Abstract
This paper examines how democratic governments in South-East Asia use violence as a tool for legitimacy. It explores the unique characteristics of some of the South-East Asian democracies with a comparative focus on the cases of Thailand and East Timor. The first part of the paper looks at how the Thai and Indonesian governments use violence and their links with the military to validate and strengthen their political legitimacy. The second part explores how these governments further use violence to quell dissent and maintain their legitimacy on an international stage, to important financial institutions like the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, as well as to other countries. In the conclusion, the paper looks at the characteristics of Thai and Indonesian political institutions, which make violence an important component of maintaining political legitimacy. It posits that the rapid economic growth sweeping the region presents opportunities for more equitable distribution of resources and a greater recognition of individual civil rights.

From the Paper
"This formulation presupposes that the absence of protest is the same as rational compliance. In South-East Asia, however, the seeming rational compliance often masks an undercurrent of coercion that makes dissent impossible and dangerous. This coercion is illustrated clearly East Timor's bloody struggle for independence. During two decades of Indonesian rule, the Indonesian government used military force to commit atrocities on par with the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia. The Indonesian military government took over East Timor's coffee exports and other businesses. Corruption was rampant as Indonesian economic migrants swarmed into the area for the jobs. In contrast to the Indonesians who profited from the area's business, many East Timorese experienced extreme hardship (Kingsbury 397)."

Tags:civil, rights, indonesia, thailand, east, timor

Abstract
The paper discusses the 1997 East Asian financial crisis that began in Thailand and quickly spread throughout the region with a sudden devaluation of currencies, stock markets and various other financial assets. The paper shows how the financial crisis was a seminal moment for South Korea and for the region in general.

From the Paper
"The 1997 East Asian financial crisis, also termed the IMF crisis locally within the region, saw the downturn of many formerly robust East Asian and Southeast Asian countries. The crisis began in Thailand and quickly spread throughout the region with sudden devaluation of currencies, stock markets and various other financial assets (Li). South Korea, being one of the globe's largest economies, seemed to have sufficient safeguards in place to prevent the massive currency devaluation that was so rapidly crippling the East Asian economies. It had average gross domestic product (GDP)..."

Tags:south, korea, imf

Abstract
This paper discusses European colonial rule in the global south. The paper argues that it is not possible to generalize about the impact of European colonial rule on the global south, because that impact varies so markedly, depending upon the particular colonial power and the region in question.

From the Paper
"In The Dynamics of Global Dominance David B Abernethy maintains that identifying the legacies of European rule is fraught with conceptual and methodological perils. To assert that colonialism had consequence X or Y is not to claim ..."

Tags:Africa, East Southeast Asia, Latin America, Middle-East, development, Britain, WWII, export, culture, politics, resources

Abstract
This paper explores globalization in the context of South and East Asia, with India representing the South Asian opportunity and China as a proxy for East Asia. The paper is divided into three parts: a consideration of ROI benefits and a draft of entry strategies; an overview of operational strategies, including management and HR issues; and a discussion of behavioral expectations from minority members in these regions, plus an analysis of the impact of technology on these minorities. The conclusion is that, for maximum ROI in minimum time, a business should globalize by engaging local partners, not by building its own captive facilities in foreign countries.

From the Paper
"This concept paper will explore globalization in the content of South and East Asia, with India representing the South Asian opportunity and China as a proxy for East Asia. The paper is divided into three parts: a consideration of ROI benefits and a draft of entry strategies; an overview..."

Tags:globalization, business, asia

Abstract
The paper discusses the 1997 East Asian financial crisis, also termed the IMF crisis locally within the region, that saw the downturn of many East Asian and Southeast Asian economies. The paper explains that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) received much of the blame due to its handling of the crisis. The paper focuses on the IMF efforts in South Korea and reveals that the IMF today is moving toward a less restrictive and more realistic system.

Outline:
Introduction
The East Asian Economic Crisis
South Korea
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The South Korean Central Bank was forced to expand its open market operations (OMO) in order to attempt to stabilize its currency. By elevating the amount of OMO in terms of their own securities, Central Banks attempt to control extreme devaluation in times of stress or manage exchange rates in a more stable fashion (Guille 57). For South Korea, contracting the amount of currency through sales of securities was extremely important in controlling the free-fall of the Won during the extent of the crisis."

Tags:currencies, devaluation, stock, market, assets, economy, World, Bank

Abstract
This paper concerns the foreign policy of the United States in South East Asia, with a particular emphasis on Vietnam, diplomatic strategy, and the domino theory. It considers the extent to which domestic and international events in 1949 and 1950 could be considered the major factors in United States' concerns of communist aggression in the region and the need to respond and contain further threats.

From the Paper
"The loss of China also represented the loss of China as a pro-western influence and 'policeman' in the region. This necessitated a search for another potential strong ally and the build-up of Japan as a replacement pro-western power in the region. In the post-second world war period, one of the Roosevelt administration's reasons for dropping their international trusteeship plans for Indochina had been out of a concern to keep firm control over Japanese-mandated islands in the Pacific. The emergence of the Peoples' Republic of China in 1949 had made it all the more important to secure American interests in Japan itself. "

Tags:asia, communism, containment, policy, roosevelt, vietnam

Abstract
The paper discusses the 1997 East Asian financial crisis, also termed the IMF crisis, that saw the downturn of many formerly robust East Asian and Southeast Asian countries. The paper discusses the aid packages of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the difficult economic measures they required. The paper looks at Phillips curve and South Korea's exchange rate behavior. The paper concludes that most analysts view the country's economy as stable and forecast a strong outlook for it.

Outline:
Overview
Central Bank and OMO
Phillip's Curve
Exchange Rate Behavior
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The 1997 East Asian financial crisis, also termed the IMF crisis locally within the region, saw the downturn of many formerly robust East Asian and Southeast Asian countries. The crisis began in Thailand and quickly spread throughout the region with sudden devaluation of currencies, stock markets and various other financial assets (Li). South Korea, being one of the globe's largest economies, seemed to have sufficient safeguards in place to prevent the massive currency devaluation that was so rapidly crippling the East Asian economies."

Tags:central, banks, currency, Won, dollar, inflation, GDP, stock, market

Abstract
This paper discusses the East Asian financial crisis of 1997-1998 and how it represented not only a shock to the regional economies of East Asia but, in a larger context, a blow to the confidence of global financial markets in the fundamental structural soundness of East Asian economies. The paper points out that the East Asian economies that were at the center of the crisis - in particular, Thailand and South Korea - were also among those being most highly praised for their market liberalization and fiscal prudence during the regional economic boom of the 1990s. This, in particular, represented troubling concerns for the global economic community in terms of the validity and trustworthiness of assessments of East Asian economies. With this in mind, this paper considers whether it is safe to assume that the crisis is truly over.

Tags:finance, economic, asia

Abstract
This paper provides data and information about South Africa's imports and exports. It explains that energy is key to South Africa's economy and coal is one of its most important exports. Although only one-third of coal produced in South Africa is exported, primarily to the European Union (EU) and also to East Asia, in fact, South Africa was the world's third largest net coal exporter in 2002. The paper also looks at how the country is involved in the international financial community and how it assists other African countries.

From the Paper
"Although the sister South Dunes Coal Terminal (SDCT) opened in 2000 to facilitate the participation of empowerment corporations in the coal export sector, RBCT exporters and the SDCT partners agreed in June 2001 to expand the RBCT facility as well. Because no brand new rail infrastructure is needed, RBCT's expansion is considered the most cost-effective method of increasing South Africa 's coal export capability to the world at large. In fact, RBCT's expansion will increase its South Africa's export capacity by 11 mmst. SDCT firms will be permitted to export up to 7.2 mmst per year from this newer terminal. In March 2002, SDCT firms secured $41 million of the proposed expansion's $52 million total estimated cost. The last $11 million is to be financed by RBCT shareholders. The first shipment of coal by an empowerment entrant was loaded at the RBCT in October 2003. The RBCT's fully planned expansion is expected to be completed in 2005."

Tags:coal, gold

Abstract
In 1992 South Korea stood as a model of prosperity and economic innovation. Only three years later, South Korea followed the rest of East Asia into an economic meltdown. This paper gives a detailed economic history of South Korea and examines the harsh economic policies imposed by the IMF at the start of the Asian financial crisis that led to the economy's eventual collapse in 1998. It also examines how three years on, South Korea faces an unbalanced recovery and a labor movement badly wounded by neo-liberalism, while the majority of its people suffer rising insecurity and falling incomes.

From the Paper
"The chaebol are huge, highly diversified, often vertically integrated conglomerates. (South Korea Business) The monoliths started out as small family-run businesses shortly after the war, and many still are family owned and operated. Hyundai and Samsung are two of the best known. "The chaebol account for about one-third of all industrial production, which forms the core of the Korean economy." (South Korea Business) Some critics say the chaebol have a finger in so many pies, and thus control so much of the overall economy, that they are, in effect, oligopolists, and are able to engage in price collusion. (South Korea Business) "

Tags:asia, japan, bankruptcy, dollar, chaebol, asian, flu