Abstract
This paper examines a primary source document printed in 1674 on a duel that occured between two women in a village who were competing for the love of a single man who lived in that village. The paper presents some information about the history of dueling, its role in English society, as well as the nature of the primary document itself and its intended audience.

Tags:duel, england, history

Abstract
This paper discusses the history of the English duel in the 17th century. The paper looks at the reasons for duelling - commonly over women, because of rival factions, over public office, because of family quarrels or inheritance and because of disputed honorifics. The paper suggests that far from being the ideal of nobility, duelling was in fact a sport of violence by which comparatively minor offenses were settled by blood. It then specifically analyzes women and dueling at that time and analyzes "The Female Duell," attributed to Thomas Toll.

From the Paper
"We could expect readers of the era to peruse this tale with a superficial sense of morality and civil decency that perhaps masked a deeper, more perverse, desire to read a story about two women who went out to fight formally over the love of a man. We can expect that then, as now, such a situation might have been the fantasy of more than one Englishman. Despite the fact that there are historical examples of women engaging in duels, fighting in battles, and even living as highwaymen, it was still much more rare than the sight of two men fighting over the love of a single woman. For the situation to be reversed highlights the extremes to which even the fairer sex can go in the name of love."

Tags:honor, morality, battle

Abstract
This paper analyzes and contrasts two sonnets written respectively by the British WWI poets Rupert Brooke and Siegfried Sassoon: "The Soldier" and "Dreamers". The writer discusses how both poets modified the traditional structure of the sonnet to accomplish their poetic ends. Brooke's poem is elegiac in tone, focusing on national identity and acquiescing in death as a doorway to eternity, while Sassoon's is a bitter and ironic protest against the injustice and inhumanities of war.

From the Paper
"Sassoon writes in a voice of protest, not acquiescence, unlike Brooke, despite his use of the sonnet form. "Dreamers" begins with a striking image, the image of soldiers going off to war, presumably by train to the front lines, rather than in the middle of an internalized thought like Brooke's poem. Brooke's poem focuses on an individual soldier who will be remembered, Sassoon's the vast, nameless masses of men who will die and be forgotten. Some of Sassoon's dreamers are good, some are bad, all have different problems and jealous conflicts at home, but they are in the process of being blended into one in the form of a purposeless army whose cause they can little understand."

Tags:loss, identity, imagery, spiritual, glory, normalcy

Abstract
This paper is written in the form of a personal letter to Hamlet from Shakespeare's tragedy "Hamlet". The letter is designed to persuade Hamlet not to engage in his duel with Laertes, as it represents a passive-aggressive form of suicide and will damn his soul for eternity.

From the Paper
"Dear Hamlet, I am writing to let you know I disagree with your seeming willingness to commit suicide. You are the Prince of Denmark and the presumed heir to the throne so I beseech you to find another solution to your problems than to seek vengeance on Claudius by engaging in a duel with Laertes. I think your view that your life is not worth a pin's fee is wrong and your death will doom your soul to damnation as it is a passive-aggressive act..."

Tags:Claudius, heaven, hell, revenge, forgiveness, betrayal, God

Abstract
This paper is written in the form of a personal letter to Hamlet from Shakespeare's tragedy "Hamlet". The letter is designed to persuade Hamlet not to engage in his duel with Laertes, as it represents a passive-aggressive form of suicide and will damn his soul for eternity.

From the Paper
"Dear Hamlet, I am writing to let you know I disagree with your seeming willingness to commit suicide. You are the Prince of Denmark and the presumed heir to the throne so I beseech you to find another solution to your problems than to seek vengeance on Claudius by engaging in a duel with Laertes. I think your view that your life is not worth a pin's fee is wrong and your death will doom your soul to damnation as it is a passive-aggressive act..."

Tags:Claudius, heaven, hell, revenge, forgiveness, betrayal, God

Abstract
This paper critiques two books on the Franco-Prussian War: "From Bismarck to Adenauer" by Gordon A. Craig and "A Duel of Giants" by David Wetzel. The paper focuses on the diplomacy, the roles of Bismarck and Napoleon III and Bismark's stagecraft and his primary goal.

Tags:Bismarck, Napoleon, War, France, Prussia, Franco, Diplomacy

Abstract
This paper studies the dueling themes of reason and passion in the Khatchaturian concerto for violin and orchestra. The paper examines the construction of the concerto and provides a brief biography of the composer.

Tags:Music, Khatchaturian, Concerto, Russian, Music, Armenian, Hero

Abstract
In the past, duels and showdowns were commonplace methods of dispute resolution, but things have changed. Perhaps as a reflection of a more complex society or a growing recognition of individual rights, the United States has experienced an enormous increase in the number of lawsuits filed over the last half of the 20th century. However, when people and businesses are faced with resolving problems in a fair and equitable manner, they have many other options available to them, which have become increasingly popular as court calendars continue to lengthen. Alternative dispute resolution has greatly expanded over the last several years to include many areas in addition to the traditional commercial dispute; mediation has become an important first step in the process. This paper provides an overview of alternative dispute resolution methods and approaches, a discussion of potential drawbacks and constraints, and an assessment of whether these methods are appropriate for the public sector. A summary of the research is provided in the conclusion.

From the Paper
"Some jurisdictions and courts in the U.S. require early neutral evaluation. Under early neutral evaluation, parties to litigation are required to make presentations to a neutral evaluator. The evaluator is engaged to provide both parties with an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of their respective positions, and to facilitate disputes. Courts in some jurisdictions may have case management conferences at which time staff counsel or other court officers may take active roles in promoting settlement discussions."

Tags:adr, arbitration, conflict

Abstract
The paper discusses the serious doubts many have as to Olaudah Equiano's roots and how some assert that Equiano may have invented rather than reclaimed an African identity. The paper considers how Equiano presented himself as an African and why Equiano adopted a complicated notion of self-identity. The paper discusses how even after publishing his book, "The Interesting Narrative", critics in London doubted that he could have written it himself. The paper opines that given the slavery and racism at the time, it is not hard to relate to the skepticism of Caucasian editors and critics regarding a black man's writing skills.

Outline:
Thesis
Introduction
Questions for Consideration

From the Paper
"Olaudah Equiano and Gustavus Vassa are of course the same person with two distinct identities. Equiano did not choose Gustavus Vassa as a name; Equiano became known as Gustavus Vassa because an officer in the British Royal Navy gave it to him, a slave owner named Michael Henry Pascal. Having a name like Gustavus Vassa apparently gave Equiano (in the eyes of Pascal) more European legitimacy and dignity. And it matched up near perfectly with Equiano's desire to be modern, polite, educated and polished like Caucasians. And so there were clear purposes to this duel identity: a) being Equiano gave the man a link to his native culture and gave him justification to write at length of his slave experiences. And b) being Vassa gave the man a European identity and the credibility to write and have his work published as a man of letters and vast New World experience."

Tags:slavery, writer, Caucasians, racism

Abstract
The paper discusses how Svidrigaylov Arkady Ivanovich is the primary antagonist and a foil to Raskolnikov in Dostoevsky's "Crime and Punishment". The paper compares and contrasts the character of Svidrigaylov with that of Raskolnikov in order to illustrate how Svidrigaylov is not just a simple character but an important duel in Raskolnikov's life.

From the Paper
"Svidrigaylov Arkady Ivanovich is the primary antagonist and a foil to Raskolnikov; this is one of the egos of Raskolnikov. In The Three Motives of Raskolnikov, Maurice Beebe suggests that Raskolnikov has a triple ego; one of them is Svidrigaylov representing the soul of Raskolnikov; while the others are Sonya, who shows "spirit" and Luzhin, who implies the "intellect" of the protagonist (Beebe 1989). Svidrigaylov lives by "sense" and feeling alone but he disproves Raskolnikov's theory that it is impossible to live by instinct or conscience alone. Svidrigaylov's role of foil in the novel Crime and Punishment serves as a crooked mirror to Raskolnikov so that the two can sketch each other's ideas. In Dostoevsky's Descriptions: Characters and City, Grossman points out the essential role of Svidrigaylov in understanding not only the main character Raskolnikov but also the whole novel. Further, he said Svidrigaylov's character does not function independently, but that the character helps represent what Raskolnikov's fate was (Grossman 1989)."

Tags:Raskolnikov, Dunya, duels, dialogues