Abstract This paper examines how during his reign, the medieval emperor Charlemagne came to dominate Europe and create an empire of a scale not seen since classical times. It looks at how he created a renaissance of learning, the arts and culture in Europe. It analyses how the empire was achieved through a number of important military victories and how after the death of Charlemagne it became quickly divided and fragmented. It puts forward the argument that his educational and cultural achievements were greater and more durable than his military and political achievements even though his educational and cultural achievements were often fundamentally dependent on or instrumental in his military and political coups.
From the Paper "Charlemagne instilled a great deal of importance in historical texts. He realised the importance of annals and other historical texts in creating a sense of history and of collective national identity. It was very important to build up texts of the history of the Carolingians as part of the empire's pursuit of legitimacy. An example of an historical text which had a clear political impact and related strongly to Charlemagne's military achievements was Paul the Deacon's "Hisotira Langobardorum". This was a history of Lombardy. According to Mckitterick this history was ?an active contribution to the shaping of Frankish and Lombard relations.? This work actively portrayed the Carolingians as natural heirs to Lombardy."
Abstract This paper explains that ethical implications surrounding a person's right to die are challenging even when that person has made clear his or her express wish to withhold medical treatment, as with Durable Medical Power of Attorney. The paper then discusses these implications by examining the ethical theories of Kant, Smith, and Mill that speak directly to the intrinsic value of the self, of happiness, and of pleasure.
From the Paper "In healthcare the decision whether or not to allow a patient to die can present the most acute of moral dilemmas. In many instances the patient expressly declares his wish to refuse medical treatment-to be allowed to die-in the event that his or her breathing or heart stop. In these cases the ailing party can ascribe Durable Medical Power of Attorney to a loved one entrusting that person to act in his or her stead and ensure that the hospital staff withholds the specified treatment."
Tags: utilitarianism, kant, smith, ethics of duty, j.s. mill, durable medical power of attorney, prima facie ethics, deontology
Abstract The paper discusses the belief that the self is relatively durable, that it remains in some essential way the same over time. The paper explores how Haffner and Delbo call this common assumption into question. The paper discusses Delbo's horrific account of her experience in Nazi concentration camps and Haffner's narrative of the Third Reich. The paper shows how these two authors impact our understanding of the self, suggesting that the self lacks many of the qualities we may have assumed it to have.
From the Paper "Our understanding of the self varies from person to person. However, many people would agree that the self is relatively durable, some kind of fixed entity that reacts to external circumstances, based on a set of moral values, which remains in some essential way the same over time. We reminisce about the past, and think thoughts such as "I was really young and stupid back then" - but although this kind of thought acknowledges the changes we have undergone, it nevertheless implies that the "I" is still essentially the same. In other words, the self is durable."
Abstract The paper analyzes the connection between Girl Scouts and the eight dimensions of quality: performance, features, reliability, conformance, durability, serviceability, aesthetics and perceived quality. The paper explains that these eight dimensions of quality stand for the primary goals of achieving girls' intellectual development, social integration and successful life through aiding the communities and respecting all standards and regulations.
From the Paper "Scout movements were first organized exclusively for boys, but eventually a scout movement for girls was initiated as well. In their beginnings, the Girl Scouts divided the members based on race, religion and other social criteria. Today however, all participants are treated equally and work together, the organization being present in about 150 countries. The primary aim of the Girl Scouts programs is to assist the youth in their social and intellectual developments, to aid them integrate within the society and become worthy individuals."
A paper which assesses the reasons for the successes and failures of the Ford Motor Company, according to Collins and Porras? text "12 Myths of Successful Businesses" in their book on the subject.
Abstract According to the book "Built To Last: Successful Habits of Visionary Companies by James Collins and Jerry Porras", the Ford Motor Company is one of the paradigmatic examples of successful enterprise in the American automobile industry. Like the image it has projected of its automobiles, the firm itself is a model of durability and consistency. This paper examines the reasons for the successes and some of the failures of the company according to the principles outlined in Collins and Porras? text, what they call their "12 Myths of Successful Businesses", that are outlined and exploded over the course of the book's analysis.
From the Paper "Ford Motors company has produced products that have changed not only the automobile industry but American corporate and popular culture as a whole, including such models as the Model T of the first half of the 20th century and later the Mustang. (Collins and Porras pp. 2-4) ?Innovate, Motivate, Lead,? proclaims the corporate slogan of Ford upon its 100th anniversary as a company. The company pioneered the "assembly line" system of automobile manufacturing. In this system, the parts and vehicles themselves moved rather the individuals doing the manufacturing. This system enabled the company to manufacture the first automobile, known as the Model T, which was affordable and accessible on a mass scale to ordinary American families."
Tags: 1958, edsel, mustang, chrysler, 1949, lincoln
Abstract The following paper examines whether a retailer, specifically - TV World Ltd. is reliable for faulty tv sets, under the Sale of Goods Act 1979. The writer discusses the case study presented where TV World Ltd., a retail business, advertised a new 28 inch stereo television with teletext. The paper continues to examine how Ms. Hardy bought the television set for ?300 but after a month it broke down. This paper asserts that Ms. Hardy signed a clause in the sales contract excluding liability under the Sale of Goods Act. The writer looks at a number of points had to be considered before establishing Ms. Hardy's legal position. .
From the Paper "Under section 12 of the Sale of Goods Act 1979 we can see that the TV World Ltd does have the right to sell the television in question. Section 13 ascertains that there is an implied condition that the goods will correspond with the description. Although Ms Hardy saw the TV in operation before he bought it, we can say that it was still bought by description as she was relying on the TV being a stereo model as described. TV World Ltd argues that as Ms Hardy should have realised that it was not a stereo model as she watched the set in the store. As Ms Hardy is just a consumer, she cannot be an expert in televisions and therefore it would be unfair to say that she should have known. We can see this in Beal v Taylor (1967) 3 ALL ER 253 where the plaintiff had inspected the car before she bought but later realised that it was an earlier model. The Court of Appeal held that the plaintiff was entitled to damages for breach of section 13 as she had relied on the description contained in the advertisement. Similar facts are found in the present situation and the goods have not corresponded to their description so TV World Ltd has breached section 13."
From the Paper "Introduction
The most important use of asphalt today is in road construction (Zakar 148). When it has been properly mixed with the correct aggregate material it becomes highly suitable for all kinds of pavement applications. It is also widely used to prepare the base of roads.
Asphalt road construction is multi-layered in form. The subgrade layer is itself covered by a base cover upon which is laid a final coating. Early classical base courses consisted of a handmade, packed layer which was then graveled. Later this technique of construction was replaced, on a global basis, by a flexible asphalt layer in which asphalt gravel or sand asphalt had been mixed (Ibid. 149).
Asphalt as a road construction and/or road repair solution..."
A looka at the use and effectiveness, quality, dangers, examples, getting attention, role in consumer comprehension, target audiences and ad durability.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 6 sources, 1994, $ 39.95
From the Paper "Humor in Advertsing
This paper will examine the use and effectiveness of humor in advertising. Specifically, the paper will discuss the ways in which humor increases or decreases the effectiveness of advertisements and whether specific types of products, services and humor affect the effectiveness of humor in advertisements.
Advertising executives generally consider humor to be a powerful sales tool. The Radio Advertising Bureau, for instance, uses humor as one of its criteria in awarding its "Chassie" awards for most effective advertisements.1 But advertisers commonly make the mistake of using humor for the sake of using humor. Stan Freberg, a humorist, satirist and advertising icon advocates the use of entertainment and humor in advertising, but with a caveat..."
Examines reasons for contracts, written vs. oral, employment, torts, liability, patents, licensing, trade secrets, patents and durability. Includes a table of contents.
3,150 words (approx. 12.6 pages), 7 sources, 1995, $ 111.95
From the Paper "Table of Contents
Introduction .
Reasons for Contracts .
Written vs. Oral Contracts .
Employment Contracts .
Enforceability of Employment Contracts .
Torts .
Torts vs. Contracts .
Reasons for Torts .
Patents .
Assignability .
Licensing .
Trade Secrets .
Patents vs. Trade Secrets .
Durability of Contracts .
Standard Contracts .
Conclusion .
Bibliography .
Introduction
Commercial (or business) law provides the framework in which most business transactions take place. Some common practices, such as the issuing of purchase orders and invoices have taken on legal as well as financial characteristics, and companies as well as individuals have discovered that today's environment demands at least a passing knowledge of the legal environment in which companies operate. While the business or technical professional is ill-advised to take on serious legal matters without consulting an attorney, it is necessary for these individuals to have a passing knowledge of the legal environment in which they operate. In this way, they can ..."
Abstract The paper looks at how polyethylene, polypropylene and other plastics have revolutionised the sporting equipment industry. It discusses several sports where plastics and composites have contributed to more light-weight, durable equipment, citing examples such as golf balls, boats and skis.
From the Paper "The advance of technology led to the creation of ultra-lightweight tennis rackets in 1999 (Dusek, 1999). Tennis rackets now weigh less than a can of tennis balls. Exceptionally stiff, high-modulus graphites, innovative designs, and titanium, are allowing racket makers to create ever-lighter frames. Titanium has also been used in strings and in tennis balls. Twenty years ago, a racket weighed about 13 ounces. In 1999 it was 10.2 ounces. One titanium racket weighs only 7.6 ounces. Design changes such as wide bodies and long bodies, shifting the weight from the handle to the head to move the sweet spot towards the top of the head of the racket have all changed the way the game is played. Space-age materials are being used in different areas of the head to reduce torque and shock for advanced players."
Abstract This paper discusses how American religious history has been marked by recurrent episodes of Protestant revivalism, some local, some widespread. Two of the later, in the first halves of the 18th and 19th centuries respectively, were so widespread as to have been given historical names, the First and Second Great Awakenings. It examines the social conditions surrounding the spread of the first two Great Awakenings and how they varied widely from region to region. This essay concerns the circumstances of the first in Virginia and the second in Rochester, New York. It explains the wave of revivalism in Virginia is more difficult to explain, even though it seems to have had a more durable result, at least in the religious beliefs of the region involved.
From the Paper "American religious history has been marked by recurrent episodes of Protestant revivalism, some local, some widespread. Two of the later, in the first halves of the 18th and 19th centuries respectively, were so widespread as to have been given historical names, the First and Second Great Awakenings. (Some present-day evangelicals speak of a Third Great Awakening in recent times.) The social conditions surrounding the spread of the first two Great Awakenings varied widely from region to region. This essay concerns the circumstances of the first in Virginia and the second in Rochester, New York; it will be found that the wave of revivalism in Virginia is more difficult to explain, even though it seems to have had a more durable result, at least in the religious beliefs of the region involved.
Colonial Virginia, as presented by Rhys Isaac in The Transformation of Virginia, was an almost purely rural society, and remained such throughout the late colonial period that is the focus of his study. Even though its economy was closely bound up with commerce, specifically the tobacco trade, the geography lent itself to easy water transport. Tobacco could be shipped directly from plantations, so there was little growth of towns as transshipment points."
Abstract Richard Cavell tackles one of the all-time greats of communication theory in his article on ?McLuhan and Spatial Communication.? The paper explains that Marshall McLuhan was one of the great prophets (some would say charlatans) of early communication theory. For a long time he was one of one of the only celebrities of the field and toured wildly to give his opinions on the subject. They were certainly opinions worth hearing, for he had some remarkably new and insightful things to say about media, communication, and the way in which technology affects human development. The paper shows, however, that within the scope of his own lifetime, he went from spokesman to outcast and academia widely turned against him. Before his death his saw the school he had founded shut down and his work widely discredited. Since the rise of the Internet, however, the development of other, new forms of entertainment and media, McLuhanism has enjoyed something of an academic comeback. It is with this background in mind that the paper approaches Cavell's work on McLuhan, for much of his essay deals with presenting an explanation for McLuhan's disenfranchisement from and eventual re-adoption by the academic community. According to Cavell's central thesis, McLuhan's anomalous position and his lasting durability within the field of communications theory both spring from his ?elaboration of a spatial model of communication... based on the notion of acoustic space... situated within the spatial bias of postmodernist thought.?
From the Paper "Cavell's failure to bring up the way in which McLuhan's theories on space have been substantiated through current technological advances is an important one. Cavell explains in great length the way that McLuhan's theories draw from the history of technological development to explain the development of various forms of consciousness and space. Yet in explaining McLuhan's continued relevance, he somehow fails to take the logical step and relate McLuhan's dynamic space to what is today commonly called ?cyberspace.? Many theorists of the digital revolution look to McLuhan as one of the greatest prophets and thinkers of the Internet Revolution, having discussed its many complications and impacts years before it even existed. Paul Levinson explains that it is the Internet, not TV, that best fulfills the role of the media in creating the acoustic space described by McLuhan."
Abstract City Shoes(tm) is a lawn game based on traditional horseshoes that employs large rubber washers instead of metal horseshoes. It is lightweight, portable, durable and safe. The marketing plan includes a SWOT analysis, marketing strategies directed at sporting goods stores and lawn and garden shops and processes for control and analysis of the plan.
Abstract The IMAX Corporation from inception to its current business endeavors, including an overview of the technology and product offered, and an inquiry into future corporate durability.
Abstract This paper explains that LG started in 1947 as Korea's first chemical company and then became the first home appliance company in 1958. Today, it is a conglomerate of 49 subsidiaries, out of which 20 are listed on the Korea Stock Exchange. The author points out that the company is reorganizing its management structure of the LG group. after which it is expected that LG will become the holding company. The paper concludes that LG is a good stock for investment, but being a Korean company, presents a built-in liability.
From the Paper "Now let us look at the profitability of LG. the figures that we have for the company are for the first half of 2000, ending on august 7th, 2000. This is about three years old now. As per the audited accounts, LG Electronics had sales of 6.9 trillion won and sales profits of 572 billion won. (KRW (1,114.80): = US$1.00) One is at liberty to make the conversion directly. Roughly calculated, the sales are about $6 billion and the profits are about $500 million. The increase over one year was 34%, and exports were 69% of the sales and domestic sales were about 31%. The current profits were a little higher at 623 billion won. The profits had increased to five times to what they were in the previous year. The profitability was calculated to be roughly 9%. The reasons for profit were explained as ?LGE's profit increase is mainly due to the significant increase in sales of high-value-added products."
