Abstract
This paper discusses an article on the surprising competitiveness of firms in duopolies. The paper summarizes the article and its significance, and then goes on to draw an analogy between the competition of firms and the competition of Great Powers in a system of rival states.

From the Paper
"The online article "Why are Duopolies so Competitive" by Geoffrey Gannon discusses precisely the topic encapsulated by its title, the surprising competitiveness of duopolies. Microeconomic theory provides a robust conceptual model of pricing under perfect competition and an equally robust model of monopoly pricing, one that is far more favorable to the firm and far less favorable to consumers. Theory, however, is much less robust when it comes to oligopoly or duopoly. This is essentially because firms are competing against a handful of specific competitors in the case..."

Tags:firms, duopoly, competitiveness, competition, Great powers, duopoly, oligopoly

Abstract
In an oligopoly there are four major settings based under the assumption of how rivals in a market will respond to prices or production changes. This paper explores the four main kinds of oligopolies: Sweezy, Cournot and Cournot Duopoly, Stackelberg and Bertrand oligopoly. This paper also explores the efficiency of each of these oligopolies from a managerial perspective.

From the Paper
"The main five factors that are taken into account for a firm to be considered Stackelberg oligopoly is few firms, differentiated or homogeneous products, one leader (a firm) sets the output level before other firms, all the other firms follows and barriers to entry. Given the output the market leader, the other firms will choose the output that will maximize profits. There are some more restrictions when dealing with a Stackelberg oligopoly. As a market leader the firm must know that the firm following will make their move to maximize profits and therefore must set the bar high enough for them to book maximum profit. A follower must commit to a follower action the same way a market leader must commit to leader action."

Tags:duopoly, maximization, macroeconomics

Abstract
This paper aims to explore how to coordinate the relationship between suppliers and buyers in the specific supply chain situation of one manufacturer and duopoly common retailers in order to gain managerial implications that could be useful to build the competition strategy for the manufacturers. The paper outlines the methodology to be used and presents a literature review. The paper finds that supply chain management coordination between suppliers and buyers offers a great many advantages and that among these advantages is the reduction of cost of goods along with reductions in costs associated with shipping of supplies and inventory.

Outline:
Purpose of Study
Introduction
Significance of Study
Methodology - Differential Games
Literature Review
Summary
Recommendations

From the Paper
"UNEP states in regards to opportunity that a "strategic approach to sustainability enables the development of far stronger supplier relationships to deliver added-value, ensure reliability, enable innovation and provide sustainable 'stories' for communication to consumers to help build brand trust and loyalty." (United Nations Environment Program, 2008, p. 5) A strategic approach enables the securitization of the license "to operate within communities, legal systems and government that might otherwise be antagonistic. It gives permission for experimentation, exchange of ideas and the essential ingredients for innovation." (United Nations Environment Program, 2008, p. 5)
"In regards to risk are the "reputational challenges of underestimating consequences of failing to anticipate local community and opinion-former perceptions of environmental and social impacts and of not realizing the potential for mass media to mobilize global opposition and opprobrium with extreme speed." (UNEP, 2008, p.5) Benefits associated with responsible supply chain management are stated by UNEP to include those as follows: (1) better working conditions result in the reduction of turnover and improve both quality and reliability; (2) environmental responsibility improves efficiency and profitability; (3) risk are anticipated and managed, costs reduced and productivity enhanced; (5) communities, consumers and shareholders benefit; and (6) personal, community and corporate values of respect and equity are empowered."

Tags:game, theory, inventory, collaboration, production, transportation, costs

Abstract
This paper discusses the arrival of Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) on the microchip research and development scene. It particularly focuses on how AMD's performance and growth have affected Intel and its performance. The paper compares the focus of the two companies over the past few years and discusses what Intel needs to do in order to remain competitive in this rapidly growing market.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The battle is clearly on. Intel, the old warhorse can no longer rest at ease with its previously unchallenged market dominance. The Arrival of AMD in a big way on the microchip scene has clearly propelled research and development drastically, and transformed the microchip market from monopoly to a duopoly. Both companies are vying with each other to come up with new and interesting designs that have not only increased computing speed but also reduced the cost significantly. Intel, after having suffered a dismal performance in 2005, when its profit was nearly halved from the previous year, has struck back with its new product, the 64-bit core two-duo processor for the desktop, notebook and the server segment. With its wide success it is clear that this processor is currently dominating the market. However, it is plainly obvious that the microprocessor market has ceased to be a monopoly, thanks mainly to the unrelenting and consistent growth of AMD and its novel products. It augurs well for the PC market as we can expect innovations to emerge much faster and at a competitive price."

Tags:microchip, duopoly, Porter

Abstract
The Telecommunications Act of 1996 sought to end the monopoly that once existed in the telecommunications industry. Since its adoption, the telecommunications industry has been undergoing a period of rapid change and development. The entry of new players into the market encouraged them to seek new ways to attract and keep customers. The paper shows that these changes have led to a rapid influx of new technology and services. Many times what defines a monopoly is not clear in every circumstance and there are many pending lawsuits for violations of antitrust laws in the courts today. The paper explains that economic models are useful in resolving issues of whether a monopoly truly exists, or whether claims are unsubstantiated. Previous models were applicable only in certain situations. These models are unreliable in predicting monopolies outside the parameters for which they were designed. This research develops and tests an economic model that accurately predicts the existence of a monopoly in the telecommunications sector. The paper includes tables and figures.

Table of Contents:
Chapter 1: Introduction
Rationale for Study
Scope of Problem
Statement of Hypothesis and Research Questions
Chapter 2: Literature Review
The Telecommunications Industry
Economic Models of a Monopoly
Michael Porter and Monopolies and Clusters
Knowledge Engineering in Relation to Monopolies and Business
Intelligence Applied to Monopolies
Chapter 3: Methodology
Database of Study and Data-Gathering Method
Sample Population
Chapter 4: Data Analysis
Chapter 5: Findings and Conclusions

From the Paper
"Even a casual review of its circumstances today makes it quickly apparent that the telecommunications industry is a complex entity and there are multiple sub-industries within the primary industry. The telecommunications industry has gone from a relatively pure monopoly to an attempted competition, and now it is questionable as to whether it is gravitating towards a monopoly again. In addition, there are now more products and services available. The market is no longer comprised of one market. There is a long-distance market, a local service market, and a cell phone and wireless market. All of these markets have different characteristics and the previously existing models fail to useful in all areas of the telecommunications industry."

Tags:MCI, WorldCom, Sprint, Bell, duopoly, HHI

Abstract
An analysis of whether a single company should be allowed to own a television station and a newspaper in the same geographic market. This paper examines this issue from the perspective of the company, the industry as a whole, and the consumer in the market.

Contents
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Economic Considerations
Discussion of the Problem
Public Policy Interest
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The Sherman Antitrust Act was the key legislation in the United States effort to maintain by a competitive economic playing field by law. This act, which outlawed any "combination or conspiracy in restraint of trade," has been reinforced by other legislation aimed at specific practices that serve to lessen competition. In 1914 the U.S. Congress passed the Clayton Antitrust Act and also established the Federal Trade Commission. The Clayton Antitrust Act made illegal such practices as price discrimination and tying contracts, which forced a buyer or seller to deal exclusively with a specific firm for the provision of a good or service. More recently, the Celler-Kefauver Act (1950) attempted to prevent mergers through the acquisition of the assets of competing firms if the effect is to substantially lessen competition. The Telecommunications Act of 1996 also influenced this merger."

Tags:acquisition, act, adam, anti, duopoly, hand, invisible, jungle, merger, sherman, sinclair, smith, trust, upton