Abstract
The paper considers the type of moral and ethical dilemmas faced by DWI, a company interested in developing oil reserves in the Middle East. The paper illustrates how it is impossible to rely upon a single moral theory when developing a corporate code of ethics. Therefore, the paper suggests that DWI consult the cultural norms of its stakeholders and try to fashion a corporate code that respects all of those norms.

From the Paper
"For example, DWI is interested in developing oil reserves in the Middle East, but both the United States and the United Nations have prevented it from doing so in the past. Now that the international environment may permit such development, DWI has to consider whether it is possible to ethically do so. The sheer number of stakeholders involved in such a scenario is mind-blowing. DWI would have to consider the direct impact of drilling on local residents, and the impact that imports and exports from the Middle East could have on the global economy and global politics. One factor to be considered is that the world is rapidly depleting its fossil resources, which could lead to a world energy crisis. (Heinberg, 2005). Because people in the United States use a disproportionate amount of the world's fossil fuels, exporting more oil for U.S. consumption would violate the idea of justice."

Tags:stockholders, stakeholders, value, fair, trade, environmental, sustainability, oil

Abstract
This paper reflects the author's personal experience of being hit by a drunk driver. According to the paper, no mercy needs to be shown to drunk drivers; the maximum allowable blood alcohol content (BAC) should only be 0.05%, and there should be a zero tolerance program for young men and teenage boy drivers caught driving while intoxicated.

From the Paper
"My truck wasn't drivable but the door worked. I got out and could hear the glass pop off my clothes and make weird sounds like Rick Krispies popping in a cereal bowl, and when I got to the Mercedes I could see these two guys, drenched in gin, beer, and glass. They were laughing. From ten feet away you could smell the alcohol. When I asked them if they were alright, they gave some quick answer and tried to get the car to move. It wouldn't. I asked them for their insurance and they rattled off some expletives and told me to go to hell and asked if I knew who their father was. However he was, he was going to be very angry when he saw that brown Mercedes, it was totaled."

Tags:DUI, conviction, alcohol, drunk, driver, breathalyzer, judge, police

From the Paper
"There are at least three counties in the State of New York that have enacted laws or implemented polices allowing for the seizure and forfeiture of privately-owned automobiles upon arrest for a Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) offense. In some counties, vehicle seizures are made upon a defendant's first arrest for DWI. In every county, seizure of a defendant's vehicle precedes an adjudication of guilt. As a result, important constitutional issues have arisen.

COMPARISON OF LAWS IN THREE NEW YORK COUNTIES
The first of the three policies, placed into effect on February 20, 1999, governs the County of New York, which consists of the Borough of Manhattan. The forfeiture policy is not a separate law written specifically for DWI, but is an..."

Tags:drugs, alchohal, transportation

Abstract
The paper explains how "Crone v. United Parcel Service (UPS)" concerned whether it was gender discrimination for UPS to refuse to promote Crone to a supervisory position based on concerns that she was overly emotional and could not handle confrontations. The paper looks at how the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) defines sex-based discrimination and sexual harassment and points out that had the court decided the case in favor of Crone, the court would have been institutionalizing the sex-based stereotype that women are emotionally weaker than men. The paper concludes that because Crone merely reflected the current state of the law, DWI does not need to take additional measures to incorporate Crone into its EEO policy book and training.

From the Paper
"Because DWI has enough employees to make the terms of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and other anti-discrimination legislation apply to it, DWI's human resources department must remain aware of proscriptions against discrimination. The issue in Crone v. United Parcel Service (UPS) dealt with whether it was gender discrimination for UPS to refuse to promote Crone, one of its employees, to a supervisory position based on UPS's concerns that Crone was overly emotional and could not handle confrontations, due to her propensity to cry. Before looking at the decision the court reached in Crone, it is important to look at how the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) defines sex-based discrimination and sexual harassment."

Tags:gender, discrimination, sexual, harassment, stereotypes, confrontation, skills

Abstract
The paper discusses how the elimination of restrictions concerning monopolistic behaviors, and the expanding global horizon produced by the Internet, has allowed expansion in both the print and television media sectors. The paper looks at the history of corporate monopolies and at the government's response to unchecked corporate development. The paper reveals that the incapacity of government bodies to fairly mediate competition have already produced an environment where unfair pricing practices and hostile market takeovers gradually undermine the viability of small-scale organizations. The paper focuses on the DWI organization and asserts that despite pressure from larger firms to support this pattern of market growth, DWI opposes it and the negative patterns which it represents.

From the Paper
"Today, in direct consequence of deregulation, the presence of an imbalance in market power concentration is frequently promontory of corruptive practices, which are encouraged by the willful absence of naturally occurring market controls. A reciprocal relationship exists between the achievement of industry-monopoly and the susceptibility to unethical business actions. The absence of competitive controls will tend to distort a market according to the whim of the organization in question, allowing it to levy geographical dominance which ultimately is stifling to natural opportunities for smaller entities such as ours to compete and, consequently, removes any opportunity for the consumer to express an active and determinant role in pricing, service and quality control. Thus, where the consumer is particularly concerned, all of these things suffer."

Tags:legislation, FCC, corruption, takeovers, monopolies

Abstract
There are at least three counties in the State of New York that have enacted laws or implemented polices allowing for the seizure and forfeiture of privately-owned automobiles upon arrest for a Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) offense. In some counties vehicle seizures are made upon a defendant's first arrest for DWI. In every county, seizure of a defendant's vehicle precedes an adjudication of guilt. After the paper compares the laws between the three New York counties, it examines important Constitutional issues which have arisen from these policies.

From the Paper
"Like New York County (City), Nassau County also utilizes a currently existing Code section concerning the disposition of property held by the property clerk as authority for and enforcement of the DWI vehicle forfeiture. Among all three counties examined here -- New York, Nassau and Suffolk (Suffolk County has adopted separate, offense-specific legislation) -- the rationale for application of vehicle forfeiture to DWI is that, since a vehicle is a necessary element of a "Driving While Intoxicated" charge, it is thus an "instrumentality of a crime," and is therefore governed by local law dealing with property disposition held by the property clerk of the local police department."

Tags:Nassau, Manhattan, Suffolk, Eighth, Amendment

Abstract
Facts and statistics are presented and different methods to reduce the problem of alcoholism is analyzed. Property damage, rapes, DWI's and other damages are investigated. Blood alcohol level chart and a look into several recent deaths on campuses due to binge drinking. Alcohol abuse among college students is considered.

From the Paper
"Laws in every State make it illegal for anyone under the age of twenty-one to purchase or possess alcohol (Toomey 1996). College students report that alcohol is easy to obtain and they drink for one goal - to get drunk. Binge drinking is defined by researchers as consuming five or more drinks in a row for men and four or more in a row for women (Bishop 1998). Alcohol abuse has long been a problem on college campuses. Currently, approximately eighty-five percent of college students drink alcohol (Philpot 1997). Many students on college campuses drink to excess. Binge drinking is associated with tragic consequences, health issues, and destructive behavior. Binge drinking must be curbed due to the consequences suffered by students who over imbibe and for those innocent students who are harmed by binge drinkers (NIH 1999)."

Tags:abuse, alcohol, deaths, statistics

Abstract
The paper explains that the purpose of the proposed study is to identify the historic and current incidence of driving while intoxicated (DWI) in Nigeria, as well as any relevant cultural factors that tend to contribute to this practice in order to determine what legal and social interventions might be best suited to addressing this serious problem. The paper specifically plans to research the social and economic impacts of drunken driving in Nigeria today, the current legal penalties in place for driving while intoxicated, the steps taken by Nigerian law enforcement to address this problem in recent years and the best practices identified by countries with comparable social dimensions. The paper outlines the importance of the study, the research design and method, the data collection and analysis and the rationale behind this study. Diagrams and tables as well as an appendix with a draft survey are included int the paper.

Outline:
Statement of the Problem
Background
Purpose of Study
Research Questions
Importance of Study
Research Design
Research Method
Selection of Participants
Data Collection and Analysis
Rationale of Study

From the Paper
"The research method to be used by the proposed study will be a mixed methodology, consisting of a review of the relevant peer-reviewed and scholarly literature concerning the incidences, typical causes and any cultural factors currently associated with drunk driving in general and drunk driving in Nigeria in particular. The use of a literature review is highly consistent with the guidance from numerous social researchers who recommend reviewing what is known about a topic as the research proceeds. For example, according to Fraenkel and Wallen (2001), "Researchers usually dig into the literature to find out what has already been written about the topic they are interested in investigating. Both the opinions of experts in the field and other research studies are of interest. Such reading is referred to as a review of the literature" (p. 48). A well conducted literature review, though, also provides a comprehensive analysis of the studies and empirical observations reported so that their reliability, validity and relevance can be measured and an informed opinion formed concerning general trends and causes. Therefore, the proposed study will seek to provide this level of analysis in the literature review so that new insights and observations can be gained by providing a unique perspective on an important social problem and what gaps exist in the extant literature."

Tags:penalties, crashes, intoxication

Abstract
This paper focuses on the concept of personal responsiblity as it relates to drunk driving. The paper explains that personal responsibility is a relatively simple concept that applies to the choices that the individual makes and the personal connection that this individual chooses to acknowledge in terms of a particular outcome. Applying this concept is at times difficult, however. Even when a situation seems clear-cut, such as the responsibility held by a host when a guest has left the host's home, can be argued from several different levels of responsibility. In this case, however, it is fairly clear that the host had a responsibility to his or her guest and failed to meet that personal responsibility.

Tags:inebriation, intoxication, car, automobile, DUI, DWI

Abstract
This paper discusses the laws surrounding drinking under the influence (DUI) and whether they are effective. The paper discusses the laws in the United States (and how they vary between the different states) and describes how the laws and the consequences of breaking the laws, have helped to reduce the incidence and severity of DUI.

From the Paper
"No matter what may be the problem that may have caused the driver to consume alcohol, the DUI law, as in the 'Alcohol impaired driver act' would bring the offender to the court, in order to enforce a certain level of discipline and restrain him from committing any such similar offences in the future. (Science and Transportation; Subcommittee for Consumers United States; Congress; Senate; Committee on Commerce, 30) Reed states, "...it is doubtful if severe penalties would be applied often, even if they are authorized by law", but at the same time, one must remember that most states have started to realize the gravity of the problem of drunken driving, and have therefore started to take things into their hands, so as to bring in improvements and changes wherever applicable. (Berstein; Olson, 39) There is a noticeable reluctance on the part of the law enforcement department to impose strong punishments onto offenders. Maybe one of the primary reasons for this phenomenon is the latent confusion over the exact nature of the offence being committed. (Berstein; Olson, 39)"

Tags:rehabilitation, DWI, alcohol, license