Abstract
The paper discusses an oft-mentioned argument against dualistic interactionism that is that a material object and an immaterial object, if the latter exists at all, cannot have a rational causal relationship. The paper explains that physicalists wonder how dualistic interactionists can imply that the mental and physical, for example, exist in a connected relationship. The paper looks at a good example of an accepted causal relationship between two physical objects that is the action of a pool cue striking a pool ball, which, once moving, then knocks another ball into a pool table pocket. The paper discusses how according to physicalists, this can be easily explained, as objects in the causal relationship are of the same properties: physical ones.

From the Paper
"There are a number of arguments against dualistic interactionism. The primary concern leveled at the particular school of philosophy is that it is very difficult (some say impossible) to understand how a material and an immaterial object can interact in a causal manner. The Argument Against Dualistic Interactionism: An oft-mentioned argument against dualistic interactionism is that a material object and an immaterial object, if the latter exists at all (as physicalists reject), cannot have a rational causal relationship."

Tags:dualistic, interactionism, physicalism

Abstract
In this paper, supporters of dualistic interactionism may inevitably try and separate the physical nature of the mind and the body, but there are major proponents against this theory with the advancement of modern science. The paper explains that neurological developments often try and use compartimentalism of the brain versus the body to define dualism, yet the mind functions in tandem with the physical body in almost very case-via the nervous system.

From the Paper
"The basis of this study will be to bring forth an argument against dualistic interactionism by providing scientific examples of the premise of energy and physicality to mental and physical properties. The sympathetic neurology between mind and body are both essential aspects of physical existence, which negate the exclusivity of either a mental or physical duality to exist in Nature. In essence, dualistic interactionism is a separatist philosophical ideology that erroneously divides the "physicality" of the human body and the mind into two different parts."

Tags:Descartes, physicality, nature

Abstract
Socrates, as portrayed by Plato, is significant in philosophical history as one of the greatest of the idealists and the dualists. He taught that the world is to be judged against external ideal ?forms?, which we access in order to judge and understand the world. This paper shows that, for him, the spirit was a sort of transcendent soul, which came from the ether beyond and returned, therefore, to a world where truth could be both seen and recognized in its purest form. This paper shows that, in the dialogues of "Meno" and "Phaedo", Plato has Socrates propose these radical theories through a form of question and answer.

From the Paper
"Of course, Socrates would not greet death with joy if he believed it to be an end to personal existence. On the contrary, he identifies the soul with any reality to be had in personal existence, and claims that the soul is not destroyed by death. His argument proceeds by saying that opposites cannot tolerate or encompass their opposites. When opposed they either flee or are destroyed. Thus elements flee their opposites. The soul, one must understand, is that which carries life in our bodies. So when death comes, it is perceived as the opposite of the soul. The soul cannot tolerate its opposite, and thus must flee from death. Therefore, since the soul flees death, it must be deathless and if it cannot die then it must be immortal and even indestructible."

Tags:a, priori, metaphysical

From the Paper
"The theory of Eliminative Materialism attempts to prove more about the physical world than dualism, and answers more fully questions of metaphysics concerning the point to human existence. The questions of cognitive sciences are general and particular questions addressing issues such as existence and what sorts of things can exist. Then there are the more particular questions like; Is there a soul?, What is the relationship of the soul and the human body, or the mind to the body? I will go over the major questions pertaining to minds, bodies and existence from the dualist's standpoint and the eliminative materialist's stand point simultaneously."

Tags:cognitive, mind, science, soul, metaphysics

Abstract
Non-dualism are the key ingredients of empathy and understanding, which are critical to the understanding (and ultimate conquest) of suffering. The paper analyzes David Loy's work in the "Great Awakening" and how he explains that the causes of all suffering are rooted in greed, ill-will and delusion. The paper shows how Loy specifically focuses on how Buddhist practice could be used to remedy contemporary problems like terrorism, poverty and deep ecology.

From the Paper
"Similarly, Deep Ecology is the belief that we are the masters of this planet and that progress will overrun any problem we may encounter (Loy 187). Both of these problems hold at their core dualism. Poverty is dualism between humans, while Deep Ecology is dualism between humans and earth. This dualism enables greed, which is the true driving force behind the problems. The Buddhist solution is again to simply dissolve the separation."

Tags:buddhism, Bin, Laden, War, on, Terror

Abstract
This essay discusses how humans tend to divide the world into opposing groups in order to create a moral, philosophical and religious world. The writer gives an example of opposing groups such as good and evil, natural and technological. To support his conclusion the writer examines the books "All Quiet on the Western Front," "Dulce et decorum est" and "Consciousness as a Biological Problem."

From the Paper
"The writers in this selection of papers make one final major point, which is that we must reconsider the ways in which we consider the effect of technological changes on human life. Technology changes everything, as Samuel Lilley argues in Men, Machines and History. We tend to be able to see this more clearly in the major technological revolutions, such as the revolution that occurred when humans shifted from food collection and pastoralism to agriculture (a shift that brought about permanent settlements and so urbanization, specialization of labor, etc.) and the second major shift in human society when we underwent the Industrial Revolution (pp. 138-9). But we are affected in smaller but deeply important ways by shifts in technology all the time; simply because everyday technological changes are smaller does not mean that their cumulative effect is not great. Adams (p. 106) suggests some of the ways in which our general ignorance of the important agents of change throughout human history leads us to discount the importance of various forms of change in both the past and present."

Tags:profane, sacred, patriotism, war, courage, heroism, technology, war, fundamentals, survival

Abstract
This paper presents an argument in opposition to the position of Cartesian dualism, namely, the thesis advanced by Gilbert Ryle, that dualistic interactionism is based on a category mistake, that Descartes and his followers adopted the dualistic concept when they were confronted with Galileo's experimental evidence of the mechanistic nature of the universe as a means of disputing the evidence of that conclusion. The paper then reviews the various arguments in favor of dualism, as well as those against, concluding that the truth or falsity of dualism may be unprovable.

From the Paper
"This essay considers the idea of dualistic interaction, also known as Cartesian dualism. It presents as an argument in opposition to that position the thesis advanced Gilbert Ryle, that dualistic interactionism is based on a category mistake, that Descartes and his followers adopted the dualistic concept when they were confronted with Galileo's experimental evidence of the mechanistic nature of the universe as a means of disputing the evidence of that conclusion. It then reviews the various arguments in favor of dualism, as well as those against, concluding that the truth or falsity of dualism may be unprovable."

Tags:decartes, dualism, cartesian

Abstract
In this paper, the writer discusses that the character Mary Magdalene provides the key link to dualistic roles of sensuality and spirituality in Martin Scorcese's "The Last Temptation of Christ". The writer points out that throughout the film Scorcese constructs Mary's character as a symbol of earthly desire and the inner workings of spirituality that unite man with God. The writer discusses that by advocating the realities of Christ's desire for Mary, the film portrays her as a woman that has seen the horrors of sexual sublimation, but it is tempered through Christ's equally excessive spirituality.

Tags:temptation

Abstract
This paper explains that there are several ambiguities presented in the metaphysical and the materialist approaches to understanding the universe. The author points out that the basis of Hartshorne?s arguments is blind faith, but his presentations are convincing, as he has considered ?time? and ?necessity? as important factors. The paper states that, through a doctrinal approach, the relation between God and the ?Nature of Christ? may be explained through the understanding that Christ is God himself or at least an extension of him in the form of flesh, and this specifically relates to all His (Christ) divine actions while He was on earth.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Review
Hartshorne?s Argument
Immanuel Kant?s Contradiction
Evidence from the Bible
The ?Nature of Christ?: Old and New Testaments
The Dualist Perspective
Descartes? Opinion
Ryle?s Opinion
H.H. Price?s Opinion
Hick?s Opinion
Statement of the Problem
Thesis
Scope
Key Words
Terms and their Meanings
Perspectives (Philosophical)
Perspectives (Theological)
Proposal

From the Paper
"In Descartes dualist concept, the belief in the existence of the mind and body is essential. Based on this concept, Descartes was able to know where he stood; he knew then that he existed because he could think. Hence, he believed in the following that is popular in contemporary times "cogito ergo sum" or "we think, therefore we are". Descartes apparently has had significant impact on concepts of life after death. However, he faced obstacles in certain explanations, and this is because he could not provide convincing explanation for the relationship between body and mind."

Tags:dualist, doctrine, ambiguity, thesis, questions

Abstract
This paper looks at two major philosophical perspectives, dualist and monist, on the relationship between the body and the mind. The writer describes two types of dualism, substance dualism and property dualism. Dualists treat the body and mind as two distinct entities while monists argue that the nature of the mind is the same as that of the body. Arguments from both sides of the debate are critically reviewed, and the paper concludes that the monistic approach of equating mind with matter is too simplistic.

From the Paper
"Another argument which is brought in order to support the dualist view is represented by the different nature that the characteristics of the two entities posses. The events which are undergone at physical level are obviously objective. The mental events on the other hand are extremely subjective. It has been proven that the exact same stimuli are perceived differently by different individuals because we have different patterns of thinking, shaped by our background as well as by our beliefs, desires and immediate intentions and goals."

Tags:Plato, Descartes, Leibniz, evolution, identity, synonymy, entity, abstract, material