Abstract
Graduated compression stockings are widely used to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT), but their use in clinical practice is variable and is usually not as effective as research suggests. This paper discusses the most appropriate nursing intervention to prevent the incidence of deep vein thrombosis among postoperative elderly patients with hip fracture by reviewing three articles consisting of quantitative, qualitative, and systematic research. Using specific criteria to assess each article, the paper determines which article is the most useful.

Outline:
Relevance and Significance
Summary of Evidence
Research Problem
Purpose
The Studies
Qualitative
Quantitative
Systematic
Implications for Practice
Strategies to Change Practice
Appendix A
Appendix B

From the Paper
"The American Nurses Association (2006) conducted a systematic study where the focused research question was: Are graduated compression stockings effective for the prevention of DVT? The criteria were that definite conclusions about effectiveness had to be possible. The criteria were appropriate and clear since samples had to be large and below-knee stockings evaluated. It is not likely any relevant studies were missed since the research was done by the American Nurses Association (2006) to guide practice. The validity was carefully appraised to the extent that all the studies were discarded. The results were not similar. They were divided into two groups: stockings versus no stockings and stockings combined with another preventive measure. It was the difference between studies that caused the problem. "

Tags:compression, stockings

Abstract
The paper asserts that the most important role of the nurse is to establish social contact with the elderly client. The paper explains that due to the fear and isolation that poverty brings to elderly women, social contact is critical and it is through social interaction that elderly clients regain trust, let go of their fear and find ways to seek medical treatment. The paper emphasizes that isolation and poverty are the two biggest killers of elderly women and the function of community health initiatives is to combat these killers.

From the Paper
"In chapter one of her book "Community Health Nursing in Canada", Stranhope defines the practice of nursing at the community level as a way of working one on one with people who otherwise would not receive the proper health care. Community nursing is more than that though--it is a lifeline for the impoverished. Many times contact with the community health nurse is the only contact a person has with other people. This is especially true when it comes to the elderly who in poverty find themselves shut in out of fear and lack of personal funding (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2005, pp. 7-13). According to the worldbank.org "Poverty is hunger. Poverty is lack of...""

Tags:elderly, women, poverty

Abstract
This paper discusses depression in the elderly population. Particularly, the paper analyzes whether the factors that lead to an increase in or relief from depression in the elderly be used to help the elderly. The paper discusses depression in general and then specifically focuses on the elderly population and the effects of depression on that group.

From the Paper
"Depression in the Elderly Introduction Depression is common among elderly adults that almost one-half of all elderly people suffer from it, and it affects quality and length of life, as well as care costs (Loughlin, 2004). Depression can range from mild to major, but the elderly will benefit if they receive treatment quickly. However, treatment works best when certain factors related to either an increase or a decrease of depression are taken into account (Loughlin, 2004; Zalon, 2004). This literature review has the research question: how can the factors that lead to an increase in or relief from depression in the elderly be used to help the elderly?"

Tags:depression, elderly, factors

Abstract
This paper looks at how the elderly experience certain identifiable and particular stress factors and vulnerabilities in the face of natural disasters. More specifically, the paper discusses the central factors that affect emotional and psychological stress in the elderly in the event of natural disasters. The paper concludes that natural disasters can increase and exacerbate stress and anxiety in the elderly and possibly lead to serious psychological issues.

From the Paper
"Depression in seniors often is hidden within psychosomatic complaints--in other words, masked under the guise of physical conditions such as backaches, stomachaches, headaches, or even insomnia. However, seniors, also, like young adults with depression, can complain of feeling sad, losing interest in fun activities, or losing their appetite for food as well as sex. These patients complain of anxiety and sleep disturbance along with their sad feelings. Whether an individual comes in with somatic complaints or clear-cut depressive features, there is a definite generational difference in the way people perceive depression. Part of the treatment has to do with convincing the patient that depression is a true illness--nothing to feel guilty about. ("Fighting Depression in Senior," 1994)"

Tags:depression, elderly, senior, citizens, pschosomatic, illness, older, adults, psychiatric, problems

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses the hydration of elderly patients. Attention is given to problems, programming, and evaluation in this paper. The issue of artificial nutrition and hydration is also presented. The paper offers an in-depth study as to the problems encountered when preventing dehydration of elderly patients and ways to prevent dehydration.

From the Paper
"Growing old in any country, albeit America, Europe or the Far East, is not a cultural or medical factor that can be explained simply on the basis of one's chronological age. To ignore that which afflicts the elderly as simply a result of age evidences disrespect for those who have helped to enrich our very lives. Untreated illness in the elderly prevents the individual from enjoying the quality of life that younger people themselves take for granted. Avoiding care regimens for our elderly population, especially those confined to nursing homes or those who are remiss and unable to fully take care of themselves, is a mark against civility. The elderly who are forced to live a life unprotected and untreated with respect to basic wellness needs leave us an empty legacy."

Tags:elderly, hydration, programming

Abstract
This is a paper examines a health assessment of an elderly individual, including the choice of assessment tools, and the outcome and case presentation. Here, a 78 year old male with type two diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity and high cholesterol presented for a wound that did not heal properly. The assessment and decision for case management and the presentation on case management was based on the Neumann Systems Model which is a holistically based model calling for an interdisciplinary team.

From the Paper
"Case Management and the Elderly: Case management is rapidly becoming a requirement for the growing population of elderly individuals who experience a chronic or debilitating health issue. This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of a 78 year old male diabetic patient who presented to a community clinic setting for problems related to a wound that was not healing properly and discusses the various assessments used and the role of case management. The case presentation will incorporate the comprehensive nature of health assessment requirements for the elderly consistent with the holistic nature of the Neumann Systems Model. Based on the case presentation, the need for a case manager and the development of a multi-disciplinary team of healthcare professionals in the community health setting are required. Plans for follow-up and continuity of care are provided as are schedules and type of monitoring and future evaluations."

Tags:elderly, case, assessment

Abstract
The paper evaluates the ethical significance of pain medication in the treatment of elderly patients with chronic or terminal illnesses. The paper discusses that it is often the case that pain medication is withheld from elderly patients for a variety of reasons, and this often complicates matters in many different ways, which often interferes with personal wishes and needs.

From the Paper
"In today's society, it is critical that elderly persons, which comprise a substantial portion of the population, are cared for and treated with the respect that they deserve, which includes the ability of professional caregivers and medical personnel to provide the means that are necessary to sustain an acceptable quality of life. During this stage, chronic illness and gradual decline is prevalent and therefore, many medical problems require medication to maintain control of these illnesses. Unfortunately, many elderly persons are not cared for properly during these years, as it is believed by many that their families possess a tendency to neglect them for a variety of reasons and their caregivers are either oblivious to this fact or do not make any attempts to provide the appropriate care."

Tags:pain, medication, elderly

Abstract
This paper focuses on healthcare provision for the elderly. It analyzes the fact that while the current health care changes are restructuring the system they're not focusing on the largest segment of the population-the elderly, which needs the most health care.

Tags:access, healthcare, elderly

Abstract
This paper briefly discusses an argument between Socrates and Cephalus regarding the happiness of the elderly, which takes place in the first chapter of "The Republic" it shows how these philosophers quickly conclude that while wealth may offer some comfort; it takes more than wealth to make an elderly person happy.

From the Paper
"From there, the subject quickly turns to justice. Polemarchus initially posits justice as giving a man that which he deserves. Through a series of very clever manipulations, however, Socrates befuddles Polemarchus and concludes before his auditors that the just man is a thief.
Thrasymachus, silent until now, suddenly bursts into the debate, angry with Polemarchus for yielding too easily but even more so with Socrates for his "ironic style." After his accusations have been answered, Thrasymachus poses his own definition of justice: the interest of the stronger. Both terms of this definition are quickly brought into question, and, enraged, Thrasymachus unleashes a long argument, asserting that injustice benefits the ruler absolutely. Socrates, composed as ever, refutes him, offering true rule as just rule, for it is conducive to harmony, unity, and strength."

Tags:justice, elderly, wealth

Abstract
This paper discusses the implications of the high proportion of America's elderly who live in poverty, leading to a lack of affordable housing and inadequate nutrition that exacerbate existing medical problems causing new ones. The author points out that gaps in Medicare coverage does not cover health needs such as preventive healthcare, dental care and long-term care and that premiums, co-pays and deductibles are out of reach of the elderly poor. The paper relates that malnutrition results in longer hospital stays for patients and adds to the nation's growing healthcare costs; a solution must be found.

From the Paper
"The elderly population is growing rapidly both in the United States and worldwide. The U. S. Census Bureau predicts that by one-fifth of Americans will be over the age of ... The most dramatic change is in the number of people over the age of ... years. Two thirds of ..."

Tags:elderly poor, poverty, malnutrition, undernourished, food security