Abstract
As a genre of children's literature, fairy tales are filled with magic, coincidence and good luck for the good characters and bad luck for the bad characters. These delightfully entertaining tales are also filled with gender stereotypes. This paper examines female stereotypes within three fairy tales in particular: "Cinderella"; "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs" and "Sleeping Beauty". The paper examines their representations of female passivity, their emphasis on outer beauty as the quality that saves the heroine and their portrayals of competition among women for male attention (e.g., to marry the handsome prince), based on external beauty.

From the Paper
"Next Cinderella wishes, like her stepsisters, to attend the festival at which a handsome prince will be looking for a bride. But her request is refused by her stepmother because, "You have no clothes and shoes" (Grimm). The stepmother acts as if she is trying to protect Cinderella from ridicule, but it is clear instead that she wants as little competition as possible for her own daughters. Cinderella is ordered to help her stepsisters get ready, the first instance of feminine rivalry among Cinderella, the stepmother, and the stepmother's blood daughters."

Tags:Grimm, heroine, fairy, godmother, Anne, Sexton

Abstract
The paper relates that stars are born, live their stellar lives and then die. The paper then discusses how "protostars" can evolve into high-mass stars, intermediate mass stars and low-mass stars and when they finally stop burning, they die and form white, black, brown or red dwarfs. The paper concludes that while we know much about stars, we still do not know enough.

From the Paper
"Stars twinkle and shine pretty in the night sky but they are actually complicated heavenly bodies. They are like us in that they are born, live their stellar lives, and then die. The early phases of a star's life begins when an "early phase of gravitational collapse," (Dasch) forms a "stellar embryo" (Dasch). Gas falls into the embryo, heating it up and when the embryo becomes warm enough, it begins resisting gravity. At this point, the embryo is called a "protostar" (Dasch). Grace Wolf-Chase maintains that this gas is "vast agglomerations of gas and dust" (Chase). Some of matter around the protostar begins to accumulate in a disk shape, rotating around it. Forces of gravity cause the disk to pick up speed and move toward the center. However, the gas and dust must slow down in order to fall onto the protostar."

Tags:protostar, giant, explosion, hydrogen

Abstract
The debate over the causation of congenital anomalies is discussed in this paper, as well as various preventative measures that have been implemented over time to help reduce the neonatal death rate. Medical practices and scientific approaches towards human birth deformities are well explored and cited throughout the paper.

Abstract
The movie Simon Birch (Johnson, 1998) features an unusual protagonist, a young boy who is also a dwarf and yet is also the smartest person in his town. He is also convinced that God has a particular mission in mind for him in life, though he does not yet know what that mission might be. Simon is paired with and also contrasted with his friend Joe, who has no idea who is father is because his mother will not tell him. The two boys come together in being different from others, for Joe is called a bastard by some, and Simon is a dwarf.

From the Paper
Demographic Information The movie Simon Birch (Johnson, 1998) features an unusual protagonist, a young boy who is also a dwarf and yet is also the smartest person in his town. He is also convinced that God has a particular mission in mind for him in life, though he does not yet know what that mission might be. Simon is paired with and also contrasted with his friend Joe, who has no idea who is father is because his mother will not tell him. The two boys come together in being different from others, for Joe is called a bastard by some, and Simon is a dwarf. Joe's mother has a close relationship with her son, though she refuses to tell him about his father, while Simon's

Tags:theories, developemnt, film

Abstract
This essay provides a discussion of the relationship between two lonely men, the dwarf Fin and the coffee shop owner Joe from the film "The Station Agent". The paper explains how through his unique communication style, Joe eventually provides the defensive Fin with hope for a personal and social life.

From the Paper
"In The Station Agent Finbar Fin McBride is a lonely dwarf who inherits an abandoned trains station when its owner his only friend dies. He moves to the station in Newfoundland New Jersey where he expects to live a life of ..."

Tags:relational culture, masculine pattern, defense mechanisms, gregarious, reclusive, loneliness

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that there have been many studies concerning the moralistic and cultural values portrayed within Disney movies, mainly in the areas of racism and sexism, which have resulted in divided opinions among researchers. However, the writer points out that very limited research has been conducted concerning the way that Disney treats disability issues. This essay considers this subject, through a critical analysis of certain animated Disney movies. First, the paper considers the subject's contextual frame, reflecting on the importance of the evaluation of children's viewing and how children are affected by what they watch. The essay then considers the portrayal of different characters in 'Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs', 'Dumbo', 'The Hunchback of Notre Dame' and 'Finding Nemo', deliberating on characterization and perceived attitudes towards disability issues.

Outline:
Introduction
But it's Just a Cartoon
Looking Inside the Mouse
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Over the past seventy years Disney has released hundreds of movies, and cartoons, which address difficult issues pertinent to modern society. Dealing with what it feels like to have to cope with the death of a parent; to have a step-mother that is wicked; to live with a family that is not your own; to be physically abused and/or cruelly treated; the difficulties of having to live with an emotional or physical disability; what it's like to be poor, discriminated against, or to be visibly different from those around you; are all subjects that Disney has tried to tackle to some extent or another since its first conception."

Tags:influence, dwarfs, murder, discrimination

Abstract
This paper looks at stars and their lifecycle of birth, changes, and death, their luminosity, mass, surface temperature, size, and color, the formation of supernovas, white dwarfs, black dwarfs, red giants and black holes. The paper also defines the different types of electromagnetic radiation.

From the Paper
"Light which comes to Earth from the Sun consists of electromagnetic waves composed of streams of photons which are massless particles traveling in a wave-like pattern and moving at the speed of light. (NASA) The electromagnetic spectrum contains waves which range in size from..."

Tags:stars, life cycle

Abstract
In this paper, the writer looks at the approaches Emerson and Thoreau take to social criticism. The writer shows that they share a common dislike of a large society that dwarfs and silences the individual. It then shows that the two authors have many differences in their style of criticism. Whereas Emerson writes to inspire the masses to change and create a better society, Thoreau writes in a less optimistic style, aiming to affect individual readers, so that they might rise above their flawed society rather than be a part of an improved one.

From the Paper
"The two American literary pioneers Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau gave voice to a philosophy of individualism and a mode of life striving to reach something beyond ordinary existence. In fact, the two were close friends, sharing very similar thoughts concerning American life in the 19th century. Thoreau was a neighbor of Emerson's, and for a short time was actually employed by Emerson as a handyman. Emerson played a key role in having Thoreau's early work published both in the Transcendentalist newspaper The Dial (of which Emerson was the editor), as well as to a wider audience."

Tags:critic, critique, cultural, culture, individual, individualism, masses, society, transcendentalism

Abstract
This paper discusses how black holes are created. It studies the ideas of physicist John Mitchell, his discoveries and how Isaac Newton's physics ideas helped lead to his discoveries on black holes. It also covers white dwarfs (stellar corpses), the most famous being Sirius.

From the Paper
"The black hole was first named by the English physicist John Mitchell in 1783, more than two hundred years ago. But what are these black holes? Do they really exist? Based on planet movement studies made by Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler, John Mitchell deduced the existence of a force that made the Sun, the Earth, the Moon and everything contained in the cosmos."

Tags:Tycho, Brahe, Johannes, Kepler, Olaf, R?mer, Frieddrich, Bessel

Abstract
This paper evaluates how the images of women depicted in movies can be excellent indicators of a society's view of women in that time period and how a look at some of Disney's well-known characters can give us insight into the expectations of women at the time each movie was produced. It analyzes the female lead characters from 13 different Disney films, including "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs," "Cinderella," "The Little Mermaid," "Pocahontas," and "Mulan." It explores the themes of rescue, romantic attraction and reaction in times of adversity and shows how the disparity between the Disney heroines prior to 1960 and after 1989 could not be more obvious. The earlier female leads are weak and passive. They depend entirely on others to help save them when in trouble and their major priorities are cooking, cleaning, looking beautiful and waiting for their princes to come. The later female leads are strong and active. They actually play the role of hero and rescuer more frequently than the men.

From the Paper
"Snow White never for a moment considers defying the Evil Queen. She never refuses the chores that are forced upon her, never thinks of running away, and is innocent to the point of naivete. She completely trusts the huntsman who leads her into the woods to kill her, as well as the old woman who gives her the poisoned apple. It is her beauty alone that saves her, compelling the Prince to fall in love with her and kiss her. We have no evidence that she possesses any intelligence, wit, courage, or personal strength, but if she does, they are of no use to her. She is completely dependent on the help of others, and she is very childlike. Her voice is extremely high-pitched, and she runs after the Dwarfs' approval like a small child seeking the approval of her parents."

Tags:alice, beast, beauty, cinderella, feminism, little, mermaid, mulan, pocahontas, sleeping, snow, white, wonderland