Abstract This paper examines the attitude and experience of three individuals who are close to being released from a drugtreatment facility. The author points out that it is expected that these individuals will experience considerable challenges when they return to their regular lives. The paper relates that these obstacles should not be a total hindrance in the recovery process.
From the Paper "The young male sat down in the chair across from me, and immediately, I could tell that something was not quite right. His prior history addressed a serious drug problem for which he had sought treatment, and his condition had improved dramatically. However, something was not quite right; it was as if he had lost his best friend, and in this case, he still felt the ill effects of drug withdrawal. Although the physical symptoms had disappeared, he was not ready to reenter the real world environment without a vice to hold onto. He was bitter yet cautiously optimistic that his life would improve, but he could not say when. As he spoke, it was evident that he held very little confidence in his own abilities to lead a productive life, and therefore, he believed that his own situation was hopeless."
Abstract This paper explains that the Toronto drugtreatment court (DTC), a diversion program, has been a response to a Canadian normative criminal justice system that does not approach the underlying problem of addiction. The author points out that diversion programs, such as DTCs, are ways to interrupt the continuum of incarceration now associated with offenses created by the drug culture. The paper relates that the conventional criminal justice system offers little or nothing to counteract addiction beyond a possible referral to a treatment center, which usually brings no results. The author underscored that the Toronto DTC has a 4% recidivism rate as compared to a 45% recidivism rate of persons charged with drug-related offenses who do not pursue treatment diversion. The paper states that the cost-benefit analysis underscores the savings to the taxpayer.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Toronto DrugTreatment Court
Suitable Offenders
Making an Honest Effort
The Rights of the Offender
Benefits
Challenges to Expanding Drug Diversion Programs
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper "The Toronto Drug Treatment Court is located in the Old City Hall complex as is thought to be Canada's busiest court house, a place to be experienced for its many mainly poor Canadians to appear, its old fashioned premises and the main venue of the city's Aboriginal Diversion (Gladue) Court. On two visits to Drug Treatment Court, it was observed that the atmosphere is civil and collaborative. Judges spoke in a direct humane manner to offenders unlike what was observed in other criminal court settings. Support workers from agencies and volunteer groups, including former graduates of the Court, were present."
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the topic of drugtreatment centers. Specifically it discusses the effectiveness of inpatient versus outpatient drugtreatment and the success rate for inpatient versus outpatient treatment. It also attempts to show how the overall success rate of any treatment program, whether inpatient or outpatient, still leaves room for improvement.
From the Paper "There are several key differences between inpatient and outpatient drug treatment centers, as their name implies. Some of these differences have marked results on the overall success or failure of patients seeking drug treatment. Ultimately, the goal of all treatment centers is to aid the patient in overcoming their drug or alcohol addiction. However, as studies show, some treatment centers are simply better at this than others, and in addition, there are many factors in the addict's own personality and lifestyle that can help dictate the success or failure of their treatment program. "
Abstract This paper provides an introduction to drugtreatment available in society. It then looks at how drugtreatment works and the different types, such as short-term and long-term options. The methods of short-term residential programs, the twelve-step program, methadone maintenance program, and a therapeutic community option are all discussed.
From the Paper "Treatment for drug addiction is an essential method for breaking one's dependence with drugs, while providing the foundation needed to restore normality into his or her life. At first glance this process seems to be very basic and repetitive as its intent is to achieve the same goal, which is to be drug free. However, the type of drug treatment that is utilized varies from person to person. Once the proper help is provided, the individual will gradually excel first over the addiction and then in life by following the guidelines incorporated in the treatment. In return, the drug treatment will have provided the education and knowledge needed to live a typical life free from drug addiction."
Abstract This paper reviews how the increase of female drug abuse has changed how American families have adapted. It also looks at the burdens that are placed upon their children, their families and the court system. The paper then discuss some of the benefits to women and their families when they are placed in gender-specific drugtreatment facilities.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Life History of a Female Drug User
Obstacles
Community Influences
The Impact on Families
Types of Treatment Available
Conclusion
From the Paper "Court ordered out patient treatment is another benefit for female addicts. Court ordered treatment allows an offender to receive drug treatment therapy and counseling in lieu of going to jail for a criminal act. Many areas have Drug Courts, that mirrors court ordered out patient treatment. Out patient treatment allows the women to remain free in order to care for their households and children, but they are mandated to remain clean. The women are assigned a probation officer, who ensures the completion of mandatory guidelines established by the judge. Frequent drug test are conducted to determine if the women are drug free, and most are required to attend NA meetings, parenting seminars, and vocational training. All of the requirements are geared to reducing the rates of relapse and recidivism of the women. Drug court is usually available for 1st time offenders."
Abstract This paper discusses the pros and cons of prescription drug use to treat psychiatric disorders. The paper relates to side effects and other risk factors of prescription drug use. The paper also questions how drugtreatment prevents alternative therapies for mental disorders.
Abstract The paper discusses how treating a drug offender's addiction is the best way to keep him from re-offending. The paper looks at Treatment Alternatives to Street Crime (TASC), a program designed to help offenders get treatment with the hopes of decreasing crime. The paper discusses the mission and components of TASC and looks at studies that compare TASC, an involuntary treatment program, with voluntary treatment programs. The paper also examines studies that analyze which types of offenders TASC is most effective in treating and reforming. The paper concludes that, overall, the TASC program seems to be effective by treating offenders longer and thereby improving recidivism rates.
From the Paper "Researchers in the Criminal Justice field have discovered that treating a drug offender's addiction is the best way to keep them from reoffending to support their habit. The problem that justice officials face is that without outside pressure and guidance very few drug offenders will seek treatment for themselves. The solution to this problem is coerced drug treatment programs, whereby an offender is made to attend as a condition of their probation or parole, or as a form of diversion. One program designed to help offenders get treatment with the hopes of decreasing crime is Treatment Alternatives to Street Crime (TASC). TASC was started in 1972 as part of the Drug Abuse Office and Treatment Act (Satel, 1999). TASC attempts to coordinate the activities of the criminal justice system and drug treatment programs."
Abstract This paper addresses the effect of the war on drugs. It specifically focuses on the problem of overcrowded correctional organizations in Arizona. The paper also provides three workable solutions to this situation. It suggests that legalization, reforming the laws, and drugtreatment and education programs will help reduce the prison population.
Table of Contents:
Legalization
Reform the Laws
DrugTreatment and Education Programs
Conclusion
From the Paper "Court supervised drug treatment and education programs are more effective than imprisoning nonviolent drug offenders. Mandatory treatment should be used for first and second time nonviolent drug offenders. Studies have shown that there could be a 73% success rate in educating and treating drug offenders than by punishing them in an overcrowded prison (National Families in Action, 2002). The court supervised drug and treatment programs would only cost 1/8 as much as a prison (National Families in Action, 2002). Not only would these programs free up prison space for violent offenders, but also save millions of dollars over the next decade. The millions of dollars that would be saved by eliminating prison time can be used to fund these drug treatment and education programs. The offenders who complete the treatment program will be rewarded with the tools to deal with their addictions, avoid incarceration, and their drug charges to be dropped. The mandatory drug treatment and education programs will treat the addict, free up prison space, and save tax payers money."
Abstract The paper proposes a patient perception that would look at whether patients' perceived efficacy of their cancer treatment equals that of their doctors' analysis of their well being as cancer patients. The study seeks to establish whether a particular type of treatment and cancer drug helps improve the patient's perception of the improvement of their health condition. The paper discusses and analyzes extensively descriptions of patient profiles and their attitude towards their sickness.
Outline:
Introduction
Review Of Related Literature
Research Objectives
Methodology
a) Research Design
b) Research Methods
i) Survey
ii) Focus Interviews
c) Sampling
d) Data Analysis
Bibliography
From the Paper "Though this study follows a dominantly quantitative paradigm, the researcher will also informally interview medical doctors in order to generate information that may not be provided or discussed in the patient perception survey. These information and data includes interviewing the doctor about patients' histories, response to cancer drug treatment, and his/her overall opinion about the patient in general."
Abstract This paper studies the use of Ritalin and other pharmaceutical options in treating children with attention deficit disorder (ADD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). After providing an overview of the disorder and its diagnosis in children, the paper then analyzes the efficacy and controversy over using Ritalin and other drugs (including dextroamphetamines) to treat ADD/ADHD. The author looks at dosing suggestions and potential side-effects, concluding that the benefits of Ritalin -- when properly proscribed and used -- outweigh the risks.
From the Paper "Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and its close relative Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are neurological developmental disabilities which are known to effect between 3-5% of school age youth. Scientists have suggested that the disorders are genetically transmitted. Research has not definitively shown that either disorder is chemically based, although some doctors believe that ADD/ADHD are caused by a chemical imbalance in specific neurotransmitters that normally help the brain regulate behavior. The National Institute of Mental Health has shown, however, that subjects with ADD or ADHD have a lower rate of glucose usage in the brain - glucose being the brain's primary source of energy. However, Merck states that less than 5% of children with the disorder show any signs of neurologic damage or structural abnormality in the brain."
Abstract This paper defines multiple sclerosis (MS) as a common neurological disorder responsible for substantial neurological morbidity. MS is an autoimmune disease that attacks the central nervous system, the spine and the brain. This paper evaluates and analyzes various published medical articles and research studies related to the treatment of MS. This paper discusses the use of interferon-beta-1a also known as Avonex, for the treatment of MS. The company that manufactures Avonex notes that while MS is an unpredictable disease in regards to symptoms, using Avonex as a once-a-week therapy can help slow the progression of disability in relapsing forms of MS. This paper contains case study results of patients with MS who used Avonex as well as other treatments and therapies.
Table of Contents:
What is Intramuscular Interferon Beta 1a Therapy?
Multiple Sclerosis and its Treatments What is Avonex?
MS Footnotes
Bibliography
From the Paper "Despite the setback experienced by Avonex and patient's preference for Comaxone, treatment of multiple sclerosis has come a long way. Before the investigation into interferons, physicians were only able to treat some of their MS patients with Prednisone or other immunosuppressives. The problem with Prednisone or Methotrexate (a drug used to treat cancer and also used to repress rejection of transplanted organs) were first they were not that effective and second they had long term side effects which included osteoporosis and high cholesterol for Prednisone and the possibility of catching an infection and dying with Methotrexate."
Abstract In this article, the writer notes that comparing and contrasting drug and alcohol treatment programs available in the Chicago metro area indicates that the programs offered by New Hope Recovery Center at Lincoln Park Hospital, by Hazelden, and by Haymarket are similar in many ways in terms of the quality of their services, their program focus and treatment approaches. But, the writer points out, these programs also vary. The writer maintains that the primary differences are the degree of emphasis these respective facilities place on the psychological aspects of addiction and recovery, and the economic levels of their respective clients. The writer concludes that although drug and alcohol problems plague men and women at every economic and social level
of society, people at the lowest income levels are more vulnerable to drug or alcohol addiction and are less likely to seek treatment and recover because they simply cannot afford the most effective treatment and counseling.
From the Paper "Although everyone agrees that drug and alcohol abuse and addiction are harmful, both for American society as a whole and for the individuals and their families who are struggling to deal with addiction and co-dependency, there is much disagreement over what types of treatment are most effective, what factors contribute the most to drug or alcohol abuse, how society should deal with it, what legal measures should be taken, and what can be done in terms of providing effective medical and psychological treatment for those who are addicted."
"Unfortunately, the effectiveness of treatment programs often depends upon the income level of the client. Since addiction has psychological causes, the quality of counseling is a very important factor in determining whether a client can maintain long-term recovery, and the quality of counseling is directly related to the cost of counseling. The best psychiatric therapy is the most expensive, so it is often the case that the clients most able to pay for high quality counseling are the ones most likely to overcome their abuse or addiction problems."
Abstract This paper addresses methods of drug interventions for adolescents with drug problems. The author discusses the several forms of substance abuse and differentiates between substance abuse and substance dependency. The author also includes statistics on adolescent drug rates. In addition, the author discusses several methods of treatment which includes contingency management and reinforcements. The paper suggests that integrating comprehensive services to include group therapy, vocational training, family therapy, education services, individual counseling, and drug education would be the best method to serve adolescent with drug issues.
Outline:
Introduction
Adolescent Drug Rates
Treatment Plans
DSM-IV Criteria for Substance Abuse
DSM-IV Criteria for Substance Dependence
Stages of Adolescent Substance Abuse
Conclusion
From the Paper "The problems that have been seen with addiction are certainly not new, but a lot of research and study has indicated that new and better ways of treating it are continuing to come to light. Some of the difficulty with the treatment of these kinds of problems is based on the fact that there are a lot of forms that addiction can take and some of the substances and drugs that people can become addicted to are not that common. Other concerns relate to the fact that some people are not who most individuals would picture as addicts, and so they are overlooked by the people who could actually help them."
Abstract This paper explores the literature related to substance abuse treatment in the prison system in order to learn which programs are most effective in helping drug-addicted offenders achieve and sustain sobriety. It discusses how there are an increasing number of individuals serving time in jails and prisons for drug-related crimes and how the majority of these individuals have never received treatment for any form of substance abuse problems outside of the prison system. It examines the barriers to creating effective programs and how some model programs such as IMPACT in Chicago and the Delaware program, have incorporated the best understandings of effective drugtreatment services for a prison population.
Outline
Abstract
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Significance of the Problem
Assumptions
Delimitations of the Study
Definition of Terms
Review of Related Literature
Introduction
Obstacles
Legal Problems
Referral and Screening
Some Specific Programs
The Therapeutic Community Model
Other Models
Meditation
Analysis Evaluation and Findings
Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
From the Paper "Yet another program is the Jail Substance Abuse Program (JSAP). In this program, developed by the Washington County Health Department in Hagerstown, MD, there is an in-jail program of six weeks in a 17-bed treatment unit. This is followed by an aftercare treatment component. Again, most JSAP referrals come from the court, up to 80 percent, with the other referrals primarily from jail medical departments, classification officers, or self-referral. Potential clients are screened with a questionnaire that looks at drug and alcohol history, prior treatment experience, and withdrawall symptoms. They receive a comprehensive assessment that may include the Addiction Severity Index, the MAST, or the Mortimer-Filkins Test. Admission to the program is based both on the screening document and the assessment. Inmates who have long jail sentences, are on psychotropic medication, or have a history of violence are denied admission."
Abstract This paper argues that although repeat drug offenders deserve mandatory jail time, people who are arrested for the first time for a drug offense may deserve a chance at rehabilitation within a treatment facility. While many judicial systems utilize drugtreatment programs within the jail system, there is currently a push for alternative drug programs based within hospitals and clinics. The paper shows that close supervision can prevent drug-addicted criminals from becoming repeat offenders.
From the Paper "Orange County Studies (Yang, 1999) showed that the costs for a participant are $3,000 a year compared to $2,000-$2,500 for traditional drug courts. But a new study found that Orange County's approach is paying off in other ways. Most programs have 34 % repeat offenders. However, with the supervised rehabilitation treatment program, only 22% of those completing the program are seen within the county courts for a second time. Yang states that the study, which was commissioned by the Center for Applied Local Research and conducted by a Cal State Long Beach professor, ?found the program a successful means to break the cycle of illicit drug abuse and criminal behavior.""
Tags: Justice, Department, therapists, Health, Belief, Model
