Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses "Returning to Dwell in Gardens and Fields I," written by Tao Qian. It describes his work as an elegant and rather autobiographical poem and describes the context in which Qian wrote it. The paper discusses the content of Qian's poetry and the messages that are revealed through it to the contemporary reader.

From the Paper
"As Owen expressed it, the mistake might be made, the poem seems to be saying, of mistaking Tao Qian for a farmer, for he may be seen to work at clearing scrub from the edges of his property, but he explains in the poem that he does not compare himself to the farmers, or to the officials known in the cities, so much as he speaks to humanity or understanding persons, of whatever origin, who might sense the reasons for his choice and departure from a town life that others might very much covet. (See Mirror 234) His poem has done as Tao Qian feels he must, in explaining himself. He writes as though knowing his reader will understand, perhaps a person like himself faced with similar realizations, or having made similar choices. The whole idea of true nature is debatable in that the poet argues he belongs where he was in youth whereas other readers will argue that as a self-conscious farmer, able to describe his present life in relation to something else, that Tao Qian is forever differentiated. As Owen points out, Tao Qian stresses the unity of the self and of the chosen role but even these give away his doubleness, the reader learning how to presume nothing from surfaces and wondering "how inner and outer can be brought together, again." (Mirror 79)"

Tags:autobiography, aristocracy, peasants, farmer

Abstract
In this article, the writer presents a short summary of Tao Qian's "Returning to Dwell in Gardens and Fields I" in relation to Owen's remarks on doubleness and the hidden nature in Chinese poetry of the time. The writer discusses that the narrator explains his having lived more than one life, his choice of what remained from the past, a hidden magistrate among peasants, the location presumed to be the unifier in that it allows Peace.

Tags:time, subject, double, space, as, unifier

Abstract
The paper discusses how Claude S. Fischer's ethnographic study "To Dwell Among Friends: Personal Networks in Town and City" argues with the findings of Georg Simmel and the sociologists of the Chicago School who felt that urban life had detrimental effects on the well being of the vast majority of citizens in the United States. The paper explains Fischer's essential argument that urbanism produces a different style of life, but has no visible effect on one's quality of life. The paper further explains his theory of subcultures that shows that urban environments offer more opportunities of social exchange and networking than rural environments. The paper also asserts that while Fischer's analysis is useful, with the advent of Internet we must ponder the nature of urban life from a more contemporary perspective.

From the Paper
"Fischer sharply disagrees with earlier findings on the detrimental effects that urban life has on its inhabitants. Based on his research, he draws the conclusion that whereas urban life may have once been distinguishable from rural life, at the time of his writing (the early 1980s), those differences had been nearly erased. There was no longer any such thing as "urban life" or "rural life," Fischer concludes - just a national life. The extent to which people in American society differed from one another was not rooted in where they lived, but in other factors - particularly their level of education and income, as it is these two factors that seem to have the biggest influence on the extent of one's social network."

Tags:Marx, advertising, culture, interaction

Abstract
The paper looks at how in his book, "When Brothers Dwell Together: The Preeminence of Younger Siblings in the Hebrew Bible", Frederick E. Greenspahn explores the unusual fact that many of the Bible's great heroes are not oldest children, despite the preference the culture seems to place upon them. The paper describes how Greenspahn gives the story of the Patriarch Joseph as a prime example of this phenomenon.

From the Paper
"In his book, "When Brothers Dwell Together: The Preeminence of Younger Siblings in the Hebrew Bible", Frederick E. Greenspahn explores the unusual fact that many of the Bible's great heroes are not oldest children, despite the preference the culture seems to place upon them. The story of the Patriarch Joseph is a prime example of this phenomenon. Joseph is portrayed as a character that is innocent, virtuous, loyal to God and consequently is at the mercy of the events of his life. It is..."

Tags:bible, old, testement, literature, joseph, patriarch, younger, sibling, egypt

Abstract
This paper examines the techniques employed by Emily Dickinson in the poems "I Dwell in Possibility" and "They Shut me up in Prose." The paper examines the author's background as an orthodox Calvinist and examines the effect that her childhood religious influences had on her poetry. The essay makes the point that Dickinson's poetry was often a vehicle for her criticisms about organized religion and the role of the church. Both poems are cited within the essay.

From the Paper
"The limitlessness of the imagination is symbolized in both poems by metaphors that represent the power of creativity and how it can be spiritually enlightening. By relating the ordinary to the extraordinary, Dickinson shows the power of the mind to see beyond the mundane and find deeper meaning within it. The house in "I dwell in Possibility-" is portrayed as ethereal and divine. The roof is "Everlasting" and it has "Gambrels of the Sky" (7 - 8). The roof is described as being impossibly tall, reaching up towards the sky, symbolic of the imagination's ability to find spirituality within everyday existence. In the poem, she also is figuratively able to hold Heaven in her hands: "The spreading wide my narrow Hands/ to gather Paradise - "(11 - 12)."

Tags:analysis, calvinist, church, creativity, dickinson, emily, image, poetry, puritan, recluse, religion, rhyme

Abstract
This paper comments that, while living in cities provides obvious benefits such as art and culture, access to food and medicine and trade, there is an adverse effect as well. The paper refers to a number of articles by Brechin, Pena, and Foster, among others, who all write on the subject. The writer concludes that, while each article may have some value, the reality is that we do live in cities and, at least in the foreseeable future, will continue to do so.

From the Paper
"There must be few citizens of the 21st century - at least few who are citizens of both the 21st century and the First World - who do not view the city as a problematic accomplishment of humanity. Certainly, cities are the highest expression of human civilization, at least in some ways: They support the flourishing of the arts and culture, of haute cuisine and high-tech medicine, of universities and research labs. But cities are also the expressions of the worst that humans have created, both in terms of how we treat each other and in terms of how we treat the planet, as the readings that we are examining for this paper argue. The city is many things, but it is and always has been essentially a site of commerce, and the basing of relationships upon commercial grounds is never unproblematic."

Tags:consumer, community, public, farming, california, mexico

Abstract
This paper provides a description of the early and later architectural designs of the Roman houses, villas, and apartments. The author offers a historic view of the designs found in excavations and on mosaics and discusses the social relevance of certain architectural designs.

From the Paper
"Architecture was outstanding among the Roman arts. Many of the outward forms of Roman architecture were taken over from the Greeks. It was through Rome that these forms became the common language of a great part of the tradition of western architecture. Connections between Greek houses and Roman ones provide important context both for Roman villas planned around peristyles as well as for the luxuriousness of the decoration and contents of late republican and early imperial houses and villas. This Greek luxury was a matter of some ambivalence for the Romans. Certain members of the Roman elite were eager to emulate the model of Hellenistic taste as found in Greek palaces of the fourth century B.C. and later (Robertson, 1986). But there has been a change of attitude about Hellenistic influence on architecture, painting, and mosaics: scholars are now stressing the ready naturalization of Greek art and ideas in the Roman context rather than using Roman art to reconstruct a hypothetical Hellenistic original (Jones, 2001)."

Tags:architecture, excavation, hadrian, mosaic, ostia, pompeii, roman, villa

Abstract
The main North American tribe most usually associated with the State of Maryland is the Nanticoke, an Algonkian people that lived and still lives in small numbers on both sides of Chesapeake Bay and on the north bank of the Potomac River. This paper looks at the culture of this tribe and a few other smaller tribes. It discusses how they were forced to integrate with the Europeans and how this affected their way of life and, ultimately, their survival.

From the Paper
"By the years of the American Revolution, the Nanticoke and their related Indian Nations began to experience a rapid decrease in their ability to maintain even trade relations with the Europeans, not to mention the growing numbers of settlers that often forced the native Indians from their homelands within the great woodlands of Maryland. The Nanticokes eventually migrated up the Susquehanna River and resettled in what is now the southern boundaries of the Ohio River Valley. The last Nanticoke immigrants intermingled with the Iroquois Nation and all of their individual cultural identity was lost forever. Today, the remnants of the Nanticoke live along the Indian River in the state of Delaware and the last native speaker of the Nanticoke language died in 1856 which signaled the end of the Nanticoke culture in Maryland."

Tags:nanticoke, algonkian

From the Paper
"INTRODUCTION
Research is currently being pursued in shell selection by the hermit crab. Hermit crabs usually are found in empty gastropod shells, seeking protection from predators, desiccation, and other hermit crabs. The hermit crab does not seem to select a place to stay at random but rather appears to have a selection process. Precisely what this process is and how the crab makes a decision as to what shell to select and what shell to reject is the subject of much research.
Hermit crabs are considered ideal for research into decision making of this sort. When an animal stops performing one activity, it must decide what activity to perform next, and this is called a "decision point." At any time, causal factors for several different potential activities are likely present, and.."

Abstract
This paper discuses the issue of gender roles in Charlotte Lennox's book "The Female Quixote". It focuses on the main character Arabella and how she manages to make the world revolve around her. It looks at the issue of female empowerment, relationship between the sexes and how these relate to modern day.

From the paper:

"Charlotte Lennox?s ?The Female Quixote? decries the influence of romantic novels on its main female protagonist, Arabella. Like Cervantes? Don Quixote, a reading of romance novels, tales of beautiful women and their influence on men, and of their being the center of the world they dwell in, with everything seeming to revolve around their person, ostensibly seeks to expose the delusions of such women. By putting the onus of such delusions upon the romance, they decry fictions, or at least the genre of fiction that goes by the name of romances. However, a reading of the novels brings forth the great truth that it is neither the romantic fiction, nor its misreading and misinterpretation by the main protagonists of these two novels and others of their kind, but the entire gamut of gender relations that can be held responsible and that needs to be probed further as the cause of such delusions. "

Tags:romantic, female, protagonist, attributes, society, ethical, behavior, patriarchy, reverance, nobility