Abstract This paper identifies the causes of elder depression, possible treatments for the disease, and proposes a geriatric intervention program that would reduce depression in the elderly population. This type of depression is the often undiagnosed and as a result, under treated. The author defines depression, and details its many different signs, focusing on those that are particularly difficult to detect in the elderly. The author then details the steps that should be taken in treating this disease, including an initial visit to a physician, proper diagnosis, treatment and a carefully monitored medication schedule. The patient should then enter the care of a psychiatrist, or psychologist, preferably with their spouse, or other family members in order to help the person through this difficult period in time. The message that this author hopes to bring to the reader is that the elderly are a unique population, who often suffer from a very common disease, but they need to be treated keeping their special status in mind.
From the Paper "Depression is a persistently sad mood that impairs one's ability to function normally in work, home, or social relationships. A depressed person cannot be cheered up or rid themselves of their mood, any more than they could rid themselves of another medical problem such as diabetes or heart disease. Sometimes the sad mood is obvious; sometimes it takes the form of losing interest and pleasure in usual activities. According to the DSM-IV (1998), symptoms of depression are as follows: (A) Depressed mood for most of the day, for more days than not, as indicated either by subjective account or observation by others, for at least 2 years. (B) Presence, while depressed, of two (or more) of the following: (1) poor appetite or overeating (2) insomnia or hypersomnia (3) low energy or fatigue (4) low self-esteem (5) poor concentration or difficulty making decisions (6) feelings of hopelessness (C) The symptoms are not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition (e.g., hypothyroidism). (D) The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. Despite concrete measures of depression such as those outlined in the DSM-IV (1998), it is difficult to diagnose in the elderly, because depression often has a high comorbidity with other medical illnesses (Miller 1997). Commonly, identifying depression in an elderly individual in conjunction with his or her other ailments presents itself as a challenge to medical professionals and caregivers (Miller 1997)."
Abstract This paper looks at the problem of elder abuse in our society and around the world. It looks at who the victims are, who the perpetrators are, and why it is often hard to prevent elder abuse. Also discussed are measures physicians and social workers can take to help deal with the problem of elder abuse, the ways various state laws deal with the problem, and some recognizable signs of elder abuse.
From the Paper "Due to the innovations in the fields of medicine, science and technology the life expectancy of an average male and female has increased drastically. Many people are living longer and are in a better state of health. However the more old they grow the more they are dependent on others to take care of their needs. This leads to many problems as it exposes a hidden problem known as elder abuse. There are several cases of elder abuse reported every year. Due to the extent of the elder abuse, some of the victims tend to die earlier due to the psychological and physical damage."
Abstract This paper discusses depression in the elderly population. Particularly, the paper analyzes whether the factors that lead to an increase in or relief from depression in the elderly be used to help the elderly. The paper discusses depression in general and then specifically focuses on the elderly population and the effects of depression on that group.
From the Paper "Depression in the Elderly Introduction Depression is common among elderly adults that almost one-half of all elderly people suffer from it, and it affects quality and length of life, as well as care costs (Loughlin, 2004). Depression can range from mild to major, but the elderly will benefit if they receive treatment quickly. However, treatment works best when certain factors related to either an increase or a decrease of depression are taken into account (Loughlin, 2004; Zalon, 2004). This literature review has the research question: how can the factors that lead to an increase in or relief from depression in the elderly be used to help the elderly?"
Abstract In this article, the writer discusses the hydration of elderly patients. Attention is given to problems, programming, and evaluation in this paper. The issue of artificial nutrition and hydration is also presented. The paper offers an in-depth study as to the problems encountered when preventing dehydration of elderly patients and ways to prevent dehydration.
From the Paper "Growing old in any country, albeit America, Europe or the Far East, is not a cultural or medical factor that can be explained simply on the basis of one's chronological age. To ignore that which afflicts the elderly as simply a result of age evidences disrespect for those who have helped to enrich our very lives. Untreated illness in the elderly prevents the individual from enjoying the quality of life that younger people themselves take for granted. Avoiding care regimens for our elderly population, especially those confined to nursing homes or those who are remiss and unable to fully take care of themselves, is a mark against civility. The elderly who are forced to live a life unprotected and untreated with respect to basic wellness needs leave us an empty legacy."
Abstract This paper looks at how the elderly experience certain identifiable and particular stress factors and vulnerabilities in the face of natural disasters. More specifically, the paper discusses the central factors that affect emotional and psychological stress in the elderly in the event of natural disasters. The paper concludes that natural disasters can increase and exacerbate stress and anxiety in the elderly and possibly lead to serious psychological issues.
From the Paper "Depression in seniors often is hidden within psychosomatic complaints--in other words, masked under the guise of physical conditions such as backaches, stomachaches, headaches, or even insomnia. However, seniors, also, like young adults with depression, can complain of feeling sad, losing interest in fun activities, or losing their appetite for food as well as sex. These patients complain of anxiety and sleep disturbance along with their sad feelings. Whether an individual comes in with somatic complaints or clear-cut depressive features, there is a definite generational difference in the way people perceive depression. Part of the treatment has to do with convincing the patient that depression is a true illness--nothing to feel guilty about. ("Fighting Depression in Senior," 1994)"
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that elder abuse is observed at all social, economic and educational levels. The writer discusses that the problem is not only widespread, but is also increasing because of a rapidly aging population. The writer points out that elder abuse occurs in homes for the aged, nursing homes, in extended care facilities, and especially in the community where family members care for aging relatives. The writer maintains that as the government has moved health care more into the community, caregivers who are very often older women are expected to work under the worst possible conditions. The writer notes that elder abuse is a hidden crime and the victims are the most vulnerable people in society.
Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Target Group
Implementation
From the Paper "Research indicates that as many as ten percent of elderly people are abused. Situations of elder abuse do not always have risk factors but, thus far, five risk factors for abuse have been identified. Older people with dementia are more likely to be abused than any other elders because their behavior causes caregiver stress. Social isolation of victims and caregivers increases stress and removes social controls to prevent abuse. Mental illness in the caregiver, especially in combination with substance abuse, is a significant risk factor. Depression in the caregiver, especially if combined with alcohol abuse, is another important risk factor. Dependency is the other significant risk factor. The abuser can be very dependent on the victim for their substantial financial resources."
Abstract This paper briefly discusses an argument between Socrates and Cephalus regarding the happiness of the elderly, which takes place in the first chapter of "The Republic" it shows how these philosophers quickly conclude that while wealth may offer some comfort; it takes more than wealth to make an elderly person happy.
From the Paper "From there, the subject quickly turns to justice. Polemarchus initially posits justice as giving a man that which he deserves. Through a series of very clever manipulations, however, Socrates befuddles Polemarchus and concludes before his auditors that the just man is a thief.
Thrasymachus, silent until now, suddenly bursts into the debate, angry with Polemarchus for yielding too easily but even more so with Socrates for his "ironic style." After his accusations have been answered, Thrasymachus poses his own definition of justice: the interest of the stronger. Both terms of this definition are quickly brought into question, and, enraged, Thrasymachus unleashes a long argument, asserting that injustice benefits the ruler absolutely. Socrates, composed as ever, refutes him, offering true rule as just rule, for it is conducive to harmony, unity, and strength."
Abstract This paper focuses on healthcare provision for the elderly. It analyzes the fact that while the current health care changes are restructuring the system they're not focusing on the largest segment of the population-the elderly, which needs the most health care.
Abstract This paper discusses the incidence and type of elder abuse common in the United States. The paper reviews literature and describes its importance to social work. The paper also identifies outside issues relevant to the problem .
From the Paper "The purpose of this research paper is to identify issues relevant to the problem of elder neglect and abuse in the United States. This is a problem according to Tatara which impacts upon approximately ...."
Tags:elder abuse, elder neglect, social work, public policy
Abstract This paper discusses the implications of the high proportion of America's elderly who live in poverty, leading to a lack of affordable housing and inadequate nutrition that exacerbate existing medical problems causing new ones. The author points out that gaps in Medicare coverage does not cover health needs such as preventive healthcare, dental care and long-term care and that premiums, co-pays and deductibles are out of reach of the elderly poor. The paper relates that malnutrition results in longer hospital stays for patients and adds to the nation's growing healthcare costs; a solution must be found.
From the Paper "The elderly population is growing rapidly both in the United States and worldwide. The U. S. Census Bureau predicts that by one-fifth of Americans will be over the age of ... The most dramatic change is in the number of people over the age of ... years. Two thirds of ..."
Abstract The paper evaluates the ethical significance of pain medication in the treatment of elderly patients with chronic or terminal illnesses. The paper discusses that it is often the case that pain medication is withheld from elderly patients for a variety of reasons, and this often complicates matters in many different ways, which often interferes with personal wishes and needs.
From the Paper "In today's society, it is critical that elderly persons, which comprise a substantial portion of the population, are cared for and treated with the respect that they deserve, which includes the ability of professional caregivers and medical personnel to provide the means that are necessary to sustain an acceptable quality of life. During this stage, chronic illness and gradual decline is prevalent and therefore, many medical problems require medication to maintain control of these illnesses. Unfortunately, many elderly persons are not cared for properly during these years, as it is believed by many that their families possess a tendency to neglect them for a variety of reasons and their caregivers are either oblivious to this fact or do not make any attempts to provide the appropriate care."
Abstract This is a paper examines a health assessment of an elderly individual, including the choice of assessment tools, and the outcome and case presentation. Here, a 78 year old male with type two diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity and high cholesterol presented for a wound that did not heal properly. The assessment and decision for case management and the presentation on case management was based on the Neumann Systems Model which is a holistically based model calling for an interdisciplinary team.
From the Paper "Case Management and the Elderly: Case management is rapidly becoming a requirement for the growing population of elderly individuals who experience a chronic or debilitating health issue. This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of a 78 year old male diabetic patient who presented to a community clinic setting for problems related to a wound that was not healing properly and discusses the various assessments used and the role of case management. The case presentation will incorporate the comprehensive nature of health assessment requirements for the elderly consistent with the holistic nature of the Neumann Systems Model. Based on the case presentation, the need for a case manager and the development of a multi-disciplinary team of healthcare professionals in the community health setting are required. Plans for follow-up and continuity of care are provided as are schedules and type of monitoring and future evaluations."
Abstract This paper examines how today, the perspectives of old age have changed considerably and how medical innovation, social developments and changing perceptions about old age are changing what is involved in being elderly in today's society. It looks at how the quality of life of the elderly depends greatly on their access to the services that allow them the greatest potential for maintaining and enhancing their quality of life.
Outline
Introduction
Physical Care and Development
Social Care
Emotional
Spiritual
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "This is also the stage of one's life that a person contemplates the purpose of one's life and the implications of one's actions. Thus, spiritual support becomes essential to many individuals. Programs that support the spiritual needs are initiated by religious affiliations but community and social support can enhance the access to these channels. Some religious groups sponsor recreation centers and support groups for their members to ensure their access to spiritual services (Caring for the Elderly)."
Tags:elderly, wellbeing, socialization, rehabilitation, community
Abstract A paper on the physical and emotional changes in the elderly and how they may be dealt with. The paper explores how depression is a prevalent mental health problem among older persons living both in the community and in nursing homes.
Abstract This paper explores the incidence of alcoholism and prescription drug abuse among the elderly. It examines why it occurs and how it is exacerbated. In addition, the paper explores things that are being done to try and treat the problem, both individually and as a society.
From the Paper "Alcoholism and prescription medication abuse are increasing among the elderly. As isolation, health problems, and depression continue to affect this population the problem of alcohol and pill abuse will continue. Programs to educate the elderly and provide social stimulation for them are being used to combat the issues. Future studies will be able to determine their effectiveness and plan continued treatment."
