discusses Americans' attitudes towards these groups.
From the paper:
"Established Americans often look down on new immigrants. The cultural habits of immigrants are frequently targets of criticism, especially when the new arrivals come from a different country than those in the established community. This is true despite the fact that so much of what we have accomplished as a nation has been due to the contributions of recent immigrants who have been willing to work as hard as they can to make a better life for themselves and their families ? and alon the way for the rest of the country as well."
Abstract The post-Glasnost transition from Communism to Capitalism in Eastern Europe has presented various challenges and achievements which vary in their importance, from country to country. This paper concentrates most upon the realities of Institutional change as it is imperative to both economic life and democracy.
Introduction
Cultural and Attitudinal Factors
Military Affairs, Law and Order
Technological Factors
Promoting Capitalist Activities
Fiscal Matters
Labour
Social Welfare
Concluding Notes
References
Abstract This paper relates that Ivan T. Berend, in his book "History Derailed: Central and Eastern Europe during the Long Nineteenth Century", discusses the perceptible insecurity of Eastern and Central Europe as it witnessed the dramatic rise of Western Europe to global prominence. The paper then examines Berend's failure, in the book, to draw the explicit linkages that might make the unfolding of Central and EasternEuropeanhistory more comprehensible to first-time students. Additionally, the paper points out the strong and lucid organization of Berend's work but concludes that, while a generally engaging and well-written text, Berend's work is certainly not without its apparent flaws. .
From the Paper "To begin with, Berend does a capable job of outlining the instigating factors which made it incumbent upon Eastern Europe to "modernize". Not least of all, Eastern and Central Europe was compelled to re-assess its own progress and economic system in light of the startling ascendancy of the west. Most crucial of all, Berend touches upon the fact that Eastern European and Central European nations felt themselves not only backward relative to the west, but also vulnerable to any expansionist ambitions their western colleagues might contemplate. In a related vein, the elite of the aforementioned nations was troubled by the fact that it was being consigned (indeed, already was consigned) to the continental periphery (Berend, 1; for a further discussion of Western European ascendancy, please see also pages 5-8). The inclusion of such sentiments in the book may seem a small matter, but what Berend has done is remind readers of how so much of what passed for Central and European politics in the "long nineteenth century" was motivated feelings of fear and pangs of insecurity."
Compares the presidential and parliamentary systems of democracy and examines some EasternEuropean countries that are switching from a presidential system to a parliamentary one.
1,150 words (approx. 4.6 pages), 3 sources, 2002, $ 44.95
Abstract This paper looks at the system of presidential and parliamentary democratic governing and uses the models of the United Kingdom and the United States to illustrate the differences. The paper also looks at the EasternEuropean Countries who are now in the process of changing their democratic leadership from presidential to parliamentary governing.
Abstract The paper is basically a timeline of gender roles in Europeanhistory. It shows how women progressed through examples of radicals or people that wrote pieces against women. Included in the paper are Mary Wollstonecraft, Dona Marina, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Pocahontas, and Maria de Pizan.
From the Paper "In all facets of life, males and females have different roles. However, as recently as several hundred years ago, the roles didn?t remotely resemble equality. During the era of exploration and expansion, females were deemed mentally inferior. They were viewed as the caretakers of the household. Even the Declaration of Independence proclaimed, ?All men are created equal,? with nary a mention of a woman's rights. Simply put, gender roles were tragically skewed. But as time passed on, women fought for their sex, and gained a higher role in society. Through the work of revolutionaries like Wollstonecraft and de Pizan, they slowly gained more rights. And as evident by descriptions of Do?a Marina and Pocahontas, they were on the right path to equality."
Abstract The paper addresses how the European interests in Asia and Africa were both similar and different and discusses the major points of contact by the Chinese and Japanese. The paper looks at the impact of slavery on Africa, the Americas and global trade. This work also discusses how Louis XIV's rule set in motion the issues that caused the French Revolution. The paper explores what business and economic issues cause people in capitalist systems to be dissatisfied with the old regimes and also examines how Napoleon's rule of his empire impacted Europe in both positive and negative ways.
From the Paper "It was only possible for this transfer after international trade had ensued. In fact the only time that Europe had an actual interest in common relating to Asia and Africa was during this time and was related to the transfer of the wealth of those two countries to Europe. Walter (1973) reveals that: "Europeans used the superiority of their ships and cannon to gain control of all the world's waterways, starting with the western Mediterranean and the Atlantic coast of North Africa." And it was through controlling the waterways, or the seas that "Europe took the first steps towards transforming the several parts of Africa and Asia into economic satellites." (Walter, 1973) Walter (1973) relates as well that from the very first of the international trading system "Europe assumes the power to make decisions..." (Walter, 1973) In fact the country of Africa had no part in the making of these laws and according to Walter (1973) "African people were simply the victims, for the law recognized them only as transportable merchandise. If the African slave was thrown overboard at sea, the only legal problem that arose was whether or not the slave-ship could claim compensation from the insurers!" (Walter, 1973)"
Abstract The writer of this paper defines the term Orientalism, which comes from the Latin word oriens, as the rising sun, which generally implies, 'the East.' This paper focuses on the culture, religion, art and history of Orientalism. This paper explores the European view of Islam throughout history. The writer explains that during the birth of Christianity and Islam there was a distinct difference between European Christian cultures and those of East and North Africa, which are detailed at length in this paper. During the Middle Ages the European Christians denounced the Islamic people as the enemies of Christendom, due to their lack of knowledge of Eastern culture. This paper discusses how the Enlightenment thinkers of the 18th century viewed the Eastern culture as being superior to that of the Christian west. This paper illustrates that Islamic societies were praised for their religious tolerance when compared with Christian west. This paper also delves into those who opposed the Orientalist culture, such as James Mill, who believed that Eastern civilizations were stagnant and corrupt and Karl Marx who believed that Eastern methods of production were static. Christian evangelists further maligned Eastern traditions as superstitious nonsense. This paper also examines the rich artistic history of the Oriental culture. Depictions of Islamic Moors were found in Medieval and Renaissance art, but it wasn't until the 19th century that Orientalism became recognized in the arts. This paper also details the outspoken views and opinions of political activist and author Edward Said.
Table of Contents:
Definition of Orientalism
History of Orientalism
Orientalism in the Arts
History of Orientalism in the Arts
Edward Said and Orientalism
References
From the Paper "Photography was still in its infancy and did not allow for the capture of the sunlight, the colors and the mood in which a painter could. With the iconoclastic nature of Islam, and the forbidding of the depiction of the prophet Muhammad, there was little representational art in Islam. Most of their artwork was centered on pattern and design. For this reason, the Muslim world had very little visual record of their history, including the people and the cities that existed prior to modern photography. Today, still, the best visual record of exotic cities like Cairo or Damascus, prior to the advent of modern photography, exists in 19th century paintings by Europeans and Americans. In the mid to late 19th century, painters from every country in Europe and from across the oceans in America, came to the East."
Abstract While Anzia Yezierska's "Bread Givers" is a work of fiction, the story of the Smolinsky family is quite typical of the reality faced by many Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe. Yezierska writes, not only of economic and monetary struggles tackled by countless immigrants, but of a familial dynamic emblematic of EasternEuropean Jewish culture. This paper explains how, through her account of Sara Smolinsky and family, Yezierska tells a history that recounts past struggles in the Jewish shtetl of Russian Poland, continuing all the way through the Americanization of the second-generation Jewish immigrant. It shows that this powerful tale of Sara Smolinsky helps create a context to further study the rich history of the EasternEuropean Jews in America.
From the Paper "The story of Sara Smolinsky begins well before the first chapter of Bread Givers. One cannot fully understand the direction Sara's life takes in America without first understanding the heritage and culture from which she came. While Bread Givers is centered around Sara and her family's experiences in America, the life of Sara's parents before immigrating to the United States is an integral part of Sara's story."
Abstract When the EasternEuropean countries led by Poland decided to join the European Union (EU), the assumption was that they wanted to share the blessings of the free market being enjoyed by existing EU members. This paper discusses how economically, the EasternEuropean countries are a low-income region and how they are fighting issues such as unemployment and a low standard of living. It also examines how other EU members can show them how to potentially stimulate the growth of their own economies.
From the Paper "Eastern Europe is a low-income region of about 100 million people whose combined income will raise the GDP of EU by a mere 5 per cent. This is very much less than the result of previous EU expansions to the North and South. It is not only their low income levels that may bring deleterious effects to EU but also the fact that these countries are in the middle of a transition phase from a centrally planned to a market economy. In addition, the new members will have to cope with more EU regulations than before because of the recent creation of the Single European Market concept. "
Abstract This paper explains why economic development was such a crucial question in Eastern Europe during the period 1918-1939. The three countries discussed are Hungary, Poland, and Romania.
Tags:EUROPEAN STUDIES (HISTORY, CULTURE) / EASTERN EUROPE, RUSSIA, development eastern europe
Abstract This fifteen-page graduate paper discusses the international management challenges facing businesses in Central and Eastern Europe. First, the technology challenge must be met for businesses to stay ahead in global competition. Second, the euro challenge requires quite a few changes within the international management of a business. Third, the recent upheaval in the structure of the Central and EasternEuropean countries has developed the need to tackle this transformation. 15 pgs. Bibliography lists 12 sources.
Abstract This paper examines the effect of the Treaty of Versailles of 1919 on Europeanhistory during the interwar period. It looks at how the territorial, financial and security framework and arrangements created by and under the treaty ultimately (by the late 1930s) failed to keep the peace in Europe. It evaluates how the terms of the treaty and the manner it was imposed on Germany contributed to the continuing instability of Central and Eastern Europe and to revanchist sentiment in Germany.
Outline
Basic Facts
Treaty Terms: Motivations and Consequences
Impact of the Treaty's Economic Provisions
Overall Assessment of the Treaty's Impact
Conclusion
From the Paper "The reparations clause of the Treaty helped to undermine the political and economic stability of Germany and other nations in Central and Eastern Europe. The original amount of reparations demanded by the Allies ($200 billion by France) and ($120 billion by Britain) far exceeded postwar Germany's capacity to pay (Bailey 245). The combined burden of the initial reparations payments exacted from Germany in the early 1920s ($5 billion in gold), the dislocation to the German economy caused by the revolutionary situation at home and the adverse effects of the French occupation of the Ruhr led to a devastating devaluation of the German mark and hyperinflation."
Abstract This paper analyzes the role of ethics in the international business of Eastern Europe (EE) by analyzing the transition from communism to capitalism, the effects of the EE business ethics culture on foreign investment, and how international reforms affected individuals and the management of international business in EE. The paper also examines a study of the insurance industry in Central and EasternEuropean (CEE) countries on how to best install ethical values in a transitional society and determine whether the issues would diminish once privatization and regulation matured. In the years since the fall of communism, corruption and ethics have been a problem and EE countries continue to lag behind the rest of the world, the author acknowledges.
Table of Contents:
Communism to Capitalism
Insurance as a Representative Industry
Corruption in Eastern Europe
International Ethics Reforms
United Nations' View on Ethics
Conclusion
From the Paper "The main conclusion made by Cooper and Dorfman came in comparing the results of their survey to the origins of unethical business in CEE. Bohata concluded that there are three main sources of unethical behavior; those attributed to the communist heritage, those associated with new transitional opportunities, and lastly those that are related to the market system itself. Bohata claims that it is critical for a manager to understand the foundations of such behavior and correct it based upon which of the three categories it falls under."
Tags: perception mistrust, universal code, cultural barriers, internet
Abstract This paper explains that not only are there sex trades workers from Eastern Europe who migrate to Canada by their own will but also other sex trade workers are forced by traffickers to migrate. The author points out that women from Eastern Europe choose Canada as a good country for immigration because the mass media inform them about Canada as a land of opportunities. The paper stresses that the reality is very different.
From the Paper 'Many women intentionally come to Canada each year from Eastern Europe to work in the sex trade, especially in Toronto. Other women from the same area are trafficked by criminals. I am interested in both groups, especially the women who come of their own free will. My question concerns their reasons for immigrating and their satisfaction later. I do know that the women who enter the sex trade are poor and have little or no opportunities. Sex trafficking operates two ways, both into and out of Eastern Europe. Sexual trafficking is a trap ... .'
