Abstract
This paper discusses how electrical engineering helps musicians to identify the precision of musical notes, record their albums, and finally modify what has been recorded. It provides background context about the theory associated with various devices with an emphasis on critical analysis of the current solutions to the problem of having a standard measure for pitch of instruments. It also looks at how currently the "adaptive filter" devices and digital signal processing ("DSP") tuners are the most common and available solutions in the market. The paper includes diagrams and equations where relevant.

Outline:
Introduction
Sounds and Music
The Tuners for Musical Instruments
Latest Developments
Suggestion for Improvement
Conclusion

From the Paper
"A musical note refers to a specific frequency, "A note is a sign used in music to represent the relative duration and pitch of a sound" [1]. Every sound is a wave and as such is characterized by its frequency. However, listening to only one, single frequency is not that enjoyable. The truth is that human ear is more sensitive to a frequency difference rather than a single frequency. Therefore, a musically desirable sound is the one rich in harmonics. "The harmonic of a wave is a component frequency of the signal that is an integer multiple of the fundamental frequency." [2] For example, consider a sound having a fundamental frequency f, its harmonics are then 2 f, 3 f, 4 f, 5 f, 6 f, etc. Another sound with the fundamental frequency 2 f would have 4 f, 6 f, and 8 f etc. as its harmonics. "

Tags:frequency, note, pitch, dsp

Abstract
This paper contends that Walter LaFeber in his short book "Michael Jordan and the New Global Capitalism," which presents the globalization of Michael Jordan and the impact of the National Basketball Association (NBA), Nike's and others on the rapidly growing global economy, gives a feeling that globalization is a multi-media "tail wagging the dog" sort of situation when indeed the opposite is quite true. The author points out that, although basketball has had a dramatic effect, it is by far not the only major globalization effort impacting so much of the earth as LaFeber would lead one to believe and several persons, such as Steve Jobs (Apple Computer and Pixar), Bill Gates and Ray Kroc (McDonald's),
have had a greater impacts upon globalization. The paper asserts that, given the facts presented by LaFeber concerning the exploitation of labor, particularly by such firms as the Nike Corporation and others, he does raise the specter of conflict the world is just beginning to experience as "economic warfare", such as described by CAA/Oxfam and the Australia's Democratic Socialist Party (DSP).

Table of Contents
Thesis Statement
The Selling and Globalization of Michael Jordan
The Perception of Acceptance of Globalization
The Specter of Conflict

From the Paper
"Between CAA/Oxfam and the DSP, they now propound that there shall not be any future meetings of any worldwide, hemispheric or national trade groups without protests from these groups. Indeed, on the DSP Website they boast that over 100,000 people shall converge on the WTO meeting now scheduled in Nice, France. They furthermore boast of their conquests at prior meetings where they have protested however one is hard pressed to find any evidence of progress made by these groups beyond raising awareness of the issues. In point of fact, the multi-nationals are making improvements on all fronts to combat the negativity these protest groups pour out."

Tags:oxfam, multi-media, sport, labor, monetary-policies

Abstract
This paper examines social policy as it relates to employment for the mentally ill, particularly women, and discusses the implications of diversity, unemployment, and social policy.

From the Paper
"Unemployment-in addition to the obvious problem of causing financialhardship-is also a critical factor in the psychological well-being of an individual. Data from the Household Income and Labour Dynamics Survey of Australia shows that the unemployed in Australia report lower life satisfaction than observationally equivalent employed people holding a current income. In the current labour market, those who are unemployed tend to be highly disadvantaged and the financial impact of unemployment is especially severe on women..."

Tags:mentally ill, social work, welfare to work, australia, DSP, social policy, women, diversity