Abstract This paper discusses international relations and the legal regulation of armed conflict, specifically with regard to the EastTimor conflict in which Indonesia refused initially to withdraw from the country. As this paper reports, the country held a referendum that was facilitated by the United Nations on whether or not the East Timorese people wanted independence or to integrate with Indonesia (West Timor).
From the Paper "The concept of legal regulation of war and armed conflict has been around for centuries. Today, the United Nations (UN) holds the responsibility of maintaining and enforcing legitimate international relations and laws of war according to the guidelines in the Charter of the United Nations. The UN is accountable for establishing the conditions of justice and monitoring peacekeeping efforts. Brokering peace is an important job and should not be taken lightly. The United Nations has undertaken broad range of governmental functions in order to ensure peace is maintained once the UN peacekeepers have departed ("East Timor" p. 2). "
Abstract The following paper discusses the EastTimor conflict where many towns in EastTimor were burnt to the ground and EastTimor residents showed signs of malnutrition. The writer looks at what America could and should be doing to help solve this conflict. It also looks at past U.S. strategies to help resolve conflict in Kosovo.
From the Paper "The sun rose on America. The quaint towns and big cities of the United States reminded one Kosovar refugee of his hometown in their own little way. He relished his hometown as he was growing up, but it had been torn apart in the Kosovo tragedy. He stayed in America, and the reason was that he had nothing to go home to. He went to his apartment in New York and watched the news."
Abstract This paper examines how democratic governments in South-East Asia use violence as a tool for legitimacy. It explores the unique characteristics of some of the South-East Asian democracies with a comparative focus on the cases of Thailand and EastTimor. The first part of the paper looks at how the Thai and Indonesian governments use violence and their links with the military to validate and strengthen their political legitimacy. The second part explores how these governments further use violence to quell dissent and maintain their legitimacy on an international stage, to important financial institutions like the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, as well as to other countries. In the conclusion, the paper looks at the characteristics of Thai and Indonesian political institutions, which make violence an important component of maintaining political legitimacy. It posits that the rapid economic growth sweeping the region presents opportunities for more equitable distribution of resources and a greater recognition of individual civil rights.
From the Paper "This formulation presupposes that the absence of protest is the same as rational compliance. In South-East Asia, however, the seeming rational compliance often masks an undercurrent of coercion that makes dissent impossible and dangerous. This coercion is illustrated clearly East Timor's bloody struggle for independence. During two decades of Indonesian rule, the Indonesian government used military force to commit atrocities on par with the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia. The Indonesian military government took over East Timor's coffee exports and other businesses. Corruption was rampant as Indonesian economic migrants swarmed into the area for the jobs. In contrast to the Indonesians who profited from the area's business, many East Timorese experienced extreme hardship (Kingsbury 397)."
Tags: civil, rights, indonesia, thailand, east, timor
Abstract This paper discusses the fate of the East Timorese and their continued struggle for independence. The paper argues that, if there were security concerns on the part of the Indonesians, it was merely an orchestrated propaganda campaign and that whatever motives were in place among the western countries involved were base and not the high ideals which are touted as being fundamental to the political systems and ideals of those countries. Furthermore, the paper argues that there is a distinct possibility that there are darker, more sinister concerns and that Indonesian intentions had been either largely ignored or kowtowed to.
Tags: affairs, australia, diplomacy, foreign, fretelin, indonesia, papua, suharto, west
Abstract Robert Moses was a leader in the early years of East Harlem in New York City. East Harlem was the home of the New Negro. One of the early songs was called "All Coons Look Alike to me". The people in East Harlem have changed due to the new welfare laws and people who are dedicated to changing the area.
Abstract This paper begins by briefly outlining the astronomical pace of economic growth in the East Asian NICs. It then explores the course of development's relationship to development theory. It asserts that the neo-liberal link between economic development and democracy and greater equality is dismissed by the experience of the NICs. However, the dependency/world system approach, currently expressed in globalization, is affirmed by the recent history of the East Asian NICs and the present situation.
Abstract This paper examines Middle East terrorism. It looks at how ever since the emergence of Middle East terrorism in the nineteen-seventies, it has become increasingly evident that terrorism thrives on media coverage, and tends to fade in influence and significance when media attention is diverted elsewhere. It discusses how subsequently, radical Islamic terrorist tactics and strategy are very media-oriented, for the mass media is seen by terrorists as a long-range weapon that can strike fear into their enemies, regardless of where they live.
Abstract This paper, written from a religious Islamic perspective, explores how diversity represents a major roadblock to achieving peace and harmony in the Middle East. The writer first describes the Muslim outlook on cultural diversity, as opposed to Christianity. The paper then highlights the different religious outlooks and sects within Islam. Several obstacles to establishing democracy in the Middle East are illustrated, with an emphasis on the suppression of minorities in the region. The author concludes citing Islamic concerns about democratization in Israel.
From the Paper "The Sunni is the largest group of the Islamic faith, with nearly 90% of all Muslims subscribing to this practice (Ibrahim, p. 323-369). The Kharawaj is another major political force in the Islamic world. When the prophet Muhammad died he had no sons to inherit leadership. The primary point of contention between these two groups is how to decide the leadership succession. The Kharawaj reject the Sunni idea that bloodlines are the most important factor, but feel that the right to rule is divinely granted."
Abstract This paper discusses the water resources in the Middle East. The essay is based on two articles but will also discuss some of the main researches that have been conducted in this area. Finally it will compare the two articles and give a brief analysis.
Abstract This essay will assume the position that the pre-modern societies of East Asia were isolated and stagnant. It is recognized that this argument is controversial, and dependent upon certain geographical and social assumptions. "isolation" and "stagnation" are relative concepts. It will be seen that two of the main economies of the region - that of China and Japan - possessed flourishing domestic economies and some degree of trade with other economies in the region. However, given the inescapable fact that European colonial powers in this era came to dominate Asia, first economically and then politically, a balanced view of the pre-modern economic history of the region must explain why this came to pass. Key to this explanation is a recognition that, in comparison to the nations of the West, the pre-modern economies of China and Japan were stagnant and isolated.
Tags: ARCHAEOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY (ANCIENT HISTORY) / PRIMITIVE CULTURE (PALEOLITHIC), ANCIENT EMPIRES, economies east asia
Abstract A paper concerning the topic of the conflict in the Middle East and U.S. interests. The paper claims that the United States is interested because of national security, oil and Israel.
Abstract This paper explains that the Barcelona Declaration, and the Barcelona Process that came out of it, marks a new phase in Europe's foreign policy. It explores how this is a stage in which the European Union is announcing that it cannot afford the continuing conflict in the Middle East and that peace is the only option. This peace is an important factor in the EU's foreign and security policy. It concludes that, even though the EU is not challenging the role of the United States, it is working for peace, not just following in the U.S.'s footsteps.
From the Paper "The reason why the European Union is placing a high level of importance on the Middle East Peace process is that it is related to its own security. This is admitted in the Common Foreign and Security Policy, and explained in the EU's 1999 statement on peace in the Middle East. As the CFSP openly seems to declare, the security interests of the EU cannot be divorced from the Middle East situation, not just because of the close geographic relation between them but because this area provides the EU with the majority of its energy needs and counts as a major trade partner, not to mention a leading source of investment in Europe (16). Therefore, the close geographic and economic relations between the two regions have placed the EU in a position in which it needs to give a status of priority to the Middle East Peace process. It is as such that the EU's resolution on peace in the Middle East firmly calls for the establishment of a Palestinian state, the removal of illegal Israeli settlements and the return of all occupied Arab territories (""EU European Parliament: Resolution ..."). The fact that the EU stresses these points is because it understands that the realizing of these goals is the only way to stabilize the region, thereby creating a peaceful and stable neighborhood for the EU."
Abstract This paper explains that, in the Middle East, there is a societal belief in the superiority of men. The author explores the ways in which laws and customs based on religious beliefs and social and governmental policies violate women's human rights in Middle Eastern countries. The paper outlines the steps women have taken to attempt to protect these rights.
From the Paper "On December ..., the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted and proclaimed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The Declaration sets forth thirty Articles that listed certain inalienable rights of all human beings."
Abstract This paper describes the the East African Community (EAC), an intergovernmental organization (IGO). The author describes that the EAC is already in existence. The paper suggests what can be done to extend the body and its coverage.
From the Paper "East Africa usually refers to Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania but also includes the Sudan, Burundi and Rwanda, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia ,Somalia and even Mozambique, Malawi and Madagascar East. The Sudan and Somalia are sometimes considered North Africa or Northeast Africa."
Abstract This paper examines the record of the state sponsored Olympic program of East Germany. The author describes the administration of the program by the Secret Police.
From the Paper "The purpose of this research is to examine the record of the state-sponsored Olympics program of East Germany also called the German Democratic Republic DDR in German from ... through the fall of the Berlin Wall in ... . The plan of the research will be to set forth ..."
