Abstract
This paper explores the creation of the Dutch and Portugese maritime empires, attempting to understand the primary impetus. The author maintains that in both the Dutch and Portuguese cases, means-not motivation-was the major factor in determining the creation and form of the countries' respective empires.
The Portuguese Maritime Empire in Monsoon Asia (1498-1825)
The Dutch Maritime Empire (1400-1800)
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In the first stages of imperial expansion, means is more important than motivation. Some empires, such as the Dutch (though not the Portuguese), have a pre-imperialist phase of expansion in which this is particularly true. In this earliest stag, the country is simply trying to preserve the status quo, as the Dutch were trying to preserve their access to spices at the end of the 16th century. Without planning to, they lay the groundwork for imperialism-in the Dutch case, by consolidating trade under the VOC and forming alliances with Asian leaders not already allied with the Portuguese. Only when the necessary means for empire materialize does the country opportunistically and imperialistically expand."

Tags:dutch, empire, history, imperialism, maritime, netherlands, politics, portugal, portuguese

Abstract
The following paper will look at the Japanese occupation of Indonesia in the period 1942-45. Specifically, the paper will look at how the arrival of the Japanese clearly spelled the end of the ancient colonial rule of the Dutch; in that regard, it really meant the end of the silly and quaint notion that Caucasians were somehow superior to those of darker skin. The paper will then look at the Japanese's acknowledgement of Indonesian nationalism (which may, ultimately, have proved a mistake) and at the Japanese administration's relatively enlightened treatment of the Mataram Dynasty in Java; the set of precepts set down for the princes during this period reflects a military administration smart enough to know that it had enough global enemies and did not need any more. The essay will subsequently glance at how the Japanese sought to win over the support of the kikayi and the ulama through aggressive education programs and some comments will be made about the unintended positive benefits which derived from the repressive Japanese occupation. Last of all, the paper will address the question of why the Japanese, who do not appear to have been any more brutal in their own way than the Dutch were in theirs (and had the added benefit of being Asian) never quite managed to gain the grudging tolerance of the Indonesian people. In the final analysis, two things will emerge from this paper: the Japanese were more enlightened in Indonesia than one might expect; and, just as significantly, they were never going to (within the time-span of the Second World War) gain complete acceptance in Indonesia - no matter how many concessions they granted to the Mataram dynasty - because they were a horde of conquerors from abroad simply doing what the Dutch had already done.

From the Paper
The Japanese Occupation of Indonesia in 1942-45 and why the Japanese Never Win the Struggle for Hearts and Minds despite Freeing Indonesia from Dutch Control The following paper will look at the Japanese occupation of Indonesia in the period 1942-45. Specifically, the paper will look at how the arrival of the Japanese clearly spelled the end of the ancient colonial rule of the Dutch; in that regard, it really meant the end of the silly and quaint notion that Caucasians were somehow superior to those of darker skin. The paper will then look at the Japanese's acknowledgement of Indonesian nationalism (which may, ultimately, have proved a mistake) and at the

Tags:indonesia, dutch, japanese

Abstract
This document discusses the Royal Dutch/Shell Corporation as it relates to its organizational structure. The topic of the paper discusses is the reorganization Royal Dutch/Shell underwent during the mid-1990s when it ended its matrix organizational model in lieu of one based on divisional lines. This new structure was a response to the global economies new demands on corporate strategy that found companies being forced to respond to competitive market forces around the globe where previously these pressured did not exist.

From the Paper
"Royal Dutch/Shell (Royal) benefited greatly from its matrix organizational structure in that the matrix structure aligned neatly with its core business strategies. As the case points out, the petroleum industry is characterized by long-term business decisions being made on a daily basis for which the outcome of those decisions may not be fully known or understood for many years. Thus, the oversight of the dual executive management ensured that such long-term decisions would never be taken lightly and that they would, in all cases be weighed within the context of the local and regional environment as well as the strategic health of the company as a whole. Yet, one of the major negatives of such a structure is that decision-making becomes a lengthy process and the company in question cannot respond to market forces in an agile manner."

Tags:royal, dutch, shell

Abstract
The English and the Dutch fought three wars in the seventeenth century of which the first two were about trade and the third about King Charles II and his attempts to gain power. This essay outlines these wars and the impact they had on the trade, politics and religion of Europe at that time. It also allows us to understand better the motives and drive behind the English king engaging in various treaties, alliances and of course battle. Great detail is paid to historical fact.

From the Paper
"The Dutch naval wars have been viewed as having lesser historical importance than many other events of the same time period, such as the English civil wars and the restoration of Charles II. However, these wars had a great impact on the trade, politics and religion of seventeenth century Europe. Three wars were fought between England and the Dutch Republic, the first two about trade. The third war, on which focus has been aimed, dealt with the monarch of England, Charles II, and his attempts to gain power. The third Dutch naval war failed to enhance Charles II's power because the war went badly and caused the treaty of Dover to backfire."

Tags:Charles, Dutch, England, history, naval, navy, war

Abstract
This paper analyzes 17th century Dutch art and reviews the book "The Art of Describing, Dutch Art in the Seventeenth Century," written by Svetlana Alpers. The paper discusses Alpers' assertion that Dutch visual culture needs to be examined more closely in order to better understand the Dutch genre in its own terms. It briefly discusses the origins and technique of Dutch art.

From the Paper
"Was it the influence of Baconian philosophy or new excitement over technology and exploration...or simply a grounded earthy pragmatism the Dutch environment encouraged? Alpers exhaustively-researched book invites one to ponder not simply on the art but the people who place such emphasis on individuals and things. A closeness and fondness for the overlooked or underappreciated is in these works, an empathy that suddenly seems badly missing in Italian art. Not every facet of Alpers book succeeds; lengthy translations and unexpected foreign phrases complicate an already excessively complex academic text. Still one finds surprising anecdotal humor and a refreshingly allegory-free people in the Dutch - and a feeling that Alpers may be winning the argument for deeper meaning behind the elegant brushwork!"

Tags:brushwork, foreign, Renaissance

Abstract
This paper begins by discussing the historical, social, political, and economic context of the Dutch homeland and some reasons why the Dutch came to the United States. It then provides a cultural sketch of the people, their values, beliefs, religion, and traditions. It looks at some of the experiences the Dutch had upon their arrival in America and how their experiences have changed over time. The paper, finally, discusses how the Dutch were viewed by the dominant culture and how they are viewed now.

From the Paper
"The Dutch East India Company in the vessel De Have Maen, which was led by their English Captain Hudson, were the first to lay anchor at Sandy Hook, and then they sailed up to what is now the Hudson River. The Captain was trying to find a short route to Asia and the East Indies, after crossing the portion that is now known as Albany, but on realization that this part of the water was no longer as salty as it was expected to be and that it also became narrower, Captain Hudson decided to return back to England. But this did not intimidate the Dutch traders and this did not hold them back to explore the land and exploit the abundant riches available here. Later in 1614 the Netherlands States-General gave permission to 13 Dutch businessmen to set up their business in Fort Nassau that then became the second European settlement in America. (DeLong, 1975)"

Tags:culture, holland, land, poverty, religion, netherlands

Abstract
This paper covers some of the influences on the foods and cooking of the Pennsylvania Dutch and discusses some of the region's most popular dishes and specialties. It explains that the Pennsylvania Dutch inhabit rural areas of southeastern Pennsylvania. Their cooking is a unique blend of their lifestyle, history, culture, and local influences. It shows how the Pennsylvania Dutch are not Dutch at all; they are really German immigrants who brought many food traditions with them when they immigrated to America.

From the Paper
"While there are Amish and Mennonite settlements in several U.S. states, the heaviest concentration is located in southeastern Pennsylvania, hence the term Pennsylvania Dutch, which includes all people of the area. This area of Pennsylvania is covered with gently rolling hills and rich earth, and it is the perfect place for farmers, which the Pennsylvania Dutch are. Cookbook author Betty Groff wrote of the farms of the area, "Their vegetable and flower gardens are so lush and immaculate that they could be mistaken for a horticultural college's test plots" (Groff 2). This lush farmland led to the development of a rich agricultural heritage, and many of the items grown end up on the family table for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Another expert on the Dutch writes, "In 1799 Thomas Hill described the Pennsylvania Dutch farmers as 'the most early rising, hard working people I ever saw.' Many of them, especially the 'plain people,' are still that. They have never been afraid of hard work or of getting their hands dirty" (Klees 192)."

Tags:amish, culinary, cooking

Abstract
This ten-page undergraduate paper examines and analyzes images of the domestic heroine and the love-sick maiden in Dutch seventeenth century painting. Domesticity and female complaints are contrasted as they are presented in selected works by seventeenth century Dutch genre painters such as De Hooch, Steen, Maes, and Vermeer.

Abstract
This essay examines the first contact experience between the Cape (the Dutch and the slaves) and the indigenous Africans (primarily the Khoisan and Khoikhoi). It sees the contact as permeated by conflict and exploitation (on the part of the Dutch).

Abstract
This paper concentrates on Dutch policy and diplomacy between 1568 and 1648, military organization and innovation and actual outcomes. It concludes that the Dutch successfully employed the military to secure their independence and rise to commercial dominance.