Abstract
This paper is a literature review on research into the effects of drought stress on potatoes. The paper shows how drought stress can cause trauma to the plant organism and cause changes in the way the plant develops. It examines whether that plant can reproduce effectively and pass on certain desired traits to the next generation. This raises concerns about how crops fare from one season to the next.

From the Paper
"The effect of drought stress on the vegetative and reproductive traits of the potato has been studied to find ways to improve the crop and to prevent damage. Drought stress is clearly brought on by periods of drought, causing trauma to the plant organism and causing changes in the way the plant develops and in whether that plant can reproduce effectively and pass on certain desired traits to the next generation. This raises concerns about how crops fare from one season to the next, as is noted by one analyst from Montana State University: High-quality potato yields can be achieved only by maintaining a uniformly high level of available water throughout the crop season."

Tags:drought, stress, potato

Abstract
The paper looks at a 1999 article that discusses the problems in Spain of converting water to agricultural and manufacturing needs, processes that have been unsuccessful since Roman times. The paper explains that because of a disparity in rainfall, recently, Spain suffered the worst drought of any European nation, but efforts to create plans to supply water fairly to those regions especially hard-hit ran into political and regional obstacles.

From the Paper
"While My Fair Lady makes use of Spain's rainfall for a diction lesson, the article not only shows that rain does fall in Spain's plains, but in the decade of the 1990s not enough rain fell, and Spain faced one of the most severe droughts in its history. The article's basic subject covers how man-made systems and a so-called "water plan" helped overcome some of the most severe cases of drought. In short, the thesis of the article is man vs. nature. And, while nature usually wins out, in this case there was an opportunity to provide a more evenly-spaced accumulation and a greater savings of water to help overcome the worst of the..."

Tags:water plan, irrigation, spain

From the Paper
"The Struggle Between the Owens Valley and Los Angeles over Water
This paper will discuss the conflict between the residents of the Owens Valley and the city of Los Angeles through the end of the 1920s over the appropriation of water in the Owens Valley by the city. The first part of the paper will examine the background of the controversy. The second part of the paper will describe the high point of the struggle in the middle part of the 1920s. The last part of the paper will discuss the outcome and the ramifications of this struggle.


Located on the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada, the Owens River drainage system is long and narrow, extending 120 miles from the Mono divide to Owens Lake. Near the Mono divide, the floor of the valley is about 8000 feet above sea level; there is a drop of 2200 feet from the end of the Long Valley to Owens..."

From the Paper
"One of the most fascinating and far-reaching weather phenomena to occur in recent years has been that of El Nino. This paper will briefly describe what this phenomenon is, and specifically discuss the 1982-1983 El Nino which caused extreme changes in the Earth's oceans and atmosphere and often widespread devastation on land.
"El Nino is Spanish for "The Child," a reference to the Christ child, so named by South Americans because this ocean current is felt off their coast around Christmastime. According to Dr. Eugene Rasmussen of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, it occurs in cycles of about every four to five years and can be two years apart or as many as 10. The last El Nino occurred in 1976-1977 when the eastern United States had its worst winter and California its worst drought (Canby 153)."

Tags:SCIENCE

Abstract
This paper examines the climate threat of global warming on three different levels. First, on a local level, it examines the climate in Brisbane, Australia, a city that has experienced considerate climactic upheaval in recent years. Second, it examines the climate of Australia as a whole, a hot continent once renowned for its position below the largest hole in the ozone layer. Third, it examines the global climate. The paper maintains that, at local, national and international levels, climate threats are a very important, current concern. The paper concludes that, though climate threat has represented itself in Australia and Brisbane primarily under the guise of drought, heat, and decreased rain levels, on a global level this threat is represented by a wider variety of problems.

Outline:
Introduction
The Local Community: Brisbane
Throughout the Nation: Australia
Across the Globe
Maps (Appendix 1-3)

From the Paper
"The map of Brisbane (Appendix 1) demonstrates the water shortage problem in Brisbane. Climactically, this is one of Brisbane's biggest threats, as the city turns to the possibility of recycling sewage for drinking water. Light scattered rainfall is observable on the map south of Brisbane, towards the Gold Coast, in the Beenleigh, Logan and Coomera regions - though this rain stops short of Southport. Queensland mainland to the north of the map is experiencing no rain - a problem which has plagued farmers in the region for some time. Brisbane and the Greater Brisbane Area (Archerfield and Boondall) are also experiencing no rain. Scattered showers are continually hitting the same areas around Brisbane - the Gold Coast and some of the islands off the coast. The same local areas (Brisbane, and inland and north Queensland) are continually suffering, on the other hand, from high temperatures and no water."

Tags:drought, hole, ozone, layer, drought, meteorology, weather

Abstract
The paper starts with a summary of conditions in pre-colonial India and continues through to the birth of the public health sector in 19th century England. It then discusses the effects of drought on India and the results of the great famines on both agriculture and industry, looking at the responsibility of Britain in terms of preventing disaster via prevention and aid strategies and their ultimate failure in both areas. The spread of disease, in particular cholera is explored and again, Britain's contribution in this area is discussed.

From the Paper
"The colonisation of India was, for the British, the proverbial jewel in the crown, a new land of vast resources, unsystematic government and an animal-like people who, at best, were a cheap source of labour. But as the drought of 1876 decimated the population in a famine as cruel as any the Europeans had experienced, it became apparent that the British government would need to take steps to prevent a repeat of the devastating mortality rates produced by such a phenomenon. A certain responsibility to their precious colony would have to be shown."

Tags:agriculture, britain, cholera, colonisation, drought

Abstract
This paper explains that the lack of water, which is referred to continuously throughout T. S. Eliot's "The Waste Land", is a sign of spiritual drought and symbolically indicative of infertility and philosophical and existential stasis. The author points out that water is the primary symbol of the release and awakening from the nightmare of "The Waste Land", and its interpretation offers an alternative to the loss of meaning, which in Eliot's view, characterizes the modern world. The paper relates that water links to the ancient myth of the vegetation god and to the Christian myths because water can be seen to regenerate through suffering and death.

From the Paper
"The sense of ennui and existential angst is related to Eliot's personal situation as well, and to the situation of his entire generation after the "Great War". Any understanding of the poem necessitates a perception that the symbol of water as an image of salvation from the "modern predicament" and its various constraints, was not a random image selected for its obvious connotations, but refers to an entire tradition of mythical and philosophical thought. Drawing from these ancient roots, the modern usage of the symbol of water is reflected in the intense search for relevance and meaning that was central to the work and the art of the modernist period."

Tags:drought, inferility, existential, myth, regeneration

Abstract
This paper discusses the many effects of global warming, such as agriculture, flooding, health and refugees, which will be the most severe on Third World countries. This paper explains that global warming has a negative effect on the world's hydrological cycle, which could seriously threaten global water supplies thus severely affecting the massive areas of Asia and Africa that already have drought. The author believes that the very technologies, which the Third World needs to develop to survive and to be like the First World, are the ones that will do them the most harm.

From the Paper
"Bangladesh has the highest population density on Earth, with 114 million people in 1993. By contrast, the Netherlands, the most crowded nation in the First World, has a population density only half that of Bangladesh. Approximately 85 percent of Bangladeshis live in rural areas, and more than half of Bangladesh lies less than 5 m above sea level, making it susceptible to extreme events such as cyclones, storm surges, and coastal flooding. Global warming is expected to intensify the cyclone system in this region with catastrophic results. Inland flooding also occurs in Bangladesh because the country lies on the flood plains at the congruence of the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna rivers. Half the gross domestic product of Bangladesh is attributable to agriculture, making the nation economy prone to flood damage."

Tags:drought, flood, technology, hydrology, refugees

Abstract
Traditional explanations of the Dust Bowl emphasize the lack of rain as the fundamental cause of the severe dust storms that struck the southern plains. This paper discusses additional reasons for the Dust Bowl such as poor agricultural practices and years of sustained drought. The paper describes the effect the Dust Bowl had on the inhabitants.

From the Paper
"Americans tend to confuse the "Dust Bowl," a region plagued by dust storms in the 1930s, with the mass migration of "Okies and Arkies" to California that occurred in the same decades. Many people were forced to leave the Dust Bowl for California. But the majority of 1930s migrants, even migrants from Oklahoma, came from regions of the country largely unaffected by the dust storms.

The whole concept of a Dust Bowl migration is a wonderful misnomer. Most of the people had nothing to do with the Dust Bowl region. Most really weren't victims of the drought either. A lot of them weren't even farmers."

Tags:John, Steinbeck, Grapes, of, Wrath, Great, Plains, Oklahoma, drought, Route, 66, Okies

Abstract
This environmental paper examines the San Diego-Tijuana water epidemic. The author presents the history and current factors involved in the problem: contamination and drought. It highlights the political issues involved in environmental city management for these Mexican and American border cities.

From the Paper
"In recent decades the world has come to realize that the earth's resources are not comprised of a bottomless pit. It has been acknowledged that there are resources that are threatening to run out or contaminate so that they can no longer be useful to mankind. One of the most important resources the world has is the water supply. "

Tags:environment, earth's, resources, water, supply, contamination, mexico, usa, united, states, america, contamination, political, drought, environmental, city, management