Abstract This three-page undergraduate paper compares and contrasts Marx's analysis of the history and dynamics of capitalism with Rousseau's arguments in his Discourse on the Origin of Inequality. It discusses various points that show a substantive difference between Marx and Rousseau.
Abstract This paper compares the dependency and the modernization theories of development and applies them to Madagascar, an island nation in the Indian Ocean. The author explains that, despite its biological and cultural richness, Madagascar has remained among the world's poorest countries. The rule of Dictator Kidier Ratsiraka and his corrupt government has been costly to this country. The paper emphasizes that economic colonialism has impeded the development of Madagascar, despite its independence in 1960.
Table of Contents:
Dependency Theory versus Modernization Theory
Religions and Politics
Ethnic Cultural Conflicts
Agrarian Reform
Women and Their Status
Urbanization
Soldiers and Politics
Economic Growth and the Environment
From the Paper "Women likewise suffer disadvantages in the realms of legislation and politics. Legislation discriminates against women in inheritance, land tenure, marriage and divorce. Women's disadvantages have been traditional. Colonial and post-colonial reforms were in the hands of men. Personal laws and customs restricted women's inheritance rights. Marriage and divorce laws and practices added to women's dependence on men. Even when separated or divorced, women find legal provisions for their provision as ex-wives and for their children limited and difficult to enforce."
Tags:dynamicdeforestationcapitalismviolence, land policy
Abstract This paper discusses how deforestation is affecting Orangutans' habitat and how without urgent actions to combat the deforestation, their extinction is imminent. The author examines the orangutan's habitat, deforestation in Indonesia, the current status of Orangutan habitat and gives various recommendations to solve the problem.
From the Paper "The rainforests, thriving in the tropical humid rain lines of the earth, is a heaven on earth for millions of species of flora and fauna of the world. The frequent raindrops through the year and warm climate around the equator have made variety of living species in the wildlife grow as swiftly as possible. The outsized canopy of hundreds-year-old bulky trees becomes the safe home of assortment of vegetation and animals to breed and make the invaluable treasures of the world.
As time passes by, human activities encroach deeper into the wood. The high demand of logs, papers and other wood products had increased; and human grasp into the forests to cut them off to fulfill the national economic calls. The rainforest no longer becomes a sanctuary for the populations of animal and plants inside."
Abstract This paper discusses the tropical deforestation issue through an eco-feminist approach, which suggests that there is a connection between the oppression of women and the oppression of the rain forests through deforestation. The writer discusses that indicators are used to demonstrate the impact that rain forest deforestation has on the environment including greenhouse gases and erosion of the atmosphere.
From the Paper "Environmental issues affect every life form on Earth from the smallest organism to the human race. A single disruption in the Earth's balance may lead to the permanent and complete destruction of the atmosphere. What is most critical at this point is to find alternatives to deforestation, especially due to the alarming rates of tress being cut. Should this rate continue to rise, the likelihood of unfavorable side effects is promising. Tropical deforestation is threatening the health of the human race through global climate changes and potential extinction of rare plants and species."
Abstract The paper discusses how Karl Marx and Max Weber differ significantly in their views upon the origins, dynamics and future of capitalism. The paper relates that while Marx's and Weber's views on capitalism contain some points of general similarity, Marx is exclusively economic in his analysis, while Weber is willing to balance economics with culture.
From the Paper "It should be noted that while Marx and Weber disagree about many of aspects of capitalism, they are in agreement with respect to a few main points. For example, it is clear that both regard capitalism - as least within their own periods of writing - as a modern European phenomenon. However, their explanations for this are very different. Marx views capitalism purely in economic terms, and regards it as being predominantly a European phenomenon because Europe was the most economically advanced society of his time. In Marx's The Class Struggles in France he even indicates how national and regional differences in economic development necessarily determine the rate at which European societies are progressing towards revolutionary conditions (Marx 593)."
Abstract This paper uses pie charts and a photo of deforestation in Brazil to demonstrate the impact of tropical deforestation. The author points out that the rain forests help in regulating the world's climate and atmosphere. The paper relates that, with fewer rain forests, less carbon dioxide is being absorbed, which means that more heat from the sun stays locked up in the atmosphere causing the devastating greenhouse effects.
From the Paper "Tropical rain forests contribute to global climate regulation, oxygen and carbon dioxide production, the protection of soil erosion, and are the home to millions of species. Deforestation of tropical rain forests has contributed to global climate changes, in particular global warming and green house effects in the atmosphere. Tropical rain forests are being burned and cleared due to the increasing demand for farmland, industrialization and urbanization, infrastructure improvements (i.e. roads), and wood products (i.e. home building)."
This paper argues that the scales of justice need to be tipped in favor of capital punishment in order for civilized societies to be able to uphold the values of justice, human life, and the rights of the innocent.
Abstract This paper explains that capital punishment serves to protect innocent human life through acting as a deterrent to crime as evidenced by the decline in the number of murders as the number of executions increased between 1990 and 2000 in Texas, Oklahoma, Louisiana, and Arkansas. The author points out that, although many opponents of the death penalty argue that the death penalty is too expensive and that it costs more than simply giving convicts life; currently, the added expense of executing people is not the result of the justice system, but an effect of unnecessary delays in the federal courts. The paper concludes that capital punishment is necessary because, as long as there is crime and violence, citizens need to be assured that they can go about their daily lives free of worry and fear.
From the Paper "Paroled prisoners are not the only problem for there have been several cases of dangerous prisoners escaping from even high security prisons: "Michael Rodriguez, sentenced to life for murder joined six lesser criminals in overpowering prison employees in Connolly, Texas". Police say the "Malevolent Seven" robbed an Oshman's sporting goods store?then shot... police officer Aubrey Hawkins 11 times and drove over his corpse.? The preceding example is just one incident among many. In another case, even a 5,000 volt electric fence did not succeed in keeping in three murderers, all lifers, from escaping a high-security prison in St. Clair Springs, Ala. ?Along with three fellow inmates, they lifted the fence with a broom handle and slithered to freedom.? This example and the earlier cited cases of Arthur Shawcross and Michael Rodriguez should surely suffice in illustrating the danger of merely relying on imprisonment as a method of protecting society from known criminals. More important, it once again raises the question of whether society should concern itself more with the rights of innocent citizens or the rights, if arguably any, of criminals. Surely, society's first concern should be with the prevention of injustice by ensuring the safety and security of its citizens. In fact, this is the fundamental duty of government."
Abstract This essay argues, as Weber contends in his book "The Spirit of Capitalism", that modern Western capitalism is rooted not in materialist culture but rather Protestant spiritual culture. As is seen, the importance of this argument is that this cultural origin defines the core characteristics of modern Western capitalism and supplies much of its dynamic character and energy.
From the Paper "Weber and "The Spirit of Capitalism" Max Weber, in "The Spirit of Capitalism," addresses the theme of the cultural origins and parameters of what we understand as "capitalism" in the modern context. In "The Spirit of Capitalism" Weber is careful from the outset to define the parameters of his debate."
Abstract This paper examines the arguments for and against capital punishment. It provides ample evidence suggesting that capital punishment is an inappropriate form of punishment that does little to address the underlying causes of social unrest and violence.
From the Paper "The debate about capital punishment has long been a heated one. Supporters argue that capital punishment offers a form of deterrence; they also argue that it is a form of justice that underscores a society's abhorrence for gruesome acts. On the other hand, opponents argue that capital punishment does not serve an adequate deterrent and still others suggest that capital punishment barbarizes the state and constitutes a moral regression for any putatively progressive society. The following paper will briefly examine both sides and conclude that capital punishment does not serve as an effective deterrent and does little to address the root factors that cause violence. With that in mind, it is do a discussion of this controversial issue that this paper now turns."
Abstract This is an argumentative paper about the justification of capital punishment. The paper also examines the different views of capital punishment as well as the pros and cons of eliminating it from society.
From the Paper "In the past, people have invariably felt that if they had been wronged in some way, it was his or her right to take vengeance on the person that had wronged them. This mentality still exists, even today, but in a lesser form because the law has now outlined a person's rights and developed punishments that conform to those rights, yet allow for the retribution for their crime. However, some feel that those laws and punishments are too lax and criminals today take advantage of them knowing very well that the punishments for their crime, whether it be murder, theft, or any other number of criminal activities, will be so negligible that it may be well worth their risk.'
Abstract This paper discusses how group dynamics are central to the effective functioning of the work group. It shows how by understanding the group processes which affect people's roles in their place of work, is an understanding of the three major aspects of groups: managing conflict, communication and trust linked with social interdependence. It reviews these three concepts in turn and shows how although some groups struggle with a new structure, the future lies in achieving good communication, managing conflicts (including the hidden agenda) and developing healthy relationships, which will lead to trust and social interdependence. The success of a group rests not only with these but also with the group members as individuals and their ability to achieve a fuller harmony and healthy balance on the physical, psychological, spiritual and social level.
From the Paper "A conflict situation within groups can be seen as an opportunity to grow, however it can also contain risks to the healthy state of a group. It is not the presence of conflicts but the way they are managed, which determines whether they are a positive or a negative force within a group (Johnson & Johnson, 2000, p.381). Martin Luther King postulated in 1964 (and the sentiment applies to small groups as much as large): "Mankind [sic] must evolve for all human conflict a method, which rejects revenge, aggression, and retaliation. The foundation of such a method is love". Many groups spend considerable time trying to reach agreement which "satisfies our needs and meets our goals" (Johnson & Johnson, 2000, p.383). Conflicts arise in groups over the relevance of agenda. One group member may comment that he/ she is not interested in a specific program being organized by someone else."
Abstract This paper provides a group assessment on two key variables, which are the ability of each group member to communicate and share information and their ability to achieve each individual assigned task. The author points out that data on the group's dynamics will be evaluated in terms of these variables. The paper relates that the results of this evaluation will be addressed and recommendations will be made regarding the group and its effectiveness.
From the Paper "Group settings offer participants a number of challenges in order to facilitate success. Unfortunately, many groups are thrown together for a given purpose without consideration of the contributions that each member may bring to the setting, as well as the possibility that there may be problems with communication or in sharing the workload. A group assessment was conducted with regards to two distinct variables, including the ease in communication amongst group members and the delegation of task assignments that were successfully accomplished by each member. These variables were evaluated in greater to determine the effectiveness of the group dynamic as a whole, and the following discussion will identify the assessment process as a whole."
Abstract This paper discuses the many facets of human capital strategy and its effect on organizations including methodologies for diagnosing an organization's human capital situation by using balanced scorecards, human capital modeling, benchmarking and metrics. The author reviews a human capital strategy for Wal-Mart as a hypothetical example demonstrating how the strategy, methodology and approach must be tailored to an individual organization. The paper presents best practice cases as a source of knowledge and expertise and stresses that human capital strategy is a must in today's organizations.
From the Paper "Human resources (HR )departments are undergoing a transformation in this century from entities that viewed people as being a cost to the organization to entities that recognize people as an asset to the organization."
Tags: human capital, human resources, strategy, methodology, approach, organizations, diversity, employee, retention, management, talent management, human capital management, human capital measurement, Ron Heifetz, Donald Laurie, balanced scorecard, HR, human c
Abstract This policy paper analyzes the capital murder statute in Texas and discusses the existence of particular problems concerning two aspects of the manner in which capital punishment is administered: the definition of capital murder and the ways in which capital murder cases are administered. With respect to the multi-part series of articles published in the Houston Chronicle regarding the use of capital punishment in Harris County, this paper briefly touches on several examples of significant problems surrounding the way capital punishment is administered there.
From the Paper "Capital punishment is a highly contentious issue in the realm of law enforcement. In any discussion of the death penalty, the state of Texas tends to be a primary focus due to the fact that Texas carries out far more executions than any other American state. "
Abstract In this article, the writer discusses the different types of violence that occur within prisons. The writer then looks at reasons why such violence occurs and also discusses what could be done to improve the situation. In addition, by looking at violence between prisoners, that includes aggression involving prison staff, the paper consider how this violence affects both parties. The writer points out that there is a need for the government to understand that there are ways to be economical, without putting the lives of prison staff and inmates at risk. The writer concludes that at the end of the day, there really is no alternative and funds must be ensured in order maintain effective safe and secure correctional facilities for prison officers, staff, and inmates.
Outline:
Introduction
The Extent and Diversity of Violence within the US Prison System
Inmate Violence and Conditions
Staff Brutality towards Inmates
Trying to Ebb the Flow
The Effects of Violence on Inmates and Prison Staff
Conclusion
From the Paper Conditions, according to Kate Randell, are horrendous, and include, "overflowing toilets and pipes; toxic and unsanitary environments; prisoners forced to sleep on filthy floors without mattresses; cells infested with vermin and lacking ventilation" (Kate Randell, Online Article, 1998). Many prisons also have inadequate policies and procedures, concerning the use of force, and prison staff is often deficient in adequate training. Gangs control the majority of inmates within prisons throughout the United States, and violent behavior, including that of bullying, beatings, stabbings, sexual assault, rape, and murder, are all daily events. Each gang has its own dress code, rules, and initiation ceremonies, and is responsible for much of the violence that occurs within correctional institutions.
