Abstract
The paper relates that indigo was one of the first dyes to be used for dyeing fabric and has been used for more than two-thousand years in Asian countries such as Japan, China and India. The paper further relates that the indigo dyeing process was first developed in India, which became a primary supplier of indigo to Greece, Rome, Egypt and Mesopotamia. The paper discusses how the origin and development of indigo production in India is reflected in ancient Greek and Roman terms for the dye, for the roots of the Greek word indikon and the Roman word indicum reflect acknowledgement of the origins of indigo in India.

From the Paper
"Indigo was one of the first dyes to be used for dyeing fabric and has been used for more than two-thousand years in Asian countries such as Japan, China and India. The indigo dyeing process was first developed in India, which became a primary supplier of indigo to Greece, Rome, Egypt and Mesopotamia. The origin and development of indigo production in India is reflected in ancient Greek and Roman terms for the dye, for the roots of the Greek word indikon and the Roman word indicum reflect acknowledgement..."

Tags:indigo, dye, history

From the Paper
"At least once a generation, the relationship among state, local and federal power becomes an enduring theme in the continuing debate that constitutes American democracy. The "Contract with America," with its call to return control over many program areas to states and municipalities, is only the latest example. Politics in States and Communities, by the University of Florida's Thomas R. Dye, uses comparative analysis and a political focus to explain the interrelationships of local, state and federal governments that are part of the interwoven strands of every newscast and the front page of every newspaper.

Dye's detailed explanation of the why as well as the what of American politics (xv) provides a context for such continuing controversies as the call to return program areas to states and municipalities. In addition, revised and expanded consideration..."

Tags:BOOK, REVIEWS, NON-FICTION

Abstract
This paper begins with a brief history of dyes, discussing both the origins and development of natural dyes as well as the development of synthetic dyes. Next, the paper describes the experiment the author of the paper conducted in an effort to scientifically discover which natural dyes work the best when dyeing plain cotton cloth. The description of the experiment includes a list of the materials used, an explanation of the procedure used in the experiment, a discussion of the results obtained, and a look at what can be concluded from the experiment.

Table of Contents
Introduction
History
Synthetic Dyes
Materials
Procedures
Results
Discussion
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Color fascinates us! Different colors are being combined every day to add flavor to life. Today cloth can be made in any color of the rainbow. To dye something means to stain, or give new permanent color to. Natural dyes have existed for a long period of time in many different countries. Years ago, reds and browns were the most common colors used for clothing. They were mostly made from a variety of berries and barks. Blues and purples were the most difficult to make. Most dyes were obtained from animal, fruit, and vegetable extracts. The pigment of the substance used is taken out, and a cloth is submerged in the coloring solution. Finally, a dazzling new color is stained onto the cloth."

Tags:dyestuffs, derived, plants, insects, fruit, roman, empire, shellfish, purple, shade, color, used

Abstract
This paper discusses the Feingold Program that offers a food regimen that avoids salicylates, artificial dyes and artificial flavorings for children with problems such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The paper then discusses the controversy surrounding this diet and the scientific evidence of the harmful effects of synthetic food additives on learning, behavior and health. The paper posits that this is an important matter to every consumer of food products because it not only affects children but adults as well and therefore the FDA should ban these artificial ingredients from being added to our foods.

From the Paper
"The purpose of artificial coloring added to food is usually to make a low-nutrition item visually more appealing to children and even perhaps to mask the absence of nutrients. Can anyone really advise parents even those that have children without behavioral problems that the risk is really worth it? If the FDA would ban artificial food dyes this would be a less drastic step than medicating kids with stimulants such as Ritalin. At the very least, the FDA could require warning labels on foods with artificial dyes. The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) urged the FDA to ban artificial food dyes linked to behavior problems. CSPI was founded by executive director Michael Jacobson, Ph.D. and 2 other scientists. CSPI has established itself as the organized voice of the American public on nutrition, food safety, health and other issues during a boom of consumer and environmental protection awareness in the early 1970s. CSPI's goals are to educate the public, advocate governmental policies that are consistent with scientific evidence on health and environmental issues, and counter industry's powerful influence on public opinion and public policies."

Tags:Feingold, diet, salicylates, flavorings, hyperactivity

Abstract
The paper relates that people juice fish to enhance sales, to create yet another "modern" trend and to continue the concept of superiority long held by the human race. The paper traces the beginnings of this practice of juicing fish, also called "painting" or "dyeing". The paper blames the dyed fish market's profitability on naive, ignorant customers and merciless businesses. The paper asserts that one must look at fish not as specimens to toy with, but as real, living creatures.

From the Paper
""One fish, two fish, red fish, blue fish." Dr. Seuss was ahead of his time. Who would have known that almost two generations later, people would actually create these multicolored fish? But at what cost? Dr. Seuss was a trend setter and from his rhythmic notion of colored fish, millions of people are causing the untimely demise of numerous fish through a process commonly known as juicing. It seems people juice fish for only three reasons: to enhance sales, to create yet another "modern" trend and to continue the concept of superiority long held by the human race."

Tags:juicing, painting, cruelty, abuse, manipulation, rights

Abstract
This paper uses Thomas Dye's 10 key variables to discuss George W. Bush and elitism and institutional power. The paper explains Dye's views on Bush's great wealth and access to the highest circles of political and government power.

From the Paper
"Thomas R. Dye argued that in even the most democratic countries including the United States, elitism is a major force shaping all sectors within society. Further, Dye identified specific power sectors in which there are elites. These include peers, family, religion, economics, government, the military, charity, education and the media. Dye might suggest for example, that a figure such as Michael Jordan is definitively an elite individual in the leisure sector, whereas the Reverend Billy Graham might be regarded as a..."

Tags:George W. Bush, elitism, power, political, government

Abstract
This paper highlights the issues that were faced by the founding fathers and their fear of a "dangerous leveling" in society. It further explains the problem of equalization of society that would thus lead to reduced inequalities of wealth, income, talents, and virtues. It examines these issues as discussed in the book, "The Irony of Democracy", by Thomas R. Dye and Harmon Zeigler.

Outline
Introduction
American Constitution
Theories of the Founding Fathers
"The Irony of Democracy"
Analysis
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Thomas Jefferson diverged from the mainstream in stating a belief in the intrinsic intellectual inferiority of blacks, as most authors correctly argue, he was much more in line with contemporary thought in his fear of blacks as alien and dangerous. To Jefferson, blacks were crudely sexual creatures, and he presented as a fact, requiring no evidence or support, their sexual preference for whites, which was as great as that of "the for the black woman over those of his own species." Such fears, which led Jefferson to argue that the freed slave had to be literally removed beyond the reach of mixture or he would soon be staining the blood of his master, seem to have formed the core of the prejudice against blacks shared by nearly all white Americans."

Tags:thomas, jefferson, constitution, abe, lincoln, george, washington

Abstract
The origins of the methods used in traditional dyeing are rooted in Egyptian, Greek and Roman times. Practically speaking, the principal methods of dyeing remained largely unchanged until the advent of synthetic dyes. This paper explores traditional methods of dyeing textiles (cotton, wool, silk) and examines the microscopy of the pigments used (woad, logwood, madder, copperas, etc).

From the Paper
"It is a known fact that dyes react differently to various fibers and that their fastness is determined by the particular chemical properties of each fiber. The use of mordants ensures color fastness but again the longevity of the color is determined by a complex set of variables. In addition, different mordants achieve different shades and again the fastness of these shades is determined to a large extent by the particular method of application. Reaching optimum results also depends on the correct temperatures or the repeated dipping of the material into the dye bath or even on the application of several baths of different mordant dyes."

Tags:conservation, fabrics, haematin, haematoxylin

From the Paper
"Berger reports that a wide variety of food stabilizers, which are also referred to as food additives, have been shown to be detrimental to the functioning of the immune system. In fact, there is evidence that the use of food additives proves toxic to a large number of individuals in developed nations. This is because the more developed a nation is, the more likely it is to produce foods that contain sophisticated and chemically complex, synthesized food additives. Those food additives that have been shown to be toxic to the body include monosodium glutamate (MSG), various food preservatives, food stabilizers, emulsifiers, flavorings, humectants, colorers, and others (Berger, 1985, 100-110).

COMPARISON OF VIEWPOINTS
There are several viewpoints relative to the use of food ..."

Abstract
This paper presents an experiment in which two types of chromatography were used to separate a mixture of two dyes, methylene blue and fluorescein. The materials and methods that were used for the experiment are discusses as well as the results that were obtained. The results are presented in a table form.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Results
Discussion
Additional Experiments
Appendix

From the Paper
"Gel permeation chromatography is a type of size exclusion chromatography (SEC), where the mobile phase is an organic solvent and separation occurs based on size. (Davies, Johnson, 2007). It is used to determine the molecular weights of organic and biological molecules, such as nucleic acids and proteins. The stationary phase is a gel medium, (e.g. agarose, polyacrylamide, or dextran) and elution occurs under low pressure. The molecules of interest are often further separated based on charge, acidity/bascitiy and affinity to particular molecules. This technique is efficient because all the samples can be simultaneously loaded without deterring the elution process, or disrupting the biologically-active state of the different samples. (Davies, Johnson, 2007)."

Tags:methylene blue, fluorescein molecule acidity