Abstract
This paper examines a primary source document printed in 1674 on a duel that occured between two women in a village who were competing for the love of a single man who lived in that village. The paper presents some information about the history of dueling, its role in English society, as well as the nature of the primary document itself and its intended audience.

Tags:duel, england, history

Abstract
This paper discusses the history of the English duel in the 17th century. The paper looks at the reasons for duelling - commonly over women, because of rival factions, over public office, because of family quarrels or inheritance and because of disputed honorifics. The paper suggests that far from being the ideal of nobility, duelling was in fact a sport of violence by which comparatively minor offenses were settled by blood. It then specifically analyzes women and dueling at that time and analyzes "The Female Duell," attributed to Thomas Toll.

From the Paper
"We could expect readers of the era to peruse this tale with a superficial sense of morality and civil decency that perhaps masked a deeper, more perverse, desire to read a story about two women who went out to fight formally over the love of a man. We can expect that then, as now, such a situation might have been the fantasy of more than one Englishman. Despite the fact that there are historical examples of women engaging in duels, fighting in battles, and even living as highwaymen, it was still much more rare than the sight of two men fighting over the love of a single woman. For the situation to be reversed highlights the extremes to which even the fairer sex can go in the name of love."

Tags:honor, morality, battle

Abstract
This paper is written in the form of a personal letter to Hamlet from Shakespeare's tragedy "Hamlet". The letter is designed to persuade Hamlet not to engage in his duel with Laertes, as it represents a passive-aggressive form of suicide and will damn his soul for eternity.

From the Paper
"Dear Hamlet, I am writing to let you know I disagree with your seeming willingness to commit suicide. You are the Prince of Denmark and the presumed heir to the throne so I beseech you to find another solution to your problems than to seek vengeance on Claudius by engaging in a duel with Laertes. I think your view that your life is not worth a pin's fee is wrong and your death will doom your soul to damnation as it is a passive-aggressive act..."

Tags:Claudius, heaven, hell, revenge, forgiveness, betrayal, God

Abstract
This paper is written in the form of a personal letter to Hamlet from Shakespeare's tragedy "Hamlet". The letter is designed to persuade Hamlet not to engage in his duel with Laertes, as it represents a passive-aggressive form of suicide and will damn his soul for eternity.

From the Paper
"Dear Hamlet, I am writing to let you know I disagree with your seeming willingness to commit suicide. You are the Prince of Denmark and the presumed heir to the throne so I beseech you to find another solution to your problems than to seek vengeance on Claudius by engaging in a duel with Laertes. I think your view that your life is not worth a pin's fee is wrong and your death will doom your soul to damnation as it is a passive-aggressive act..."

Tags:Claudius, heaven, hell, revenge, forgiveness, betrayal, God

Abstract
This paper critiques two books on the Franco-Prussian War: "From Bismarck to Adenauer" by Gordon A. Craig and "A Duel of Giants" by David Wetzel. The paper focuses on the diplomacy, the roles of Bismarck and Napoleon III and Bismark's stagecraft and his primary goal.

Tags:Bismarck, Napoleon, War, France, Prussia, Franco, Diplomacy

Abstract
The paper discusses the serious doubts many have as to Olaudah Equiano's roots and how some assert that Equiano may have invented rather than reclaimed an African identity. The paper considers how Equiano presented himself as an African and why Equiano adopted a complicated notion of self-identity. The paper discusses how even after publishing his book, "The Interesting Narrative", critics in London doubted that he could have written it himself. The paper opines that given the slavery and racism at the time, it is not hard to relate to the skepticism of Caucasian editors and critics regarding a black man's writing skills.

Outline:
Thesis
Introduction
Questions for Consideration

From the Paper
"Olaudah Equiano and Gustavus Vassa are of course the same person with two distinct identities. Equiano did not choose Gustavus Vassa as a name; Equiano became known as Gustavus Vassa because an officer in the British Royal Navy gave it to him, a slave owner named Michael Henry Pascal. Having a name like Gustavus Vassa apparently gave Equiano (in the eyes of Pascal) more European legitimacy and dignity. And it matched up near perfectly with Equiano's desire to be modern, polite, educated and polished like Caucasians. And so there were clear purposes to this duel identity: a) being Equiano gave the man a link to his native culture and gave him justification to write at length of his slave experiences. And b) being Vassa gave the man a European identity and the credibility to write and have his work published as a man of letters and vast New World experience."

Tags:slavery, writer, Caucasians, racism

Abstract
This paper analyzes and contrasts two sonnets written respectively by the British WWI poets Rupert Brooke and Siegfried Sassoon: "The Soldier" and "Dreamers". The writer discusses how both poets modified the traditional structure of the sonnet to accomplish their poetic ends. Brooke's poem is elegiac in tone, focusing on national identity and acquiescing in death as a doorway to eternity, while Sassoon's is a bitter and ironic protest against the injustice and inhumanities of war.

From the Paper
"Sassoon writes in a voice of protest, not acquiescence, unlike Brooke, despite his use of the sonnet form. "Dreamers" begins with a striking image, the image of soldiers going off to war, presumably by train to the front lines, rather than in the middle of an internalized thought like Brooke's poem. Brooke's poem focuses on an individual soldier who will be remembered, Sassoon's the vast, nameless masses of men who will die and be forgotten. Some of Sassoon's dreamers are good, some are bad, all have different problems and jealous conflicts at home, but they are in the process of being blended into one in the form of a purposeless army whose cause they can little understand."

Tags:loss, identity, imagery, spiritual, glory, normalcy

Abstract
This paper studies the dueling themes of reason and passion in the Khatchaturian concerto for violin and orchestra. The paper examines the construction of the concerto and provides a brief biography of the composer.

Tags:Music, Khatchaturian, Concerto, Russian, Music, Armenian, Hero

Abstract
The writer examines the three most important events that led to the decline in Aaron Burr's fortunes: the tight presidential election of 1800, his duel with Alexander Hamilton, and the conspiracy for which he was put on trial. The writer considers how circumstance, Burr's actions, and those of other parties shaped the events and their fallout for Burr.

From the Paper
"The first event that set Burr's political decline in motion was his tie with Jefferson in the presidential election of 1800. The situation stemmed from constitutional rules whereby the second place candidate for President became Vice President. In order to put Republicans in both offices, Jefferson and Burr both had to run for president, the plan being for the electors in each state to split their votes between the two. The plan was not carried out properly, and the result was a tie vote between Jefferson and Burr in the electoral college, which meant it would fall to the House of Representatives to decide America's next president."

Tags:Alexander, Hamilton, treason, conspiracy, duel, traitor

Abstract
This paper discusses Book 22 of Homer's "The Iliad". Specifically, the paper discusses the final duel in which the prince of Troy, Hector, is killed by the greatest warrior of the Greek army, Achilles. The paper describes the imagery, particularly the symbolism of prey and predator, destiny and sexuality that is expressed in "The Iliad" and the way that these concepts are portrayed in Book 22.

From the Paper
"However, when Zeus weighs the destiny of both Achilles and Hector on the golden scale, it is shown that Hector's fate is to die, and Apollo leaves his side, (Book 22, Lines 180-200) When Hector realizes that Achilles will indeed prevail in their battle, he proclaims that his time to die has come as it was decided it would long ago by the gods. (Book 22, Lines 295-310) After Hector dies, Achilles responds to the Trojan's last words of how he will be cursed by welcoming his own destiny as the gods will make it. (Book 22, Lines 355-365) The gods are seen to play an integral role in the fulfillment of destiny. The gods interfere with the happenings of the mortals, for example Apollo taunting Achilles and aiding Hector in fleeing, or Athena tricking Hector into standing his ground in battle. Even the gods, however, are subject to the destiny that is determined by the golden scales, and even Apollo backed off and allowed Hector to die when it was shown this was his fate."

Tags:duel, Achilles, Hector, Trojan