Abstract
This paper describes a study that uses human-machine interactive features of the automobile to determine if the driver of the automobile is becoming drowsy. This mechanism is intended to provide a warning to the driver in such a situation. In this way, the drowsy driver can be kept awake by the vehicle he or she is driving, a safety feature that could prevent many accidents caused by drowsy drivers. Several studies that have approached the issue of drowsiness detection based on the use of artificial neural networks are described. The paper includes two charts.

From the Paper
"For the current project, some of this existing research may be adaptable to a new use or may provide guidance for solving the problems associated with drowsy driving. For the current project, the primary goal is to develop an algorithm, using the programs of Matlab, Simulink, and Stateflow, an algorithm that can determine an automobile
driver's relative awareness or drowsiness while maneuvering the vehicle. While this seems quite concise in summation, in reality there is much to consider when talking about the issues involved in such a development. For example, it should be asked what created the need for designing this new system and what would be the right technique in developing the system for driver use. Another question to be raised is what problems does the developed algorithm not take into account during its development, issues that may have to be considered later."

Tags:drowsy, driving, sleep, related, accidents

Abstract
The paper discusses how violence against nurses is common and comes from a number of sources: supervisors, other care providers, visitors, unpredictable patients who are unpredictable because they are unstable, and from the nurse's intimate partner in her home. The paper reveals that three attacks in one week at Toronto's Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) led to nurses receiving critical injuries (Bond & Levenson, 2007, p. 1). The paper mentions that these nurses were in the nursing station when they were attacked. The writer recalls one nurse on psychiatric who was caring for a patient known for occasional agitation but calm and drowsy at that time; since his shoelace was undone, she bent to tie it; the patient grabbed her hair and removed bloody clumps, and only the presence of a male nurse saved her from further injury.

From the Paper
"Violence against nurses is common and comes from a number of sources: supervisors, other care providers, visitors, unpredictable patients who are unpredictable because they are unstable, and from the nurse's intimate partner in her home. Three attacks in one week at Toronto's Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) led to nurses receiving critical injuries (Bond & Levenson, 2007, p. 1). These nurses were in the nursing station when they were attacked. I recall one nurse on psychiatric who was caring for a patient known for occasional agitation but calm and drowsy at that time. Since his shoelace was undone, she bent to tie it. The patient..."

Tags:violence, nurses, prevention

Abstract
This paper discusses how drugs and aviation do not mix well at all and how, although regulations and drug testing programs have been implemented to help fight against drug use, there are still a few people that get through the system undetected. The paper relates that it is a fact that a majority, if not all, drugs have some sort of adverse reaction when taken and that these reactions can include drowsiness, delayed reaction time, impaired judgment, and many other deadly factors. The paper also examines how the regulations and programs that have been implemented to help reduce and stop drug use in aviation have been called into question, whether it is cost effective or not.

From the Paper
"Both the state and federal governments have fairly strict regulations when it comes to drug use. Although there are several types of drugs, the state and federal regulations are focused more on the use and or possession of illicit drugs. The least regulated drugs are the non-prescription or over-the-counter drugs. These non-prescription drugs include the common aspirin, ibuprofen, and any other drug that can be purchased over the counter at a local drug store. Another type of drug that is moderately regulated by the federal and state governments is prescription drugs. Prescription drugs include medications such as anti-depressants, sedatives, and opiates. Prescription drugs are regulated more than non-prescription drugs, because the person must have a doctor's approval and fill the order with a pharmacist. However, prescription drugs are still easily obtainable at times and they are legal to use. "

Tags:regulations, Federal, Aviation, Administration, FAA

Abstract
This research considers nursing care for apnea. The National Commission on Sleep Disorders Research estimated the direct cost of sleep disorders at $15.9 billion in 1990, and the Department of Transportation estimated that drowsiness accounts for from 200,000-to-400,000 automobile accidents annually

From the Paper
"Introduction
This research considers nursing care for apnea. The National Commission on Sleep Disorders Research estimated the direct cost of sleep disorders at $15.9 billion in 1990, and the Department of Transportation estimated that drowsiness accounts for from 200,000-to-400,000 automobile accidents annually. Sleep apnea is a serious, potentially life-threatening condition. It is a breathing disorder characterized by repeated collapse of the upper airway during sleep, with consequent cessation of breathing (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Working Group on Sleep Apnea, National Institutes of Health, 1996, p. 247)."