Abstract
This paper reviews the article "Representations of the Child's Social Behavior and Attachment to the Kindergarten Teacher in Their Drawing", written by Zlatka Cugmas. The paper discusses the findings of the study that examined children's drawings in order to determine whether a significant attachment relationship can exist between a child and a caregiver that is non-maternal. It discusses the methods, results and discussion of the study, as well as reviews the strengths and significance of the study.

From the Paper
"The discussion in the article indicated that the use of drawings as a representation of what type of social behavior a child has appeared to be very logical and realistic when determining what type of attachment these children have to their kindergarten teacher. However, there are limitations to this particular type of research that are also important to note. One concern was that this type of study may not apply to children as they get older, since the older children in the study drew differently and in better proportion than the younger children. Another limitation and concern for the study was that all of the information that was gathered about the behavior of the children came only from one source - their teacher. This produces a "halo" effect that indicates that future study should include the observations and understandings of other competent individuals to get a clear picture of the issue."

Tags:relationship, preschool, student

From the Paper
"Rembrandt van Rijn is best-known for his paintings, but he also produced a number of important drawings, including the "Self-Portrait" from c. 1637 currently in the Rosenwald Collection at the National Museum of Art in Washington D.C. Rembrandt was a Dutch painter, etcher, and draughtsman in the seventeenth century. He was especially noted for his portraiture, though he also painted landscapes and religious painting.


The "Self-Portrait" was produced in red chalk and is the only self-portrait the artist made in this fashion, though the drawing is closely related to others painted and etched around the same time. Rembrandt showed considerable interest in depicting his own face, and the self-portraits of this artist are many and are unrivaled in the seventeenth century or in the..."

Tags:ART: ARTISTS

From the Paper
"It is hard to comprehend a culture without technology. What would we do without these necessities and pleasures of life? To determine the answer, let's take a look at a totally unfamiliar society- the cave dwellers. They lived without technology, existing upon nature alone.The cave dwellers haven't left us a lot to go on, but what they did leave us is rich in knowledge. What we have found are their cave paintings. What we can learn from these is debated. Some argue that these cave drawings only teach of location and a bit about the society. Others argue that we can learn not only that, but we can learn why they were drawn; and what the message becomes to us. The question is, then, can Paleolithic art be interpreted accurately enough to give a adequate depiction of Cro-Magnon life? I believe that with careful consideration of the wall drawings and of the culture that created them, and their physical journey, we can justly determine much about society and the stone age."

Tags:cave, dwellers, france, lascuax, paintings

Abstract
The paper explores Picasso's drawing characteristics, taking into account such things as line quality and fluidity; tonal range and contrast; the use of light and space by the master; and more.

From the Paper
"The following paper will explore Picasso's drawing characteristics, taking into account such things as line quality and fluidity; tonal range and contrast; the use of light and space by the master; the expression conveyed by his work (or at least representative samplings of that work); and the movement found in his drawings. In the interests of clarity, this paper will look at the evolution of Picasso by looking at three famous drawings of his and discuss the drawing characteristics mentioned above for each one of them. Overall, it is best to argue that his work became more polished as he grew older and that he was able to add subtlety to the.."

Tags:picasso, drawings, look

Abstract
The paper offers a critical review of David Goutor's well-regarded (but not perfect) essay, "Drawing Different Lines of Colour: The Mainstream English Canadian Labour Movement's Approach to Blacks and the Chinese, 1880-1914." The paper relates that this essay was originally published in 2005 and appeared on pages 55-76 of the periodical, "Labour: Studies in Working Class History of the Americas," vol.2, no.1. The paper explains that the topic of the article, as one can probably glean from the title, is the differential treatment Chinese workers received from Canadian "mainstream" unions in the aforementioned years as compared to the treatment given to African-Canadian workers. The paper then explains that the essential argument at the center of Goutor's essay appears to be this: Canadian labour leaders viewed Chinese workers with disdain because they feared those workers, saw them as just the sort of "debased" employees rapacious capitalists sought for their factories, and because there was a sense that their first allegiance was to somewhere other than Canada. Conversely, African-Canadians were viewed as the heroic survivors of slavery - and many labour militants at the turn of the twentieth century equated the black struggle of only a few decades earlier with their own struggle for dignity in the workplace (Goutor 55-57). According to this paper, it is a provocative thesis, and while this writer happens to believe that Goutor's assessment of things is primarily accurate, the writer also believes that his work suffers from some critical methodological errors in terms of the sources he uses and the manner in which he applies those sources to defending his thesis.

From the Paper
"The following short paper is a critical review of David Goutor's well-regarded (but not perfect) essay, "Drawing Different Lines of Colour: The Mainstream English Canadian Labour Movement's Approach to Blacks and the Chinese, 1880-1914." The essay was originally published in 2005 and appeared on pages 55-76 of the periodical, "Labour: Studies in Working Class History of the Americas", vol.2, no.1. The topic of the article, as one can probably glean from the title, is the differential treatment Chinese workers received from Canadian "mainstream" unions in the..."

Tags:david, goutor, analysis

Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses and analyzes Claire Harris' "Drawing Down a Daughter", explaining it as a book that is not to be described simply. The paper reports that the book is basically a prose poem but also incorporates other styles of writing such as stream of consciousness and life writing. The paper also reports that the book contains a number of interrelated themes but the central one concerns the concept of birthgift. To understand that theme it is essential to understand cultural context which is primarily African as well as Caribbean.

Tags:type, imagery, culture

Abstract
This paper discusses chapter 13 of Anthony Shadid's chronicle of the American military's recent experience in Baghdad, "Night Draws Near." The paper discusses the title of the chapter, "A Bad Muslim" and then looks specifically at American incomprehension of the Middle East and how it is a reoccurring pattern in American history. The paper looks at how Shadid's chapter 13 reflects this incomprehension.

From the Paper
"American incomprehension of the Middle East is a reoccurring pattern in American history. It lies partially misunderstanding of how America's close ties with Israel make it seem partisan in Arab eyes, not a neutral force as it regards itself, in its own democratic vision. It lies partially in the American ideal of secularism that is so anathema to the Middle East. Americans thought that ancient rivalries in Iraq could be swept away with new a new form of governance, with democratic ideals that America regards as universal ideals, and with superior but just military force. America thought that the terrors of the Saddam Hussein regime were enough to eradicate the hatred of America and the ideology of militant Islam. Instead, the chaos of civil war made religion and the identity afforded by nationalism even more comforting to Iraqis. Of course, it is not only in the Middle East that America has made this mistake: "Their destiny will be the same as in Vietnam," says one Iraqi (285). Hearing unfortunate American involvement in a foreign land analogized with Vietnam is nothing new for Americans, but it sounds especially chilling in the voice of an Iraqi, not just in the voice of an American critiquing the Iraqi war."

Tags:Islam, democracy, mindset, secular

Abstract
The paper analyzes the main facets of composition and form within the preliminary drawings and terracotta models that Bernini had created for "The Ecstasy of Saint Theresa." The paper highlights the effects of detail that define the genius of her garments and the symbolic representation of her deep trance under God's glory, and shows how Bernini sought to create a three-dimensional sculpture through models that would work in conjunction with the architecture and effects of lighting as a type of theatrical expression of this medium within the Church.

Tags:bernini, drawings, sculpture

Abstract
The paper looks at the research by Hammad, Kennedy, Juricevic, and Rajani (2008) that tests four theories concerning what is called the angle illusion, an illusion seen in paintings and drawings because of misperceptions by the observer as he or she tends to translate the angles in three-dimensional objectives drawn into the scene as tending toward 90-degree angels even when they are not and may instead show angles much larger than that. The paper relates that the authors see three major sources for this illusion, the first being the way artists judge visual angles so that the linear size of the object interferes with impressions of its visual angle, the second as different marks interact so that a mark that looks wrong on its own looks right because of perspective in the scene, and distorted impressions created by panoramic projections of the world.

From the Paper
"The research by Hammad, Kennedy, Juricevic, and Rajani (2008) tests four theories concerning what is called the angle illusion, an illusion seen in paintings and drawings because of misperceptions by the observer as he or she tends to translate the angles in three-dimensional objectives drawn into the scene as tending toward 90-degree angels even when they are not and may instead show angels much larger than that. The authors see three major sources for this illusion, the first being the way artists judge visual angles so that the linear size of the object interferes with impressions of its visual angle, the second as different marks interact so that a mark that looks wrong on its own looks right because of perspective..."

Tags:angle, illusion, research

Abstract
A study of the literacy culture of the Bronze Age society and how the scribes and drawings were a reflection of the society. A technical analysis of linguistics in the pre-historic culture is included.

From the Paper
"Anthropologists and archaeologists call certain societies "iron age" or "bronze age." In doing this they recognize that the properties of the main metal used by a society's technology greatly affect both its use and through this the nature of that society. For instance, bronze unlike iron is too soft to be used for ploughing; it is an alloy. Bronze can be smelted at lower temperatures than iron which need specialized supplies of charcoal. All these facts affect societies which use bronze and iron. For example, since bronze cannot be used for ploughing these societies cannot produce in many regions the large agriculture surplus iron societies can; since bronze requires tin bronze age societies had to trade, etc. (Claiborne, 1974) I believe the same parallel exists between the different characteristics of different writing systems and its use as a communication technology in a society. "

Tags:writing, linear, script, decipher