Abstract This paper counters the popular conception that author J.R.R. Tolkien is known for his lack of irony in his writings by proving that this particular novel exemplifies irony in its finest form. The basis of this irony consists in Tolkien's depiction of the dwarves' spiritual impurity which becomes apparent upon their pilgrimage. The writer of this paper describes the plot and main characters of Tolkien's novel "The Hobbit." This paper details the areas of the novel in which the text is replete with examples which illustrate the dwarves' repeated failure to rise to the occasion when confronted with the assorted tests, trials and tribulations demanded of all heroic quest seekers.
From the Paper "The cyclical nature of the dwarves' crusade reflects, in turn, the circular plot-structure of all Quests, in which an action that is initiated in the concrete present-here, the scheme to conquer Smaug and recover the dwarfish hoard-is brought to fruition in an (often-idealized and mythologized) past. In addition, the grandiosity of the dwarves' mission replicates "the epic spirit and grandeur" of the traditional Quest by pitting the questors against the "forces of greed, cruelty, and aggression" while situating them before the sweeping backdrop of an imagined world-Middle-earth-that is replete with "its own theology, myths, geography, history, paleography, languages, and orders of being."
Unfortunately for the dwarves (and, ultimately, for Middle-earth itself), the impurity of their crusade precludes the manifesting of another seminal convention of the heroic Quest: the social, psychological, and/or spiritual development of the hero(es). Their chronic inability to transcend the limitations of their original personae is illustrated both in the dwarves' childlike inability to defend themselves against the various perils which they encounter as they journey toward the Lonely Mountain and in their nearly-disastrous, initial refusal to share their treasure with the men of Esgaroth."
Abstract This paper examines how Tolkien's study of philology and creation of languages had a large impact on "The Lord of the Rings" trilogy. It looks at how many of the different societies and civilizations of Middle-Earth were shaped by these languages, including the societies of Hobbits, Elves, Men, Dwarves, Ents and Mordor. It discusses how this influence can be seen through a close study of the background and beliefs of J.R.R. Tolkien. Although he believed that language and literature were influential on one another, his love of language and disdain for the term "literature" influenced the way he wrote "The Lord of the Rings" trilogy.
From the Paper "The Black Speech used by the minions of Mordor shaped Tolkien's creation of Mordor as a bleak, ugly, and evil land. There are two forms of the Black Speech; one form representing the more powerful villains and one representing the baser villains. The more powerful evils include Sauron and the Nazguls. The baser evils include the Orcs and other servants of Sauron. The Black Speech is a harsh-sounding, violent language, that Tolkien did not like to write in as much as others. He meant for it to be unpleasant ("Black Speech"). This influenced the society and culture by making noises like grunts and shrieks or body language more common communication than language. Tolkien did give the villains their share of intelligence, however. "
Abstract This paper covers the following topics: what are supernovae; the history of the supernovae; supernovae in our Galaxy: how they are formed; nomenclature; how they affect us.
From the Paper " A supernova is the cataclysmic explosion of a big mass star, which releases a huge quantity of light instantaneously, occurring approximately twice per century. Astronomers have been observing supernovae in our skies since the times of Christian Huygens, Simon Marius, Messier, Brache and Kepler. Fritz Zwicky was the first to use the term supernova to describe lights that were much brighter than any other star or planetary body visible in the sky. "
Abstract To this day the works of J. R. R. Tolkien are considered pinnacles in the realm of fantasy and adventure writing. From his elves, hobbits, dwarves and brave men all fighting evil and aiding in the ultimate triumph of good, Tolkien based his world and its histories upon adventure. This paper examines Tolkien's first hobbit novel, "The Hobbit", explaining that, while it is just as full of adventure as any of his other works, "The Hobbit" also centers around the central theme of the common ordinary being encountering adventure and thus becoming an uncommon hero.
