Abstract
This paper describes and explores the ceremony and ritual surrounding drum dances among Inuit tribes living in Alaska's far north. As a result of the extremely limited resources available in their environment, all parts of Inuit culture must serve a purpose, including the medium of dance. Dances, and the ceremonial drums used as accompaniment for them, are important parts of Inuit society. Drum dances are used to create and sustain important social bonds, ensure successful hunting, and as a means to "control" the often hostile realities of life in the Arctic. This paper explores the role of drum dances in Inuit social structures, ceremonies, kinship and festivals.

From the Paper
"The ceremonial drum is the traditional musical instrument of Inuit dance. (Hall 1987) Both men and women play drums during song and dance rituals. (Arctic Studies Center Website 1998) An Inuit drum consists of a large, circular frame made from the ribs of a seal or walrus or, since the nineteenth century, wood. (Hall, 1987) Drumheads are made of halibut, dog or caribou stomach, the throat of a walrus or the bladder of a seal, stretched tightly across the hoop-like frame. (Kremers 1996) Drums can be decorated with stark, painted figures representing animal spirits; others have carved ivory handles and feather or fur ornamentation around the rim, and some have no ornamentation at all."

Tags:Anthropology, drums, dance, Inuit, Native Alaskan

Abstract
The steel drum, or steel pan, is a unique instrument commonly heard in Caribbean music today, and is one of the most recently "invented" instruments in the world, when taken in its current form. However, the roots of the instrument date as far back as the 18th century. This paper examines the roots of the steel drum, as well as the evolution of the instrument its self. Additionally, this paper examines the steel drum's impact on the Trinidad society.

From the Paper
"The steel drum claims origin on the island of Trinidad, located in the Caribbean Sea, off the coast of Venezuela. This island and the smaller island of Tobago, located 19 miles northeast of Trinidad, make up the single nation state of Trinidad and Tobago. To understand the evolution of the steel drum in this area, it is important to evaluate the political history of the islands, since it was that very political situation which helped the area to develop the instrument (Goddard, 1991). "

Tags:caribbean, pan, trinidad

Abstract
This paper looks at the Cavaliers Drum and Bugle Corps, which got its start in 1948 and was originally called the Boy Scout Troop III Drum and Bugle Corps. In particular, it shows how the Cavaliers' pursuit of excellence explains its more than five decades of continued activity filled with extraordinary examples of success in a highly competitive arena.

From the Paper
"In 1950, the Cavaliers were just a parade corps with hand-me-down uniforms from the more seasoned Bell Corps that consisted of Eisenhower jackets, shakos & plumes. But, they would soon learn a drill and enter big-time competition. They had taken on the Cavalier name and logo from a new cigarette. The logo was a cavalier with a plumed hat, sword and cape. The cigarette company, as part of its promotional campaign, had made available a costume jewelry pin of the logo which the Cavaliers would wear on their hats. After a summer full of parades, contests and other appearances in 1950, the Cavalier's treasury was sufficient to allow new uniforms for 1951 that were Kelly Green. The Cavaliers would soon earn the reputation as an up- and-coming corps."

Tags:competition, music, rifles, sabres

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to discuss and analyze the book "The Tin Drum" by Gunter Grass. Specifically, the paper focuses on two particular chapters. Firstly, Chapter 27 (Inspection of Concrete, or Barbaric, Mystical, Bored), and Chapter 28 (The Imitation of Christ). Gunter Grass' "The Tin Drum" is an historic look at a Polish family with a young son stunted by an accident. Oskar turns out to be a performing midget, who is ludicrous and yet endearing. The writer claims that the themes of the book are complex and the style is demanding, but it is a rewarding read that causes the reader to think, to feel, and to sometimes agree with the author's clearly defined themes.

From the Paper
"Chapter 27 of "The Tin Drum" is entitled "Inspection of Concrete, or Barbaric, Mystical, Bored," and in it, Oskar's theater troop inspects several German concrete bunkers along the Atlantic Wall. During their visit, the groups inspects the fine concrete of the bunkers, (inlaid with shells from the nearby beaches), and discovers one of the soldiers was an artist before the war. The artist, named Lankes, titles one of his "Oblique Formations" (pillboxes) "Barbaric, Mystical, Bored" (Grass 337), and the troupe leader Bebra replies, "You have given our century its name" (Grass 337). Grass uses the pillboxes as an art form to signify the sheer waste of war."

Tags:oskar, polish, war, deformed, disabled

Abstract
This paper examines the Pearl Drum Company, which began in Japan in April 1946, initially as a manufacturer of music stands and, eventually, as a producer of bass and snare drums and stands. It looks at how Pearl drums are created to be a product that consumers will be proud to purchase and the importance to the company that musicians want to be associated with them. It looks at how they focus strongly on producing quality products and on being perceived as one of the best companies in the industry. It also shows how they also focus on creating an image for the company that matches what musicians are looking for, an image of success, and an image closely linked with the high energy world of the music industry.

From the Paper
"The Pearl Drum Company has also been aware that the best option for promoting their products is to have significant bands using them. This has resulted in the company supporting and sponsoring various bands and musicians. When these bands are successful, the Pearl name is effectively promoted. For the average consumer, they might see the Pearl name on the drum set at a concert or on a film clip. This is an effective promotional option from Pearl, and one that costs less than actually creating advertisements. In addition, Pearl also reaches the market of musicians and drummers by this method. In the music industry, it is often known which brand of drums musicians use. The Pearl Drum Company supporting a drummer who is respected by other drummers is an effective promotional strategy."

Tags:music, industry, stands, bass, snare

Abstract
This paper discusses "The Different Drum," in which M. Scott Peck relates how he first developed a sense of community in his own life and then seeks to apply the lessons learned to global issues. The writer examines Peck's rules for community-making and the relationship that Peck sees between community building, religion and international peace. The writer concludes with a definition of religion and notes that Peck's ideal of a more integrated religious community worldwide could provide grounds for agreement on many issues in international relations.

From the Paper
"The role of religion in international conflict is far too often as a motivating force bringing about such conflict. Peck (1987) says this is because world views are religions and make all wars into "holy wars." To move away from this situation, it is necessary to distinguish between true and false religions: "Otherwise the only standards will be those that can win out over the others on a bloody battlefield" (p. 240)."

Tags:integration, integrity, communication, globalization, tension

Abstract
This paper examines the novel, "Bang the Drum Slowly" by Mark Harris, a fictional story about two major league ball players. The two main characters are Henry Author or Arthur Wiggen, a pitcher who sees himself as bright, witty, and competent, and his friend, Bruce Pearson, a catcher, who is clearly a little slow mentally, although apparently a good ball player. He is also rigid in his thinking, can bat only one way, and is determined that only his friend Henry, whom he calls Arthur instead of Author, knows that he is dying of Hodgkin's Disease. The paper analyzes the predominant themes in the story, which are the strength of their friendship and loyalty and how Arthur must lie to protect his friend's secret.

From the Paper
"Earlier in the book, Henry has said that life is just one big problem after the other, and his difficulties keeping his promise to Bruce are growing. Henry value's Joe's friendship, but when Bruce, imagining that he can really play the card game, asks to join, Henry stops playing, offending Joe, who starts calling Henry and Bruce "Romeo and Juliet." It ends his close friendship with Joe. Henry is torn by the complications presented by keeping his promise to Bruce. He says, "Suppose you were up to your neck in a barrel of shit and a fellow was tossing baseballs at you. What do you do? Do you duck?" (p. 117) But eventually he has to tell another team member, Goose, so he will have a little backup protecting Bruce from the incessant teasing. Goose has been teasing Bruce, and defends it by saying, "A man has got to have a little fun." "He is dying,") Henry says. (p. 133) Eventually, Goose will tell his roommate."

Tags:hodgkin?s, disease, arthur, bruce, loyalty, major, league, ball, players

Abstract
This paper analyzes the poems "Come Up From the Fields Father" and "Vigil Strange I Kept on the Field One Night" from Walt Whitman's "Drum Taps", explaining that Whitman uses the tool of contradiction to make the point about the universal tragedy of war.

From the Paper
"The introductory poem in "Drum-Taps, "First O Songs for a Prelude" is a remembrance of the patriotism and sacrifice of individuals in answering the country's call to war. It was written after the war as a paean to the patriotic spirit and selfless enthusiasm with which the country took up arms in defense of a principle. Yet it is presented first in this collection, and this positioning makes an eloquent setting for the tragic two stories in the poems "Come Up From the Fields Father" and "Vigil Strange I Kept on the Field One Night.""

Tags:human, stories, viewpoints, different, people, humanistic, mother, husband, fields

Abstract
This paper examines how "The Tin Drum", written by Gunter Grass, is one of the most outstanding novels that represents the cruelties inflicted by the German army on others. In particular, it looks at how the prime character in the story is Oskar Matzerath, who, as a result of the hard German regime and cruelties, repudiates to grow up in protest of the Germans. It attempts to explain the psyche behind Oskar's thinking and why he became the sort of person he was. It primarily emphasizes the main theme of the book, i.e. guilt, and explains whether this feeling turned Oskar into a better person or just caused an evasion in his personality.

From the Paper
"The novel starts by introducing to the audience a vague character named Oskar who is instituted in a mental asylum. Though every once a week people visit him, he finds no joy in that. His only friend is his watcher and caretaker named Bruno Munsterberg. His decision to stop growing up was adamant. "For many years I not only stayed the same size but clung to the same attire" (Gunter Grass, The Tin Drum). Throughout the novel the audience feels that Oskar liked to give a rational interpretation of the actual events in his life. He gave these incidents his own spice so that he could become the hero of his own play. He is even told by his watcher to stop dreaming. In some points in the novel, Oskar while relating stories to his audience realizes that he has exaggerated the truth a little too much and then backtracks to tell what the actual truth was."

Tags:mental, asylum, german, army, nazism

Abstract
This paper examine instructional methods and procedures for teaching the drum set in junior and senior high school music programs.

From the Paper
"The purpose of this paper is to examine instructional methods and procedures for teaching the drum set in junior and senior music programs. The reviewed methods and procedures are abstracted from instructional programs developed for diverse samples (young children, elementary-level students, high school and college students) in an effort to determine techniques that will work in most junior and senior programs. The paper ends with the formulation of a set of conclusions for implementing an innovative instructional program at the middle or senior high school level.

Instruction in the drum set can be approached both conceptually and instrumentally. For example, students' introduction to the drum set can begin with learning a few historical or cultural concepts regarding the use of the drum..."