Abstract
This paper describes the continental drift and plate tectonic theories and traces their history, discusses the key players who were involved in developing the theories and examines the current state of scientific knowledge about Earth's geology and paleontology.

From the Paper
"The idea that the earth's continents have drifted has a long history. As long ago as 1596 the Dutch map maker Abraham Ortelius in his work Thesaurus Geographicus Ortelius suggested that the Americas were "torn away from Europe and Africa . . . by earthquakes and floods." He had been the first (and certainly not the last) to notice the apparent "jig-saw" fit of the bulge of eastern South America into the bight of Africa. (Kious and Tilling, 1999) In around 1850 A.D., a French scientist Antonio Snider-Pellegrini, while researching the similarity of the fossil plants and coal deposits in North American and European and concluded that the phenomenon could only be explained if the two continents had once been connected. In 1908 Frank B. Taylor of the United States invoked the notion of continental collision to explain the formation of some of the world's mountain ranges."

Tags:continents, land, masses, constantly, moving, collided, broken, apart, drifted, framented, oceans

Abstract
This paper discusses `neutralization' or drift theory in relation to a well known Canadian false conviction. The paper centers on a popular nonfiction account of the Milgaard case in Canada in which a youthful deviant who was known to police was false indicted and convicted of a sex-murder in Saskatoon in 1969, serving 22 years before a new investigation that cleared him. The writer presents a reflection on drift theory as explaining Milgaard's early life situation distinguishing him rather completely from the person eventually found guilty of the crime concerned.

From the Paper
"It refers to a popular non-fiction account from which more than one film has been made. Carl Karp and Cecil Rosner's When Justice Fails - the David Milgaard Story was produced for a popular readership, explaining in some detail how a typical quasi-delinquent of a certain location, background and belonging to a certain generation served 22 years in penitentiaries for a sex murder he did not commit. (1998) The book is detailed but is very sensational in its ..."

Tags:drift, theory

Abstract
This paper examines how genetic drift occurs when a subset of a population contains different gene frequencies than the larger population because it is a small sample. Over time, evolution and natural selection will work together to make the gene pool of a smaller population different from that of the greater allele distribution. It attempts to show how genetic drift is an important component of evolution and how, together with natural selection, it works to ensure genetic variety in all species.

From the Paper
"The Old Order Amish of Pennsylvania mate within their own community, and seldom involve the outside community. This loss of genetic diversity has led to a higher incidence of certain inherited diseases within Amish communities. For example, the founder effect in the Amish settlement has caused a variety of conditions, such as dwarfism and Crigler-Najjar syndrome, where the body can't break down bilirubin. Maple Syrup Urine Disease is much more common in the Amish, as is Homocystinuria, where an individual's blood vessels are damaged. In the case of polydactyly, where a person has extra digits, the prevalence among the Amish is much higher. "Today, thanks to large families and restricted marriages, the number of cases of polydactyly among the Amish exceeds the total number in the rest of the world." (Lewis, 246)."

Tags:gene, intermarriage, phenotypes, allele

Abstract
This paper discusses how science has developed many theories of how the earth works to explain natural disasters and why they are a continuous part of human life. According to this paper, one such theory concerns the continental drift and plate tectonics that was explored to explain why certain natural formations upon the earth and in the seas are consistently changing.

From the Paper
"Redfern attempts, through his writing, to explain a concept of science that has been beneficial to humankind by exploring natural change sin the earth. Redfern contends that the concept behind the continental drift is that the earth is formed in large plates, which are massive sections beneath the surface. Redfern states that Continental crust is very different from the crust that floors the oceans. Ocean crust is predominantly magnesium silicate, whereas the continents contain higher proportions of aluminum silicates. They also contain less iron than the denser material of the mantle or of the ocean floor. "

Tags:natural, science, tectonic

From the Paper
"During the past century, considerable advances have been made in the field of geology. The discovery of plate tectonics has provided researchers with a unifying theory that explains many fundamental earth processes. Of the various hypotheses that led to plate tectonic theory, the most important was proposed by Alfred Wegener. Wegener's ideas on continental drift were supported by much evidence. However, perhaps because of its overwhelming implications, the theory was met with considerable resistance. Only in recent decades has scientific investigation collected sufficient evidence to definitively establish the validity of the continental drift hypothesis.

The theory of plate tectonics describes a lithosphere consisting of approximately the Earth's outer 100 kilometers.... "

Abstract
This paper begins by providing an overview of the early life and education of scientist Alfred Wegener. It then discusses his initial idea of the Theory of Continental Drift and how this developed. The writer then explores different evidence for the theory and examines the concept of 'panagea'. The paper discusses reactions to Wegener's theory as well as support. It concludes with a discussion on his final expeditions and what he hoped to achieve.

From the Paper
"Alfred Lothar Wegener (1880-1930), German meteorologist, Arctic explorer and a brilliant interdisciplinary scientist, is best known as for his theory of "continental displacement" (that became famous, later, as the theory of continental drift). Since the technological means for proving the theory had not yet been developed and the idea was a radical departure from the scientific thinking of the time, Wegener's theory was widely rejected during his lifetime. After gradual accumulation of evidence in support of the idea, the theory finally gained acceptance in the early sixties."

Tags:panagea, expedition, science

Abstract
The paper summarizes the book "Drifting Together: The Political Economy of Canada-US Integration", outlines its importance to a novice student's understanding of Canadian and business history, defines the text's thesis and enumerates the shortcomings of that thesis. The paper also calls into question the strength of some of McDougall's key underlying ideas or themes and suggests that, in addition to not quite achieving his goal of persuading people to see Canada as becoming an unofficial state of the giant to the South, McDougall has a personal bias that hurts his cause. In the end, the paper concludes that the book is interesting, even informative, but not altogether authoritative.

From the Paper
"The following paper is a book review of John N. McDougall's, "Drifting Together: The Political Economy of Canada-US Integration". The review will summarize the book, outline its importance to a novice student's understanding of Canadian and business history, will define the text's thesis and enumerate the shortcomings of that thesis. The next several pages will also call into question the strength of some of McDougall's key underlying ideas or themes and will suggest that, in addition to not quite achieving his goal of persuading people to see Canada as becoming an..."

Tags:political, economy, integration

Abstract
The writer of this paper details the exploration of the ocean floor which began in the 1940s and aided scientists in developing the theory of plate tectonics. This paper explores how the work of researchers like Albert Wegener and James Hutton and the study of plate tectonics helped predict with some degree of accuracy where and when an earthquake will strike as well as predict which of the world's active volcanoes will erupt, saving countless lives.
Topics covered in this report include:
The Theory of Continental Drift
This Dynamic Earth-Developing the Theory
Plate Tectonics
Works Cited

From the Paper
"Abraham Ortelius, a Dutch mapmaker, first suggested the possibility that the earth's landmasses were not fixed in 1520. He suggested that the Americas were once attached to Africa and Europe. They were then ripped apart by earthquakes and floods, creating three continents. It wasn't until the early part of this century, when a German meteorologist named Alfred L. Wegener became intrigued by this concept and the ideas set forth by other scientists that land bridges had been connected the continents at one time, but had then sunk into the ocean."

Tags:science, james, hutton, earthquake, volcano, geology, abraham, ortelius, alfred, wegener, ocean, earth

Abstract
This paper relates that possibly modern monotheism arose not merely as a competitor with goddess worship, but as a reaction to the fundamental nature of goddess worship. The author points out that the shift to agriculture may have been made possible only through the civilizing influence of women who used their sexuality to manipulate men into settling down and, in so doing, provoked an unintentional backlash. The paper speculates that agriculture always arose from goddess worship, terminated in god worship and drifted slowly towards monotheism; therefore, some causality between these two must exist.

From the Paper
"If women created agricultural civilization and maintained it through a regime of restricted sexuality, then there may be some sense in the old Judeo-Christian myth that Eve's own punishment would be that "thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee..." (Genesis 3:16). Male-oriented monotheism and patriarchy might both have easily arisen in this environment as a reaction not so much to Goddess worship as to overwhelming female power, which had stripped from men the easy freedom of his hunter-gatherer ways and forced him into an uncomfortable civilization. In conclusion, this scenario, though strange and removed from what one expects of history, explains why the goddess would have moved from a place of worship to a place of denigration, despite supposedly giving such gifts to mankind, and as an explanation of why monotheism might be allowed to develop."

Tags:isis, eve, pandora, backlash, hunter

Abstract
This paper examines the roots, evolution, and apparent direction of post-modern thought as it appears in cinema presentations of the city and its citizens. Post-modernism guided the late 20th century and now shapes our understanding of the 21st. The culture, people, literature, and arts all carry the post-modern constructs, which shape our future through chaos and find direction from a lack of boundaries. Americanism has drifted into post-modern culture through the evolution of our collective goals, dreams, and our realizations and disappointments in reaching toward the same. The post-modern mind is finding freedom in its new paradigm, but is this freedom to become greater than itself, or is post-modern thinking an attempt to cast off past failures without taking ownership of the future?

Contents
Setting the Stage
Tarnished Tales from the Silver Screen
Characters
Settings
Scenes
The Setting
Scenes
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Postmodernism is also a reaction to modernity, and hence derives its name from the same. The modern era, ushered into the American dream through the scientific process and critical thinking constructs of the 60's and 70's, carried with it the promise of a better life. Through breaking down problems into their basic components, and engineering those pieces, culture, the economy, and business could be improved. The advances in business through this understanding brought success and economic expansion which the country had never before experiences. Theorem proposed theory supported. Because of the economic progress, culture was able to expand and grow. We traveled, dined out, and created an entire entertainment industry through the economic expansion, and the increase in disposable income."

Tags:culture, social, economics, rich, poor, cinema, future, progress, sex, feminism